【高端访谈】李熙玉：中国应与“一带一路”共建国家进一步探索新型发展模式
备受瞩目的第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛将于本周四开幕，应中国国家主席习近平邀请，将有近40位国家与国际组织领导人齐聚北京，出席论坛。此外，法国、德国、英国、西班牙、日本、韩国以及欧盟也将派出领导人委托的高级代表与会。中国将与各方进一步凝聚共识，明确“一带一路”倡议未来方向。
China Focus以“一带一路”为主题，推出一系列海外知名人物高端访谈，今天推出对韩国成均馆大学中国研究所所长李熙玉教授的专访。
At the invitation of Chinese President Xi Jinping, nearly 40 leaders of countries and international organizations will gather in Beijing to attend the high-profile second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation on Thursday. In addition, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the European Union will also send senior representatives entrusted by their leaders. The forum offers an opportunity to consider, deliberate and determine the future of the initiative.
With the theme of Belt and Road construction, China Focus is set to launch a series of high-profile overseas interviews. Today we have an exclusive interview with Professor Lee Hee Ok, Director of the Institute of China Studies, Sungkyunkwan University.
访谈对象：李熙玉，成均馆大学中国研究所所长、教授
访谈人员：薛力，中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所研究员
访谈时间：2019年2月19日
访谈地点：成均中国研究所
Interviewee: Professor Lee Hee Ok, Director of the Institute of China Studies, Sungkyunkwan University.
Interviewer: Xue Li, Senior Fellow, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
Date: February 19, 2019.
Place: Institute of China Studies, Sungkyunkwan University.
China Focus: 在您看来，中国提出“一带一路”倡议的原因是什么？
China Focus: In your opinion, what is the reason China put forward the Belt and Road Initiative?
李熙玉: 从韩国的观点来看，中国政府正在探索新型外交政策。过去的中国主要是顺应和适应以美国为主导的国际秩序，但现在的中国开始努力推动全球化，构建新型国际关系。
Lee Hee Ok: From the Republic of Korea's (ROK) point of view, the Chinese government is looking for a new foreign policy. In the past, China mainly complied with and adapted to the international order dominated by the United States. But now it has begun to strive to promote globalization and build a new type of international relations.
另外，中国认识到应该扩大中国经济的范围和外延，那么周边就是中国要确保的桥头堡。中国不追求霸权，以国际关系民主化为目标，“一带一路”倡议便是中国在这段探索新型国际关系和国际经济秩序过程中的“长期计划”。
In addition, China recognized that the scope and extension of its economy should be expanded, which means that the periphery is the bridgehead that it wants to ensure. China does not seek hegemony and aims at the democratization of international relations. The Belt and Road Initiative is China's "long-term plan" in this prolonged exploration of new international relations and global economic order.
▲ 2019年4月10日，首列陆海新通道铁海联运出口印度专列在重庆顺利发车。
The first special train carrying cargo to India along the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor sets off from Chongqing on April 10, 2019.
China Focus: 您如何评价“一带一路”倡议？
China Focus: How do you evaluate the Belt and Road Initiative?
李熙玉: 中国采取了更加开放的姿态去处理国际经济秩序，这是一个很好的信号。从韩国的角度来看，过去中国的经济相对封闭，但“一带一路”更倾向多边、开放、互惠。“一带一路”的主要目标是周边地区，周边地区大部分是发展中国家，经济上比较落后，中国在不强迫他们以中国模式去发展的同时，让他们从中获得红利或好处，这点也让人认可。
Lee Hee Ok: It is a good sign that China has taken a more open stance in dealing with the international economic order. From the perspective of the ROK, China's economy used to be relatively closed. But the Belt and Road Initiative is more multilateral, open and mutually beneficial. The main goal of this initiative is China's surrounding areas, most of which are developing countries with comparatively backward economies. China does not force them to develop under a Chinese model; instead it allows them to reap dividends or benefits from the initiative, which is widely accepted in those countries.
但是“一带一路”仍然需要一些有魅力的领航项目，因为现在的蓝图不是看得见摸得着的，没能让人产生真实感。
But the Belt and Road Initiative still needs some attractive pilotage projects, as the current blueprint is neither visible nor palpable, failing to arouse a sense of reality among people.
China Focus: 您觉得“一带一路”倡议提出后，中国的外交政策是否发生了变化？
China Focus: Do you think China's foreign policy has changed since the Belt and Road Initiative was put forward?
李熙玉: 中国的外交政策发生了变化。首先是，中国更加重视周边外交。在这一过程中，中国与周边国家可以形成共同利益，实现互利共赢。中国提出了区别于美国单边主义的新型国际关系， 也就是强调双向互动的外交。
Lee Hee Ok: China's foreign policy has indeed changed. First of all, it attaches greater importance to peripheral diplomacy. In this process China and neighboring countries can form common interests and achieve win-win effects. China has put forward a new type of international relations different from the U.S. unilateralism, that is, China's diplomacy emphasizes two-way interaction.
China Focus: 您觉得“一带一路”倡议提出后，中国的国家形象有什么变化？
China Focus: What do you think has changed in China's national image since the Belt and Road Initiative was put forward?
李熙玉: 中国在外交上更加开放，更加国际化。随着经济规模的不断扩大，中国需要持续改善与其他国家的关系。
Lee Hee Ok: Now China is more open and international in diplomacy. As its economy continues to expand, China needs to improve its relations with other countries continuously.
▲ 2019年3月3日, 乘客们准备登上从河北石家庄飞往俄罗斯莫斯科的首架直飞航班。（图/新华社）
Passengers get ready to board the first direct flight from Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, to Moscow, Russia, on March 3, 2019. (Photo/Xinhua)
China Focus: 习近平主席把“一带一路”称作“世纪工程”，这意味着“一带一路”建设将是个长期过程。在您看来，在“一带一路”建设的可持续性方面有什么问题？该如何解决？
China Focus: President Xi Jinping has called the Belt and Road Initiative the “Project of the Century”, which means that the construction of the initiative will be a long-term process. In your opinion, what are the sustainability problems during the construction of the initiative? How should they be solved?
李熙玉: 从历史的角度来看，丝绸之路有着非常悠久的历史，即使在21世纪也依然有它存在的价值，现在中国以开放、合作、共同治理为目标，在过去的基础上对古丝绸之路的规划做出了改善。
Lee Hee Ok: From a historical point of view, the Silk Road boasts a very long history and still has its value even in the 21st century. Now China aims at opening-up, cooperation and common governance. Based on the past, the planning of the ancient Silk Road has been modified.
中国应该进一步改进与“一带一路”共建国家的合作方式，探索新型的发展模式，包括新的内容、新的形式等等。例如，现在中国在5G技术、大数据、人工智能等方面发展很快，韩国也相信这些领域将是未来一段时间里发展的主要方向。那么中国可以利用这种优势，与周边发展中国家进行一种跨越式的合作，也就是打破传统的合作，探索在新领域或是以新的形式进行合作。例如，爱沙尼亚曾经将引入先进技术作为国家战略，成就了它的跨越式增长。现在，朝鲜也非常关注跨越式经济增长的可能性。
China should further improve its way of cooperation with Belt and Road Initiative countries to seek new development models, including new contents, new forms and so on. For example, China is now moving rapidly in 5G technology, big data, artificial intelligence, etc., which the ROK also believes will be the main development orientation for some time to come. China can take advantage of such strengths and carry out a leap-forward cooperation with neighboring developing countries, that is, break traditional cooperation and explore new fields or forms of cooperation. Estonia, for instance, used to introduce advanced technology as a national strategy to achieve its leap-forward growth. And now the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is also very concerned about the possibility of leap-forward economic growth.
▲ 港珠澳大桥广东省珠海段。（图/中国日报）
The Zhuhai section of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge in Guangdong province. (Photo/China Daily)
中国可以构建和传播一些国际话语，顺应开放的时代精神。但是这种话语不能止于“话语”，要成为有魅力，传播性强，也要有较高的接受度的有影响力的国际话语。这其实对于中国是一个很好的机会。
China can build and disseminate certain international discourse conforming to the spirit of open times. However, it cannot stop at simply being a "discourse," it should be made an attractive, propagative and influential international discourse with a high degree of acceptance. That is actually a good opportunity for China.
编辑 / 蔡海若
Editor / Cai Hairuo
图片 / 网络
美编 / 高铭
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