IPCC最新报告速递，关于空气与气候协同的六大重点 | 蓝天观察局
3月20日，政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）发布《第六次评估报告综合报告——气候变化2023》，报告指出，相比五年前，气候变化挑战变得愈加严峻，需要尽早开展行动。报告同时也指出，目前已有多种可行且有效的解决方案，其中关于空气与气候协同的六大重点如下：
01
“Deep, rapid and sustained reductions in GHG emissions would lead to improvements in air quality within a few years, to reductions in trends of global surface temperature discernible after around 20 years, and over longer time periods for many other climate impact-drivers (high confidence).”(P34)
深度、快速、持续地减少温室气体排放带来的收益是长期的。在短期，实施减少温室气体排放的措施可以同时带来空气质量的改善；大约20年后，温升的下降趋势开始显现；而在长期，温室气体减排还能够减少其他气候影响，比如热浪、洪水等。
02
“Targeted reductions of air pollutant emissions lead to more rapid improvements in air quality compared to reductions in GHG emissions only” (P34)
改善空气质量与减缓气候变化的协同效益并不能靠“顺其自然”。在制定减少温室气体排放措施时，有针对性地采取同时能够减少空气污染物排放的措施，才可以更快改善空气质量。
03
“Changes in short-lived climate forcers (SLCF) resulting from the five considered scenarios lead to an additional net global warming in the near and long term (high confidence). Simultaneous stringent climate change mitigation and air pollution control policies limit this additional warming and lead to strong benefits for air quality (high confidence). ”(P34)
在不同排放情景下（非常低、低、中等、高、非常高），短寿命气候强迫因子（SLCF），比如甲烷(CH4)、气溶胶和臭氧前体物等都会导致全球净增温。如果同时实施严格的减缓气候变化和治理大气污染的政策，可以限制这种净增温效应，并且因空气质量改善带来的收益也是巨大的。
04
“Mitigation actions will have other sustainable development co-benefits (high confidence). Mitigation will improve air quality and human health in the near-term notably…… The economic benefits for human health from air quality improvement arising from mitigation action can be of the same order of magnitude as mitigation costs, and potentially even larger (medium confidence).”(P59)
气候变化减缓行动将带来其他可持续发展相关的协同效益。减缓措施将在短期显著改善空气质量和人体健康。采取气候变化减缓行动需要成本，但行动带来的空气质量改善以及对健康带来的经济效益，可能与减排成本相同，甚至更大。
05
“In 2019, approximately 34% (20 GtCO2-eq) of net global GHG emissions came from the energy sector…… In the energy sector, transitions to low-emission systems will have multiple co-benefits, including improvements in air quality and health.”（P10）
2019年，全球约34%（200亿吨CO2当量）的温室气体净排放来自能源行业。应对气候变化需要能源行业迅速而深度的转型，这一过程也将产生协同效益，包括改善空气质量和健康。
06
“Improved access to clean energy sources and technologies, and shifts to active mobility (e.g., walking and cycling) and public transport can deliver socioeconomic, air quality and health benefits, especially for women and children.”（P74）
提高清洁能源和相应技术的可获得性，以及转变出行方式，比如采用公共交通、步行、骑行等更多低碳环保的出行方式，这能够同时为社会经济、空气质量和健康带来效益，妇女、儿童等人群会更为受益。