板球 - 棒和球的比赛 Cricket – Game of bat and ball

板球是两队之间的比赛，每队由11名球员组成。这场比赛由两名现场裁判员和一名场外裁判员控制（为他的决定提供技术帮助）。

Cricket is a game played between two teams consisting of 11 players each. This game is controlled by two on-field umpires and one off field umpire (who takes help of technology for his decision). 

这种比赛起源于英格兰，并逐渐开始在全球传播。 ICC（国际板球理事会）是游戏的管理机构。有105个国家（中国是其中之一）玩这个游戏并且是ICC的成员，12个国家是全职成员。全职成员也是测试比赛的国家。

This game originated in England and slowly started to spread globally. ICC (International Cricket Council) is the governing body of the game. There are 105 countries (China is one of them) who play this game and are member of ICC and 12 countries are full time members. Full time members are also test match playing countries.

目前有3种不同的国际格式的游戏。

1. 20回合（最受欢迎）每支球队最多可以打20次（一次包括6次公平交付球）。2.单日比赛每支球队最多可以打50次

3.测试比赛

游戏玩了5天，是游戏中最长的形式。有四局无限制（每队2场）。保龄球队必须两次击败对手（每局10个小门）。

Currently there are 3 different international formats of the game. 

1.      20回合 (most popular)

Each team gets to play maximum 20 overs (one over consists of 6 fair deliveries of balls).

2.      One day match

Each team gets to play maximum 50 overs

3.      Test Match

Gameis played for 5 days and is the longest form of the game. There are four innings of unlimited over (2 for each team). Bowling team has to bowl out their opponent twice (10 wickets in each inning). 

我们打算提供有关这个游戏的完整细节，这将比较冗长。我们决定将这篇文章分成几部分，以保持文章的篇幅。在这一部分中，我们将详细介绍所涉及的基础设施和球员使用的装备。

We intend to give complete detail about this game which will be very lengthy. We have decided to make this article in parts to maintain length of the article. In this part we will give details about infrastructure involved and gears used by the players.

地面

根据游戏规则，地面的大小。最小边界距离（比赛场地边缘）不得小于65码且距球场中心90码以上（详情见下文）。

Ground

Size of the ground is as per rule of the game. Minimum distance of boundary (edge ofthe playing field) cannot be less than 65 yards and more than 90 yards from the centre of the pitch (details are given below).

大多数板球场都是椭圆形的草覆盖。边界必须用绳索或类似物体标记。边界线附近的广告牌也有规则，应该与边界线之间的距离至少为3码，以避免对选手造成伤害。

Most of the cricket grounds are oval in shape covered with grass. Boundary has to be marked by ropes or similar objects. There is also a rule for advertising boards near the boundary line, which should be at a minimum distance of 3 yards from the boundary line to avoid injuries to players. 

与其他任何田径运动相比，板球场拥有最大的比赛场地（草地覆盖）。典型的板球场面积为20000平方码，而足球场只有（9000平方码的草地覆盖）和奥运会只有（8350平方码的草地覆盖面积）。

Cricket stadiums have the largest playing areas (covered with grass), when compared to any other field sports.  Typical cricket stadium is 20000 square yard compared to stadium for football (9000 square yards covered with grass) and Olympic (8350 square yard of area covered with grass). 

板球场

该地区是打球的地方。根据规则，树桩之间的距离为22码（带图片的详细内容）和10英尺（3.05米宽）。这是唯一没有草覆盖或覆盖很少草的区域。

Pitch

This area is the place which creates action in the field. As per the rules distance is 22 yards between the stumps (details in picture) and 10 feet (3.05meter wide).  This is the only area which is not covered with grass or covered with very little grass.

这是板球比赛中最有价值的领域，并有保护法。这些法律旨在维护游戏的公平性。根据施工和维护的情况（天气是性能中的外力），板球场有各种不同的状态。以下是球场的类型：

This is the most valuable area in game of cricket and also has laws for protection. These laws are made to maintain fairness of the game. There are various states of the pitch depending upon construction and maintenance (weather is external force in performance). Following are the types of pitches : 

绿色球场

有更长的草和水分，并有利于投球手（未来文章中的细节）。

板球场的两端都有一个叫做位置线的部分（详见下文）。

Green pitch

This has longer grass and moisture and favors the bowlers (Details in future articles). 

Pitch has a part called crease (details are given below) on both the ends.

粘性板球场这些类型的板球场表现不稳定。它们有助于旋转或减慢投球手的速度（未来文章中的细节）。这些板球场因雨水、浇水或露水而变湿，并被高温太阳晒干。根据法律，在比赛期间不允许在板球中浇水。随着比赛的进行，球场干燥，水分消失，球场有裂缝，开始帮助投球手，反之亦然，这取决于球场和气候的维护。

Sticky Pitch

These types of pitch behave erratically. They help spin or slow bowlers (details infuture article). These pitch become wet due to rain or watering or dew and getdried by high heat of sun. 

As per the rule, watering is not allowed in cricket during the match. As the match progresses, pitch gets dry, moisture disappears, there are cracks in pitch and it starts helping bowling and can be vice-a-versa depending upon the maintenance of the pitch and climate. 

 铺平板球场

在比赛开始之前，击球队的队长可以要求在比赛开始之前铺平板球场，在不超过7分钟的时间内投出一个球（后续文章中有部分描述）。

Rolling of the pitch

Before the start of the match Captain of the batting side may request for rolling ofthe pitch which may not be more than 7 minutes before the start of the inning(description about innings in subsequent article). 

清扫

在铺平板球场之前和休息期间，清扫板球场以清除碎屑。

Sweeping

Pitch is swept to remove debris before rolling and during the breaks.

割草

割草是在比赛期间由裁判员监督下进行的，这是运动员在比赛前后的特权。

Mowing

Mowing is done in supervision of the umpires during the matches and it’s a privilege of grounds men before and after.

位置线 

位置线分为弹出（击球）位置线和投球位置线。在球场两侧的三柱门横木前面，1.22米处有击球位置线。投球位置线两侧距离中间树桩1.32米。位置线的作用将在随后的文章中介绍。

Crease

Crease is divided into popping (batting) crease and bowling crease. Popping crease is marked at 1.22 meter in front of the stumps on both the side of the pitch. Bowling crease is 1.32 meter from middle stump on both the sides. 

What is the role of crease will be covered in articles to follow.

圈 

对于男子板球，在距离中间三柱门横木15码半径30码处画圆圈。

对于女子板球，这些圈子减少到12码和25码。

制定圈子以实施守备限制。对于3种格式的游戏，这些限制是不同的。我们将在随后的文章中介绍这一点。

 

Circle

For men’s cricket there is circle drawn at a radius of 15 yards and 30 yards from the middle stump.

For women’s cricket these circles are reduced to 12 yards and 25 yards.

Circles are made to implement fielding restrictions. These restriction are different for 3 formats of the game. We will cover this in our subsequent article. 

三柱门柱子和三柱门上的横木

三柱门柱子在球场的两侧都有3个垂直的圆形支柱，两个支柱放在它们上面。它们一起被称为小门。每个柱子高28英寸，最小直径3.49厘米，最大直径3.81厘米。小门宽度为9英寸（22.9厘米）。它们在一端插入尖钉以插入地面并在另一端以“U形”开槽以放置箍。

三个柱子分别叫远柱、中柱和腿柱。远桩是击球手球拍同一侧的桩的名称，中柱是中间柱，腿柱是击球手腿的一侧。

在现代，一个或多个柱是空心的，包含麦克风和摄像头，以便更好地覆盖电视频道和第三裁判的评论。最近，三柱门上的横木和柱子也嵌入了LED，当三柱门上的横木和柱子脱落时闪烁。

Stumps and bails

Stumps are 3 vertical round pillars on both the side of the pitch with two bails placed on them. Together, they are known as wicket.  Each stump is 28 inches tall with minimum diameter of 3.49 cm and maximum diameter of 3.81 cm. Width of wicket is 9 inches (22.9 cm). They have spike on one end to insert in the ground and grooved in ‘U shape’ at the other end to place bails.

Three stumps are name as off-stump, middle stump and leg stump.  Off-stump is the name for the stump which ison the same side of the bat of the batsman, middle stump is the one in the centre and leg stump is on the side of the legs of the batsman.

In modern days one or more stumps are hollow and contain mic and cameras for better television coverage and for reviews from third umpires. Recently bails and stumps are also embedded with LED which flash when the bails are dislodged.

板球装备

 板球是个规则的游戏，也适用于服装和装备。传统上板球是所有都穿白色衣服进行的，并且在测试比赛中这个规则也是适用的。衬衫必须有领子。裤子是长裤。

Cricket gears

Cricket is game of rules and applies on clothing and gears too. Traditionally cricket was played with all white clothes and still in test matches this rule is applicable. Shirts are compulsorily collared. Trousers are long. 

腹部防护

两名男击球手/女击球手和守门员使用它来保护生殖器。它由高密度塑料制成，边缘有厚衬垫。

Abdominal guard 

This is used by the two batsman/batswoman and wicket keeper to protect genitals. It is made from high density plastic and with thick padding at the edge. 

护臂或护肘 

它是模压高密度泡沫，用于保护手臂和肘部。

Arm guard or Elbow guard

It is moulded high density foam meant to protect arm and elbow.

球

板球由硬木和橡胶制成，坚硬而坚固，由绳子缠绕并被包有皮革。缝制的皮革略微凸起，称为接缝。测试板球用红色球打，而单日比赛和20回合板球用白色球打。

Ball 

Cricket balls are hard and solid made from cork and rubber which is wounded by string and covered by leather. Sewn leather is slightly raised and called as seam. Test cricket is played with red colour balls while One day and T20 cricket are played with white colour balls.

板球拍 

板球拍由柳木制成，在前端（醒目的一侧）平坦，背面有脊。根据规则，球棒的长度不能超过38英寸（965毫米），宽度不能超过4.25英寸（108毫米）。球棒的总厚度不应超过2.64英寸（67毫米），边缘的厚度不能超过1.56英寸（40毫米）。板的重量没有规定，但通常它们在2磅7盎司（1.2千克）到3磅（1.4千克）之间。这些木制板用生的亚麻籽油处理。

根据游戏规则，选手可以选择在大小限制内使用适合他们的板球拍。裁判员配备了检查是否有违反规则的仪表。

20回合的板球拍规则略有放松，允许选手在板中间添加更多的木材。这有助于进行攻击射击。

Bat 

Bats are made from willow wood and are flat on front end (striking side) with ridge on the back side. As per the rules length of bat cannot be more than 38 inches(965mm) and width cannot be more than 4.25 inches (108mm). Overall thickness of the bat should not be more than 2.64 inches (67mm) and thickness at the edge cannot be more than 1.56 inches (40mm). There is no rule for weight of the bats but normally they are between 2 lb 7 oz (1.2kg) to 3 lb (1.4 kg). These, wooden bats are treated with raw linseed oil. 

Players have choice to use bats suitable for them within the limit of the size as mentioned in the rules book of the game. Umpired are equipped with gauges to check for any violation of the rule.

Rules for bats used in T20 format is somewhat relaxed which has allowed players to add slightly more wood in the middle of the bat. This helps in playing attacking shots.   

击球手套

击球手套不仅用于为选手的手指提供安全性，还在击球时吸收震动。手套由尼龙或类似面料制成。手套的手掌由皮革制成，以提供更好的抓地力。手指区域用棉花填充，指节区域使用高密度泡沫填充。

Batting Gloves

Batting gloves are not only meant to provide safety to the fingers of the player but also absorb shock while playing shots. Gloves are made from nylon or similar fabric. Palm of the gloves are made of leather to provide better grip. Finger area is filled with cotton and knuckle areas are padded using high density foam.

胸部防护

面向投球手的胸部佩戴胸部防护装置，以防止短球。使用的材料类似于手臂或护肘。

Chest guard

Chest guard is worn on the chest facing the bowler to protect from short pitched balls. Material used is similar as arm or elbow guard.

头盔

高抗冲击材料和高密度泡沫用于制作板球头盔。击球员/击球手，守门员和守门员在击球时接近击球手/击球手使用头盔。

Helmet

High impact resistant material and high density foam is used to make helmet for cricket.  Helmet is used by batsman/batswoman, wicket-keeper and fielders who are close to the batsman/batswoman on strike.

腿垫 

使用由聚氨基甲酸酯和聚氯乙烯制成的高密度泡沫。垫的表面由填充有棉花的木制手杖制成。这样可以防止受伤，还可以减少冲击的影响。

Leg pads

High density foam made from PU and PVC is used. Face of the pads are made of wooden cane filled with cotton. This provides protection from injuries and also reduces impacts of shock.

鞋

钉鞋用于更好地抓住地面。鞋子类型：

a）全长钉

通常由投球手和接球员使用，这种鞋子在鞋底周围都有钉子。

b）半长钉

击球手使用这些类型的钉鞋来避免脚的后部卡住。

c）橡胶钉

一些外勤选手选择使用橡胶钉而不是全长鞋钉。

Shoes

Spike shoes are used for better grip over the ground. Types of shoes :

a)     Full spikes

Normally used by bowlers and fielders, these kind of shoes have stud all around the sole. 

b)     Half Spike

These types of spiked shoes are used by batsman to avoid rear part of the feet getting stuck.

c)      Rubber studs

Some fielders opt to use rubber studs rather than full spikes.

护腿 

在击球时接近男击球手/女击球手使用护腿。它由类似材料制成，用于制作手臂/肘部护罩和胸部护罩。

Shin pad

Shin pads are used by fielders who are close to the batsman/batswoman on strike. It is made from similar material used to make arm/elbow guard and chest guard. 

壁纸 

壁纸通常为白色或黑色。壁纸的作用是为男击球手/女击球手提供清晰的投球视图。壁纸覆盖背景，可能会导致男击球手/女击球手分心。

Sightscreen

Sightscreens are normally white or black in colour. Role of sight screen is to provide clear view of the bowl to the batsman/batswoman. Sightscreen covers the background which might cause distraction to batsman/batswoman.

扩边太阳帽，鸭舌太阳帽，板球帽或棒球帽 

与一般的防晒和避免灯光干扰不同，板球的帽子也具有价值。初出茅庐的球员被授予一顶帽子，也被称为“接收第一顶帽子”。

Sun hat, sun cap, cricket cap or baseball cap

Unlike the normal use for protection from sunlight and avoid distraction caused by lights, caps in cricket has spiritual value too. Debutant players are presented with a cap which is also called, “receiving first cap”. 

大腿垫 

大腿垫由与手臂或肘部护板，胸部护罩和护腿垫相同的材料制成。

Thigh pad

Thigh pad is made from same material as arm or elbow guard, chest guard and shin pad.  

守门手套 

在比赛中，守门员比其他队员更能承受球的直接冲击。手套在每根手指的末端都有额外的保护。这些手套在拇指和食指之间也有网状物。它们通常由皮革制成，并且主要与棉内衬一起使用。

Wicket keeping gloves 

Wicket keeper bears direct impact of the ball more than any other player in the game. 

Gloves have extra protection around the ends of each finger. These gloves also have web between thumb and forefinger. They are usually made up of leather and are mostly used with cotton inners.  

板球守门员垫  

它们与击球垫类似，但它们更短，重量更轻，更容易移动。

Wicket keeping pads  

They're similar to batting pads, but they are shorter and lighter in weight, making them easier to move.  

20回合锦标赛于4月5日至4月7日在深圳举行。这是一个观看比赛的好机会。

T20 tournament has been organised from 5^th April to 7^Th April at Shenzhen. It’s a good opportunity to see the game being played.

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