【顶级期刊创业研究速递】SEJ 2018年12月文献中英文摘要

Fire in the belly Employee motives and innovative performance in start‐ups versus established firms

积极推动:员工动机和新创企业与成熟企业的创新绩效

作者：

Henry Sauermann1, 2

1 ESMT Berlin, Berlin, Germany

2 National Bureau of Economic Research,Cambridge, Massachusetts

摘要：

本文对新创企业相比小公司或大型成熟企业是否会吸引具有不同财务和非财务动机的员工进行了研究。随后本文探讨了这种员工动机的差异是否会导致不同公司类型之间的创新绩效差异。利用10000多名美国研发人员的数据，本文研究发现新创企业员工（“加入者”）对工作保障和工资的重视程度较低，但更重视独立性和责任。新创企业员工的专利产出高于公司和大型成熟企业的员工，这种差异部分是由员工的动机所决定的——特别是“加入者”更愿意承担风险。本文讨论了研究发现对该领域的影响以及关注创业和创新中人力资本供给的管理者和决策者。  

We examine whether start-ups attract employees with different pecuniary and non-pecuniary motives than small or large established firms. We then explore whether such differences in employee motives may lead to differences in innovative performance across firm types. Using data on more than 10,000 U.S. R&D employees, we find that start-up employees (“joiners”) place lower importance on job security and salary but greater importance on independence and responsibility. Start-up employees have higher patent output than employees in small and large established firms, and this difference is partly mediated by employee motives—especially joiners’ greater willingness to bear risk. We discuss implications for research as well as for managers and policy makers concerned with the supply of human capital to entrepreneurship and innovation.

Cascading ripples Contagion effects of entrepreneurial activity on self‐employment attitudes and choices in regional cohorts

层叠的涟漪：地区群体中的创业活动对自我雇佣态度和选择的传染效应

作者：

Boris N. Nikolaev 1 | Matthew S. Wood 2

1 Department of Entrepreneurship, Hankamer School of Business, Baylor University, Waco,Texas

2 Department of Entrepreneurship, Hankamer School of Business, Baylor University, Waco,Texas

摘要：

本文引入了自我雇佣的传染模型，将地区群体自我雇佣与个人创业行动的偏好和决策联系起来。本文通过两个研究的证据来检验模型的预测性。研究1使用了美国一般社会调查数据库（the U.S. General Social Survey，GSS），检验了地区群体自我雇佣与个体自我雇佣偏好之间的关系。研究2使用了澳大利亚家庭、收入和劳动力动态调查数据（the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey），检验了转化为自我雇佣的可能性作为地区群体创业的函数。本文的研究提供了这样的证据，即处在拥有更高比例创业者地区群体中的个体而言，更可能表现出对自我雇佣偏好和自我雇佣行为。

We introduce a contagion model of self-employment that relates regional cohort self-employment to individuals’ preferences for and decisions toward engaging in entrepreneurial action. We test the predictions of our model via evidence from two studies. Study 1 uses cross-sectional data from the U.S. General Social Survey (GSS) and examines the correlation between regional cohort self-employment and individuals’ attitudes for self-employment. Study 2 uses longitudinal data from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey and examines the likelihood of transitioning into self-employment as a function of regional cohort entrepreneurship. Our results provide evidence that individuals who belong to regional cohorts with a greater proportion of entrepreneurs are more likely to express favorable attitudes toward self-employment and to enter into self-employment.

Entrepreneurial orientation as a driver of brokerage in external networks Exploring the effects of risk taking, proactivity, and innovativeness

创业导向作为外部网络经纪位置的驱动因素，探索冒险、积极性和创新性的效应

作者：

Olaf N. Rank 1 | Michael Strenge 2

1 Institute of Economics, Chair of Organization and HRM, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany

2 Capgemini Consulting, Cologne, Germany

摘要：

本文研究了企业获得外部知识网络的经纪位置的倾向在多大程度上受到创业导向的影响。特别的，本文比较了企业总体创业导向以及个体创业导向维度（比如冒险、积极性和创新性）对经纪位置的影响。使用案例研究设计，调查数据来自德国光子学行业的公司集群。应用一类指数随机图模型，本文研究结果表明企业整体创业导向水平不会影响其获得经纪位置的倾向。相比之下，经纪地位与企业商业方面的冒险意愿正相关，而明确的创新导向则会降低其经纪地位的倾向。

In this article, we examine to what extent a firm's propensity to acquire brokerage positions in its external knowledge networks is driven by its entrepreneurial orientation. Specifically, we compare the influence of a firm's overall entrepreneurial orientation (EO) to the effects that the individual EO dimensions (i.e., risk taking, proactivity, and innovativeness) have on brokerage. Using a case study design, survey data was gathered from a company cluster in the German photonics industry. Applying a class of exponential random graph models, our results suggest that a firm's overall level of EO does not affect its propensity to obtain a brokerage position. In contrast, brokerage is positively influenced by a firm's willingness to take business-related risks, whereas a pronounced orientation toward innovation seems to reduce brokerage.

Strategic entrepreneurial orientation Configurations, performance, and the effects of industry and time

战略创业导向：配置，绩效，产业与时间效应

作者：

Aaron F. McKenny1 | Jeremy C. Short2 | David J. Ketchen Jr.3 |G. Tyge Payne4 | Todd W. Moss5

1 UCF College of Business Administration,Orlando, Florida

2 University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma

3 Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama

4 Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas

5 Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York

摘要：

战略创业学研究致力于理解企业创业行为和决策对企业绩效的影响。通常该类研究会将创业导向视为由多个影响企业绩效的维度构成。这种方法与管理者接受复杂的知识结构等概念和实证研究结果相冲突。采用配置视角来解释创业导向维度之间的关系，本文分析了四个技术产业的399家企业的纵向数据来揭示不同创业导向类型——使用模糊集定性比较分析确认——导致基于产业、时间和测量相关因素的更高或者更低企业绩效。

Strategic entrepreneurship research has sought to understand how firms' entrepreneurial behaviors and decision making influence firm performance. Generally this research has treated entrepreneurial orientation (EO) as consisting of dimensions that independently influence firm performance. This approach conflicts with conceptual and empirical work suggesting that managers embrace complex knowledge structures. Taking a configurational perspective that accounts for relations among the EO dimensions, we analyze a longitudinal sample of 399 firms in four technology industries to reveal how different EO patterns—identified using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis—lead to higher or lower firm performance based on industrial-, temporal-,and measurement-related factors.

Arm's‐length or give‐and‐take Gender differences in the relational orientation of new ventures in Sub‐Saharan Africa

公平交易或者礼尚往来：撒哈拉以南非洲新创企业关系导向的性别差异

作者：

Anthonia O. Uzuegbunam 1 | Ikenna Uzuegbunam 2

1 Department of Public Administration, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

2 Department of Management & Center for Entrepreneurship, College of Business, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio

摘要：

新兴经济体的女性创业者在经营商业方面面临着严重限制。利用尼日利亚和加纳的两个新企业样本，本文探讨了创业者与客户的市场互动的关系导向的性别差异。本文观察到，女性创业者相比男性创业者更有可能在收到货物和服务付款以及购买合同结构中采用关系导向方法。这些风格化的研究结果考虑了现有文献的背景，并提供了女创业者与客户进行交易的方式见解，特别是在撒哈拉以南的非洲新兴市场企业情境下。

Women entrepreneurs in emerging economies face significant constraints in operating their businesses. Leveraging two samples of new ventures in Nigeria and Ghana, we explore gender differences in the relational orientation of entrepreneurs in their market interactions with customers. We observe that female entrepreneurs are more likely than their male counterparts to apply a relational approach in the receipt of payments for goods and services and in the structure of purchase contracts. These stylized findings are considered against the backdrop of existing literature and offer insight into the ways women entrepreneurs approach transactions with customers, especially in the context of emerging market ventures in Sub-Saharan Africa.

END

作者：刘志阳，系上海财经大学商学院副院长、创业学院执行副院长、中国社会创业研究中心主任

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