名家介绍 | 加拿大中国史家卜正民
名家介绍 | 加拿大中国史家卜正民
Timothy Brook (卜正民），加拿大人，1951年生。多伦多大学文学士、哈佛大学文学硕士、哲学博士；曾在上世纪70年代作为交换生来到复旦大学，跟从李庆甲教授学习中国古代文学。历任多伦多大学、斯坦福大学等校教授，英国牛津大学邵氏汉学教授，现为加拿大英属哥伦比亚大学圣约翰学院院长、历史系教授；当今英文学界最著名的中国史学家之一，擅长明代社会经济文化史（代表作《纵乐的困惑：明代的商业与文化》The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998）、民国史（Collaboration: Japanese Agents and Local Elites in Wartime China）和全球史《维梅尔的帽子》（Vermeer's Hat: The Seventeenth Century and the Dawn of the Global World） 。近年来转向中国环境史研究。代表作The Troubled Empire: China in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2010，用小冰河期的视角重新解释元明史，并培养了数名中国环境史博士。
卜正民教授著述丰富，另著有《为权力祈祷：佛教与晚明中国士绅社会的形成》（）、《明清历史的地理动因》（）等书，另编有《亚细亚生产方式在中国》、《中国公民社会》、《中国与历史资本主义》、《鸦片政权》、《民族行为：亚洲精英与民族身份认同》等著作。
求学经历：
1973 加拿大多伦多大学；学士
1977 美国哈佛大学；硕士；
1984 美国哈佛大学；博士；
【注】他在研究生期间学习经历非常丰富，曾在北京大学和复旦大学学习了两年、在东京大学学习了两年以及在剑桥大学做了一年的研究学者。
工作经历：
1984-1986 加拿大艾伯塔大学；
1986-1997 加拿大多伦多大学；
1997-1999 美国斯坦福大学；
1999- 加拿大多伦多大学
现任英属哥伦比亚大学亚洲研究中心当代西藏研究项目学术主管
Books
| Citation |
|---|
| T. Brook. . Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2010. Explores the history of China between the Mongol reunification of China in 1279 under the Yuan dynasty and the Manchu invasion four centuries later, explaining how climate changes profoundly affected the empire during this period. |
| T. Brook. . London: Profile Books, 2009. In one painting, a Dutch military officer leans toward a laughing girl. In another, a woman at a window weighs pieces of silver. In a third, fruit spills from a porcelain bowl onto a Turkish carpet. The officer’s dashing hat is made of beaver fur, which European explorers got from Native Americans in exchange for weapons. Beaver pelts, in turn, financed the voyages of sailors seeking new routes to China. There - with silver mined in Peru -... |
| T. Brook. . Hefei: Huangshan shu she, 2009. |
| T. Brook; J. Bourgon; G. Blue. . Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2008. |
| T. Brook. . Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007. |
| T. Brook. . New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005. |
| T. Brook. . Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2005. |
| T. Brook. . Taibei Shi: Lian jing, 2004. |
| T. Brook. . Taibei Shi: Ju liu tu shu gong si, 2004. |
| T. Brook. . Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, 2002. |
| T. Brook; B.T. Wakabayashi; I. ebrary. . Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. |
| T. Brook; A. Schmid. . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000. |
| T. Brook; G. Blue. . New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. |
| T. Brook. . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999. |
| T. Brook. . Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 1998. |
| T. Brook; B.M. Frolic. . Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 1997. |
| T. Brook; H.V. Luong. . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997. |
| T. Brook. . : , 1994. |
| T. Brook. . Cambridge, Mass: Distributed by Harvard University Press, 1993. |
| T. Brook. . New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. The Beijing Massacre was a watershed in the history of modern China. In the early hours of June 4, 1989, the People’s Liberation Army forced its way into the center of Beijing. Its objective was to take control of Tiananmen Square, headquarters of the fledgling Democracy Movement, at all costs. Even the Chinese leaders may not have realized that the Army would carry out a massacre that would shred the legitimacy of the government in the eyes... |
| T. Brook. . Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 1989. |
| T. Brook; Tgi Min; P.A. Kuhn. . Cambridge, Mass: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1989. |
| T. Brook. . Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, 1988. |
著作（英汉对照）
1.Geographical Sources of Ming-Qing History《明清历史的地理动因》
2.The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China《愉悦的混乱：中国明代的商业和文化》
3.The Asiatic Mode of Production in China《中国的亚洲生产方式》
4.Culture and Economy: The Shaping of Capitalism in Eastern Asia《文化与经济：东亚资本主义在东亚的形成》
5.Civil Society in China《中国的公民社会》
6.China and Historical Capitalism: Genealogies of Sinological Knowledge《中国与历史上的资本主义：汉学知识的谱系》
7.Documents on the Rape of Nanking《南京大屠杀档案》
8.Nation Work: Asian Elites and National Identities《国家工作：亚洲精英与国家认同》
9.Opium Regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839-1952《鸦片政权：中国、英国与日本，1839~1952年》
Articles/Book Chapters
| Citation |
|---|
| , , The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 71, p. 103, 2012. |
| , , Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies, vol. 11, p. 107, 2011. |
| , , Globalizations, vol. 6, pp. 379-387, 2009. |
| , , The Journal of Economic History, vol. 69, pp. 1184-1185, 2009. |
| , ,The China Quarterly, vol. 180, pp. 1100-1101, 2004. |
| , , The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 60, pp. 673-700, 2001. |
| , , Ming Studies, vol. 40, pp. 117-124, 1998. |
| , , Late Imperial China, vol. 17, pp. 93-119, 1996. |
| , , Modern China, vol. 22, pp. 340-348, 1996. |
| , , ASIAN PERSPECTIVE, vol. 19, p. 1079, 1995. |
| , , The American Historical Review, vol. 100, p. 930, 1995. |
| , , The American Historical Review, vol. 96, p. 1259, 1991. |
| , , Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, vol. 49, pp. 465-499, 1989. |
| , , Canadian Journal of History/Annales canadiennes d’histoire, vol. 23, p. 177, 1988. |
| , , Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. 24, pp. 165-165, 1981. |
论文（英汉对照）
1.The Spread of Rice Cultivation and Rice Technology into the Hebei Region in the Ming and Qing /明清两代河北地区推广种稻和种稻技术的情况
2.Family Continuity and Cultural Hegemony:The Gentry of Ningbo, 1368-1911/家庭的连续性与文化霸权：宁波的士绅——1368年至1911年
3.Toward Independence:Christianity in China under Japanese Occupation, 1937-1945/为了自主：1937年至1945年日本占领下的中国基督徒
4.Native Identity under Alien Rule: Local Gazetteers of the Yuan Dynasty/外族统治下的本国身份：元朝的地方地名辞典
5.Profit and Righteousness in Chinese Economic Culture/中国经济文化中的利益与正义
6.Auto-Organization in Chinese Society/中国社会的自发组织
7.At the Margin of Public Authority: The Ming State and Buddhism/位于大众权力的边缘：明朝与佛教
8.Communications and Commerce/交通与商业
9.Capitalism and the Writing of Modern History in China/资本主义与中国现代历史著述
10.Collaborationist Nationalism in Wartime Occupied China抗战时期中国卖国者的民族主义
11.Opium and Collaboration in Central China, 1938-40/1938年至1940年中国中部的鸦片与通敌
12.The Creation of the Reformed Government in Central China, 1938/ 1938年中国中部改革后政府的成立
13.Xu Guangqi in his Context: The World of the Shanghai Gentry/历史背景中的徐光启：上海贵族的世界
14.The Pacification of Jiading/平定嘉定
15.Dying Gods in China:Religion since the Cultural Revolution/在中国逝去的神：文化大革命后的宗教
16.The Revival of China's Musical Culture/中国音乐文化繁荣复兴
17.The Merchant Network in Sixteenth Century China/中国16世纪的商人网络
18.The Spatial Structure of Ming Local Administration/明朝地方行政部门的空间结构
19.Censorship in Eighteenth-Century China: A View from the Book Trade/中国18世纪的审查制度：从书籍贸易谈起
20.Funerary Ritual and the Building of Lineages in Late Imperial China帝国晚期的葬礼与关系的建立
21.Rethinking Syncretism: The Unity of the Three Teachings and their Joint Worship in Late- Imperial China/融合主义反思：清朝时期的三教合一与联合崇拜
22.Differing Agendas: China and the Human Rights Treaties/相异的议程：中国与人权条约
23.Edifying Knowledge: The Building of School Libraries in Ming China/有益的知识：明朝学校藏书室的建立
24.Medievality and the Chinese Sense of History/中世纪与中国人的历史感
25.Quelling the People: The Military Suppression of the Beijing Democracy Movement镇压人民：对北京民主运动的军事镇压
26.National Polity and Local Power: The Transformation of Late Imperial China国家政体与地方势力：中国清代转型
27.Traveling to the Trigram Mountains:Buddhism after the Gang of Four/迈向朝圣山：四人帮后的佛教
28.Weber, Mencius, and the History of Chinese Capitalism/韦伯、孟子与中国资本主义史
29.Picturing Clunas: A Review Essay/叙述克鲁纳斯：评论文
30.Confucianism/ 儒教
31.Praying for Power: Buddhism and the Formation of Gentry Society in Late-Ming China 祈祷权力：中国明代晚期佛教与士绅社会的构成
32.The Sinology of Joseph Needham/李约瑟的中国学
Additional
| Citation |
|---|
| , , The Globe and Mail. p. F.14, 2009. What a rogues’ gallery of atrociousness we find ourselves in. These characters are as familiar to us as evil storybook characters, yet as foreign to contemporary business standards as Genghis Khan. Their loyalty to their companies was exceeded only by their hubris, avarice and contempt for the welfare of others on a scale that is truly breathtaking. |
| , , The Sunday Telegraph. p. 36, 2008. We are drawn to Vermeer’s paintings as mundane enigmas. They appear to capture moments of banal domestic life utterly removed from the pressures of the wider world: a woman reading a letter by a window, a couple flirting at a table, a maid pouring a jug of milk, a young girl wearing a pearl earring. The apparently effortless, parochial qualities of Vermeer’s paintings seduce and frustrate. How are we to interpret them, beyond simply admiring the Delft Master’s style and technique? |
| , , The Globe and Mail. p. C.16, 1996. Chinese pulp fiction written the year after Tiananmen. The story is too far-fetched to be true, perhaps, but the anxiety on which it plays is real. BBC journalist uses the novel in the final chapter of his exhaustive account of China since 1989 to talk about what many Chinese dread most – the death of . The architect of China’s unique combination of reform and repression, Deng is now in his early nineties. |
| , , The Globe and Mail. p. A.17, 1992. BY FOR the first time since June 4, 1989, China is back in the public eye. The Beijing massacre in Tiananmen Square doused the goodwill of most Canadians and we turned our eyes elsewhere. But when China tossed MPs Beryl Gaffney, Svend Robinson and Geoff Scott out of the country last month, it stirred Canadians into thinking again about what the Chinese government has done, and how we should respond. |
| , , Toronto Star. p. F.13, 1992. New Ghosts, Old Dreams captures the desperation of Chinese writers and intellectuals who find themselves trapped on the wrong side of myth. To writer Wang Luxiang, the Great Wall is no longer evidence of China’s strength, which is how the Communist government pictures it, but "a symbol of confinement, conservatism, impotent defence, and timidity." Songwriter Hou Dejian mourns that it has been his fate to grow up "under the claws of the dragon." Artist Zhang Hongtu can do nothing with the official portrait of Mao Zedong but cut it up for cartoons. And literary critic Liu Xiaobo regards the aura of spirituality in which Chinese culture often robes itself as nothing but a crutch for the senile. |
| , , Toronto Star. p. A.21, 1992. The waiting room of the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) offices is a long hall overlooking Front St. Twice a day, applicants for refugee status disappear into the labyrinth of hearing rooms to explain why they deserve to be recognized as political refugees and allowed to stay in Canada. |
历任多伦多大学、斯坦福大学、英属哥伦亚大学历史系教授，兼圣约翰学院院长。1974年，他作为交换生来到中国。李约瑟则在1977年安排他参与《中国的科学与文明》第七分册的编写，这一册主要是对比中国发展与西方资本主义兴起，这对卜正民的学术道路或多或少有些影响，在《为权力而祈祷：佛教与晚明中国士绅社会的形成》（或译为“觊觎权力”，江苏人民，2005年11月）、与格力高利·布鲁编的《中国与历史资本主义：汉学知识的系谱学》（新星出版社，2005年5月）等都体现了这一点。
后现代史学认为历史只是后人构建的，历史的书写总会以特殊的意识形态和权力话语为导向的。因此后现代史学认为是历史学家发现并写作故事，个人价值、想像和感情无法避免，后现代史学写作也就和小说创作并无二致，《纵乐的困惑》也不例外，它的故事性极强，写得生动而有趣，这恰恰是后现代史学的中心特征之一。
卜正民还用“为权利而祈祷”来解释晚明士绅的捐赠行为与佛教之方志之间的关系。有人以为这是在西方语境影响下得出一个片面观点。晚明士绅社会的形成确与明代佛教方志有一定的关系，但这种关系是相互交织在一起的，是传统史学理想的实现、教化风气、弘扬佛法等多种因素相互交融的结果，而绝非仅仅为了“权利进行祈祷！”