习近平这两本书全球热销！来听听专家讲英译过程丨读书者说
作者：梅佳
本文来源：中国日报双语新闻（chinadaily_mobile）
文章已获授权
刚结束不久的北京国际图书博览会（Beijing International Book Fair），是中国出版界站在家门口向海外受众推介重点新书和版权的“尖峰时刻”。
At the event, 5,262 deals were struck, an increase of 4.9 percent compared with the figures in 2016.
本届图博会共达成中外版权贸易协议5262项，同比增长4.9%。
The ratio of titles sold compared with titles bought was 1.6:1, meaning that China is now selling rights to more titles than it is buying.
引进输出比为1:1.61，中国已经扭转了图书版权引进大于输出的逆差局面。
在这届图博会上，中国的诺贝尔奖得主莫言刚从老家山东高密返回，带来了他在九月有三个短篇小说，一个戏曲文学本子《锦衣》，以及一组诗作《七星曜我》发表的消息。
暌违五年，用《人民文学》杂志施战军的话来说，“不是莫言回来了，而是莫言一直在”。
贾平凹带来了2007年的小说《高兴》（Happy Dreams）的英文版，译者是跟中国文学界长期合作的英国翻译韩斌（Nicky Harman）。
今年还有铁凝、刘震云、曹文轩等文学群星闪耀图博会。
刘震云x马东
《摆脱贫困》
不过，今年最重头的新书发布，是外文出版社《摆脱贫困》（Up and Out of Poverty）的英文、法文版首发！
The book, originally published in Chinese in 1992, comprises 29 of Xi's speeches and articles written during his posting as Party secretary of the CPC Ningde Prefectural Committee in Fujian province, from 1988-90.
《摆脱贫困》是中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平的个人著作，收录了他1988年至1990年任中共宁德地委书记期间的重要讲话和调研文章，共29篇。
该书中文版由福建人民出版社于1992年7月第一版印制出版，并于2014年8月重印。
国家新闻出版广电总局副局长吴尚之在英法文版的发布会上说：
"To eradicate poverty and boost development in eastern Fujian, the president devised innovative ideas, mechanisms and methods, and he has shared those in the book.
“该书紧紧围绕闽东地区如何脱贫致富、加快发展这一主题，提出了一系列富有创见的理念、观点和方法，回答了经济社会发展的重大理论和实践问题。”
"The book shows his concern and care for the people there, and his confidence and determination to fight poverty."
“本书充分反映了总书记对贫困群众的关心关怀……通过阅读这部充满智慧和哲理的图书，我们更加深刻体会到习近平总书记带领全国各族人民全力打赢脱贫攻坚战的信心和决心，”吴尚之还说。
中国外文局局长张福海说：
President Xi's ideas and the summarization of his experience offered a theoretical and political foundation for poverty alleviation in the country, where 55 million people have been lifted from misery, a feat as well as a miracle in human history.
这些讲话和文章集中体现了习近平关于精准扶贫、精准脱贫工作的战略思想、理论支持和实践探索，是指导中国扶贫脱贫工作的理论基础和重要方针。中国有5500多万人实现了脱贫，这不仅是中国发展史上的奇迹，也将是世界发展史上的壮举……
The theories are an important part of the Chinese governing philosophy and strategy. And, in multiple languages, the book will offer Chinese wisdom and solutions to issues shared by the international community.
这也是以习近平同志为核心的党中央治国理政新理念新思想新战略的重要组成部分。本书为全球减贫事业提供中国方案，贡献中国智慧。
张福海介绍说，这本书刚一出版，就得到了国际社会的热烈反响，在近期举办的多个高端论坛和智库交流活动中，多个国家，特别是非洲国家的政要、学者和新闻媒体高度关注和由衷称赞这本书。
外文出版社表示，除了英文版，同时推进法语版也是顺应了市场的呼声和需求。
Bah Thierno Maadjou, a counselor with the embassy of Guinea in China, said the book offered thoughts, ways and a vision to help his country and other developing countries in fighting poverty.
出席新书发布的几内亚驻华大使特别代表、政治文化参赞巴·迪埃赫诺·马德儒表示，这本书将为几内亚摆脱贫困、发展经济提供重要的思路和方法。
★ 原文摘选
谈到“弱鸟先飞”的意识
Being the first to “take flight”
❶ 闽东，交通闭塞，信息短缺，是小农经济的一统天下。商品经济的发展较其他贫困地区，显得更为步履维艰。人们说起闽东，便是五个字：“老、少、边、岛、贫。”
Ningde is almost a world to itself – hard to get to, little information from the outside world, and an economy based on small-scale farming. Its commodity economy has developed even more sluggishly than other impoverished regions. When you mention Ningde, five words come to people’s minds: “old, ethnic minority, remote, island, impoverished”.
❷ 与世界发达国家相比，中国在有些方面落伍了。落伍原因历史学家们可以慢慢探究；但对于更多的人来说，励精图治，发愤图强，以中国的繁荣昌盛为己任，尽短时间使整个国家“脱贫”，尽短时间使中国立于发达国家之林，才是更为紧迫、更为切实的思想和行动。
China lags behind developed countries in some areas. I will leave it to the historians to explore the reasons why. The people are interested in more urgent and practical matters. Working hard to strengthen the country, they have made a thriving and prosperous China their mission. They are dedicated to helping China escape from backwardness as quickly as possible and want to ensure that China will soon stand among the ranks of developed nations.
❸ 全书的题目叫做“摆脱贫困”，其意义首先在于摆脱意识和思路的“贫困”，只有首先“摆脱”了我们头脑中的“贫困”，才能使我们所主管的区域“摆脱贫困”，才能使我们整个国家和民族“摆脱贫困”，走上繁荣富裕之路。
The title of this book is Up and Out of Poverty. Its significance lies first and foremost in uprooting our “poverty mentality” and “poverty thinking.” We must eradicate the “poverty” that exists in our minds before we can eradicate it in the regions we govern, before we can help the people and the nation out of poverty and embark on road to prosperity.
《习近平谈治国理政》
作为更全面完整阐释习近平治国理政理念和思想的全球超级畅销书，外文局透露，《习近平谈治国理政》自2014年9月出版发行以来，在国内外引起热烈反响，目前已出版21个语种，累计发行642万册，发行到世界160多个国家和地区。
According to Zhang Fuhai, Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 6.42 million copies of the book - which has been published in 21 languages in more than 160 countries and regions - have been distributed so far worldwide.
该书收录了习近平从2012年11月至2014年6月的79篇讲话、谈话、演讲、答问等，被国际社会评为“了解当代中国的重要窗口、寻找中国问题答案的一把钥匙”。
The book, comprising 79 articles and speeches in 18 categories from Nov 15, 2012, to June 13, 2014, is seen as a key read for China watchers.
外文出版社的外国专家大卫·弗格森说这本书是第一次在任的中国领导人用多语种向世界讲述他的哲学、理念和他的重大计划。
"This is the first time a serving leader of China has made his philosophy, his ideas and his programs available to the international community in (so many) multiple languages," said David Ferguson, a Scottish writer, translator and foreign expert with the publishing group.
这本书为什么这么受欢迎呢？他解释说：
目前全世界聚焦于对中国的关注，也有很多期待。这本书能回答他们的关切，让他们明白接下来该期待些什么。
An enormous amount of international attention is being paid to China at the moment. There are huge expectations of China. The world wants to know what to expect of China under the current leadership.
★ 全书的18个部分
一、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义
Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
二、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦
The Chinese Dream
三、全面深化改革
All-round and deeper-level reform
四、促进经济持续健康发展
Economic development
五、建设法治中国
Rule of Law
六、建设社会主义文化强国
Culturally advanced China
七、推进社会事业和社会管理改革发展
Social undertakings
八、建设生态文明
Ecological progress
九、推进国防和军队现代化
National defense
十、丰富 “一国两制”实践和推进祖国统一
“One Country, Two Systems”
十一、走和平发展道路
Peaceful development
十二、推动构建新型大国关系
New model of major-country relations
十三、做好周边外交工作
Neighborhood diplomacy
十四、加强与发展中国家团结合作
Cooperation with developing countries
十五、积极参与多边事务
Multilateral relations
十六、密切党同人民群众联系
Close ties with the people
十七、推进反腐倡廉建设
Combat corruption
十八、提高党的领导水平
The CPC leadership
★ 原文摘选
❶ 这个重大责任，就是对民族的责任。
We are taking on this important responsibility for the nation.
我们的民族是伟大的民族。在五千多年的文明发展历程中，中华民族为人类文明进步做出了不可磨灭的贡献。
Ours is a great nation. Throughout 5,000 years of development, the Chinese nation has made significant contributions to the progress of human civilization.
我们的责任，就是要团结带领全党全国各族人民，接过历史的接力棒，继续为实现中华民族伟大复兴而努力奋斗，使中华民族更加坚强有力地自立于世界民族之林，为人类作出新的更大的贡献。
Our responsibility is to rally and lead the entire Party and the people of all China’s ethnic groups in taking on this task and continuing to pursue the goal of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, so that China can stand firmer and stronger among the world’s nations, and made new and greater contributions to mankind.
❷ 人民是历史的创造者，群众是真正的英雄。人民群众是我们力量的源泉。
The people are the creators of history. They are the real heroes and the source of our strength.
我们深深知道，每个人的力量是有限的，但只要我们万众一心、众志成城，就没有克服不了的困难；每个人的工作时间是有限的，但全心全意为人民服务是无限的。
We are fully aware that the capability of any individual is limited, but as long as we unite as one like a fortress, there is no difficulty we cannot overcome. One can only work for a limited period of time, but there is no limit to serving the people with dedication.
❸ 中国需要更多地了解世界，世界也需要更多地了解中国。
China needs to learn more about the rest of the world, and the outside world needs to learn about China.
专家谈两书翻译
外文出版社集中组织了人数众多、也很强大的翻译和审校团队来呈现《习近平谈治国理政》和《摆脱贫困》的多种版本。原总编辑徐明强是如上两本书英文版的定稿专家。
外文出版社原总编辑徐明强
他曾在中国翻译协会举办的讲座上说，他的原则是“用最简单朴实的语言，让读者看懂。”
徐说人们在正常交流中，2000个词汇量就足够用了。而我们的外宣对象和读者都是普通人，他们不喜欢大词，不喜欢外语词、冷僻的词，所以要避免。
另外，要注意中英两种语言的不同特点，少用形容词、副词；用好动词，用好英文的动词比什么都强。还有标题不能翻译得太长。
除了给书加上索引、注释等，因为作者善用典，徐明强特别强调典故成语的翻译。
他提出的方法有：直译、相对应的英文成语、加解释、加注释、意译。
下面来看几个例子。
直译
★ 得民心者得天下，失民心者失天下
As an old Chinese saying goes, "Those who win the people's hearts win the country, and those who lose the people's hearts lose the country. "
用对应的英文成语
★ 事在人为
Where there is a will there is a way.
★ 江山易改，本性难移
It's easier to change the course of a river than to change a person's nature.
★ 三个臭皮匠， 顶个诸葛亮
Two heads are better than one.
★ 桃李不言，下自成蹊
A man of true worth attracts admiration.
加解释
一些成语和典故不好翻译的时候，加一句话来解释，就比较容易懂。
★ 盲人骑瞎马，夜半临深池
The blind man on a blind horse who is in danger of falling into a deep pool at night – an imprudent and inadvisable course of action, however courageous.
加注释
韦编三绝、悬梁刺股，凿壁借光等故事，中国人都知道，但对于外国人来说就很难理解。怎么办？我们想办法把意思和故事翻译到文章里面，但太长了，就采取了加注释这个办法，不然整个行文就不好看了。
以韦编三绝、悬梁刺股的毅力，以凿壁借光、囊萤映雪的劲头，努力扩大知识半径，既读有字之书，也读无字之书，砥砺道德品质，掌握真才实学，练就过硬本领。
You should keep the perseverance and diligence in reading as related in stories of Confucius (4), Sun Jing and Su Qin (5), Kuang Heng (6), and Che Yin and Sun Kang (7). You should learn by reading and from other people's practical experiences with equal devotion, temper your moral character, and make yourselves competent and well-versed in genuine skills.
注：此处（4）、（5）、（6）、（7）都指原书中的注释编号
意译
盖有非常之功，必待非常之人。思皇多士，生此王国。王国克生，维周之桢；济济多士，文王以宁。
To accomplish extraordinary feats, we must wait for extraordinary persons. As described inThe Book of Songs, King Wen of the Zhou Dynasty respected competent people, who hence flocked to him, so his country became strong and prosperous. Respecting them has long been a fine Chinese tradition.
专家谈感受
最让外国专家弗格森感兴趣的，也觉得价值非凡的，是《习近平谈治国理政》后面的那篇附录：《“人民群众是我们力量的源泉”——记中共中央总书记习近平》，源于新华社2012年12月发的一篇人物特稿。
弗格森说：
大多数中国的政治书籍都主要围绕事实和数据写作，因为缺少一些人的元素，可能读起来会比较枯燥并趋于概念化。《习近平谈治国理政》的附录讲述了不少像他年轻的时候在陕北农村插队的经历……这些细节让我们了解到他在现实中的作风是多么务实。
Often, Chinese political writing is all facts and figures. It is dry and conceptual, and lacks the human element that we value in the West. But the Appendix from Xi's book tells the story of Xi's experiences from his youth as an ‘intellectual being re-educated’ in rural Shaanxi. This story enables you to ... see Xi as the very down-to-earth person he is in reality.
在《清清白白做人》（Son of a Revolutionary Family; a Good Husband）这一部分里，也记录了一些温暖的细节。
★ 原文摘选
彭丽媛作为军旅歌唱家，经常要接受任务奔赴外地慰问演出，很多都是边远艰苦地区，有时一走就是二三个月，习近平总是十分牵挂。只要条件允许，无论多晚，习近平每天都要跟妻子至少通一次电话，互致平安后才放心休息，几十年来一直如此。
As a member of the People’s Liberation Army, Peng was often tasked with staging performances in remote areas. These tours sometimes kept her on the road for two to three months at a time. Always concerned about his wife, Xi would phone her before bedtime almost every night, no matter how late it was.
每逢除夕，彭丽媛总要参加中央电视台的春节联欢晚会演出，在外地工作的习近平只要回北京过年，就总是边看节目边包饺子，等她演出结束回家后才煮饺子一起吃。彭丽媛说习近平是“称职的丈夫”、“称职的父亲”，对他也非常关心体贴。一有机会与丈夫团聚，她就要操持柴米油盐，想法子变花样给他做可口的饭菜。
On Chinese New Year’s Eve, Peng would often perform at the Spring Festival Gala presented by China Central Television. Xi would make dumplings while watching the show and wait for her return to have the family feast.
在彭丽媛眼中，丈夫既是一个与众不同的人，也是一个普通的人。他喜欢吃陕西、山东家常菜，朋友聚会时还会喝酒助兴。他喜欢游泳、登山，爱看篮球、足球、拳击等比赛，有时也会在深夜看电视转播的体育节目。
To Peng, Xi is both a unique and a very ordinary person. He favors home-made cooking in the Shaanxi and Shandong cuisines, and also enjoys a drink during parties or with friends. He likes swimming, mountaineering, and watching basketball, football and boxing matches. Sometimes he stays up late watching sports on television.
《摆脱贫困》附有一个跋，习近平在里面写道：
我是崇尚行动的。
I’m advocating action.