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人教版|高中英语必修4Unit1解析(二)

2018-01-25 外语教学必备的 外语教师联盟


 

资讯|教学|备课|语法|答疑

每一个爱孩子的外语老师

置顶了外语教师联盟

 




教学背景

本单元话题——女人的成就(Women of achievement)。1914年,当女权运动领袖潘克郝斯特夫人在英国展开争取妇女选举权的斗争,至今为止近一百年的时间里,女性运动与女性成就让这个世界发生了革命性改变。当我们纵观世界历史,不难发现,伴随着近200年人类文明长河的流淌,一个又一个杰出的女性人物用她们的光芒与历史的天空交相辉应。她们或优雅尊贵、或追求个性独立,或用超凡的气质魅力影响大众,她们无一例外是所处年代的焦点与明星人物。


疑难追踪


1.She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education.(P1)

难句解读

她帮助改善监狱的条件,还为囚犯们提供工作和受教育的机会。


condition

在这里是“条件”的意思。condition作“环境;情况;现状”讲时,是可数名词,常用复数形式;condition意为“状况;情况;现状”时,是不可数名词。condition的常用结构有:

be in good condition 处于良好的状态;

be out of condition 健康状况不佳;

on condition that 如果,在……条件下;

on no condition一点也不,绝不。

例如:

The price was reasonable, and the house was in good condition.

价格合理,并且房子的状况良好。


I have had no exercise for ages, I'm really out of condition.

我已多时没运动了,现在健康状况欠佳。


You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat.

你要穿上外衣才能出去。

难点深究

condition,situation和state的区别:

condition作“现状,状况”讲时,指人或物所处的状态,通常用作不可数名词,常用的结构有:

in good condition状态良好;

in bad/poor condition状态差;

out of condition状态不佳;

situation指在一定时间内由各种情况造成的“形势,处境”;state侧重指人或物所处的状态或状况,可与condition换用,此外state还可表示心理、思想感情等状态。


例如:

The condition of his health prevents him from working.

他的健康状况不容许他工作。


The two leaders talked over the political situation of the day.

两位领导人讨论了目前的政局。


She was in a terrible state when we arrived.

我们抵达时,她情绪很不好。


2.She devoted all her life to  medical work for Chinese women and children.(P1)

难句解读

她把自己的毕生精力奉献给了中国妇女和儿童的医疗事业。


devote…to

是“……献身于;致力于”的意思,其中的to为介词,其后只能接名词或是v-ing形式,而不能是动词原形。devote…to…也可转化为:be devoted to sth./sb.热爱/全心全意对待/忠实于某人/某事。

例如:

He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.

他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。


His whole life has been devoted to studying the origin of cancer.

他的一生都献给了对癌症起因的研究。

难点深究

devote…to…与contribute…to的区别:

devote…to…是“把……专用于”,“专心致力于”的意思,强调致力于、集中;contribute…to是“为(某事)出一份力,为(某事)捐款,有助于”的意思,强调贡献。


例如:

She has devoted herself to the medical science.

她一直致力于医学研究。


I don't think we should devote any more time to this question.

我认为我们在这个问题上不应该花费太多的时间。


All the students in the school contributed to the building of the bridge.

这所学校所有的学生都为建造这座桥捐了款。


The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions to world civilization.

宋朝为世界文明贡献出了三大发明。


3.Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they  behave  like humans.(P2)

难句解读

简已经研究这些黑猩猩家族很多年了,她帮助人们了解了黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么地相似。


behave

既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词,是“举动,(举止或行为)表现”的意思,其名词形式为behaviour,是“行为,举止,习性”的意思。behave的常用表达有:

behave well举止得体;

behave badly行为不端;

behave oneself表现良好,行为良好。

例如:

It's hard to train children to behave well at the table.

培养儿童用餐时举止得体是很困难的。


Behave yourself, don't make a fool of yourself.

注意你的举止,别闹出笑话来。


She was ashamed of her children's (bad) behavio (u)r.

她因为她的孩子不规矩而感到羞愧。

难点深究

behavio(u)r与conduct作“行为”讲时的区别:

behavio(u)r的用法较conduct普遍,含义较广,无复数形式,可用来指一切好的或坏的行为。conduct主要指用道德标准衡量的正当或不正当的品行,常常指违反规定的行为,也可指高尚的行为。


例如:

His good behavio(u)r deserves praise.

他的好品行值得称赞。


The prisoner was released early because of good conduct.

这名罪犯因表现良好提前获释。


4.However, the evening makes it all worthwhile.(P2)

难句解读

到傍晚时分我们就觉得这一切都是值得的。


worthwhile

为形容词,是“值得的,值得做的”意思。

例如:

I think it worthwhile reading that book.

我认为那本书值得一读。


It's worthwhile taking the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees.

给新雇员详细解释一下工作要求,费点事也是值得的。

难点深究

worth,worthy to,worthy of,

worthwhile 的区别:

worth是“值得”的意思,一般看作介词,其后通常接(钱数、时间、精力之类的)名词或动名词。接动名词时,其主动形式,表达的是被动的含义;worthy to和worthy of除表示“值得”的意义外,还有“配得上,相称”的意思。前者后接被动不定式或主动不定式,后者通常接名词(不接钱数的名词)或动名词的被动形式;worthwhile为形容词,可用作表语,其主语可以是名词、代词、动名词或不定式,亦可用作定语。


例如:

Our house is worth about$50,000.

我们的房子约值50,000美元。


The book is worth reading./It's worth reading the book.

这本书值得一读。


The research work is worth our while.

我们在这项研究工作上花了精力是值得的。


The question is worthy to be discussed.

这个问题值得讨论。


It is a thing worthy to be seen.

这件东西值得一看。


He is worthy to consider this question.

他是完全能够考虑这个问题的。


Their efforts are worthy of your

support.

他们这样努力应得到你的支持。


He who does his duty is worthy of praising.

凡是忠于职守的人都值得奖励。


You'd better spend your time on some worthwhile reading.

你最好把时间花在读一些有价值的书上。


This is a worthwhile experiment.

这是一项值得进行的实验。


5.She spent years  observing  and recording their daily activities.(P2)

难句解读

她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。


observe

为及物动词,是“看到,注意到;观察,观测;遵守”的意思,同时还有“奉行;庆祝(节日等)”的意思。observe的名词形式为observation,意为“观察”。observe常用的句型结构有:observe sb. do sth. 注意到/观察到某人做某事;sb.be observed to do sth. 某人被发现做了某事;observe+that从句。

例如:

They carefully observed the behavior of deer.

他们仔细观察了鹿的生活习性。


He observed a stranger hanging around the store.

他看到一个陌生人在商店附近闲逛。


This law must be strictly observed.

这项法律必须严格遵守。


Some people observe Christmas here.

在这儿有些人过圣诞节。


Mr. Wang  observed the thief open the window  and run away.

王先生看到小偷打开窗户逃跑了。(主动语态)


The thief was observed to open  the window and run away.

有人发现贼开窗户逃跑了。(被动语态中to不能省略)

难点深究

observe,notice,pay attention to的区别:

observe重在“观察,仔细地看”,其意义相当于watch carefully,see and notice;notice意为“注意到,看到”,重在指“注意到”这一客观事实,无意识的行为;pay attention to表示主观上主动的“注意”或“留意”。


例如:

He closely observed every detail of their actions.

他仔细观察了他们动作的每个细节。


She observed that the pond was drying up.

她注意到池塘在干涸。


You must pay attention to your teacher in class.

上课的时候你必须专心听老师讲课。


You should pay attention to your spelling.

你要注意拼写。


I noticed that she was tired.

我注意到她累了。


I noticed him enter the office.

我注意到他进了办公室。


6.For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.(P2)

难句解读

40年来,简·古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。


respect

既可作名词也可作动词,是“尊敬,敬重”的意思。其形容词形式为respectable,意为“体面的,有身份的,正派的,值得尊敬的”。respect的常用结构有:

respect for敬重,尊敬;

respect sb./sth. for sth.因某事尊敬或敬重某人(某事物);

show respect for sb./sth.向某人/某事物致敬;

win/earn/gain the respect of sb.赢得某人尊敬;

out of respect 出于尊敬。

例如:

I have the greatest respect for Jane's judgment.

我非常钦佩简的眼光。


Mary always told us exactly what she thought, and we respected her for that.

玛丽总是与我们坦诚相见,为此我们敬佩她。


With his decisive handling of the dispute, he had won the respect of everyone.

由于果断处理了纠纷,他赢得了大家的尊敬。


Let's make you look a bit more respectable before you go out.

让我们把你打扮得更体面些你再出去。

难点深究

respectable,respectful,respected和respective的区别:

这几个词均为形容词,除respective外,其余词根都为respect。respectable表示被动含义,意为“可敬的”,或指“(社会地位、财产等)受人尊敬的”;respectful表示主动含义,是“对……恭敬的,尊敬的”的意思;respected是表达被动含义,过去分词定语表示被动多用于修饰人,respectable表示受人尊敬的可能性,但未必被respected;respective是“分别的,各自的”的意思,其后常接名词的复数形式,与其他词的意义差别较大。


例如:

It's not respectable to be drunk on the street.

在大街上醉倒是不体面的。


She is a respectable teacher.

她是一位可敬的老师。


I hope you would be more respectful to your father.

我希望你对父亲有礼貌些。


The musician was respected by people in his country.

这位音乐家受到了本国人民的尊敬。


We all went back to our respective homes after playing.

游戏之后我们都回了各自的家中。


7.She has  argued  that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.(P2)

难句解读

她一直主张它们(黑猩猩)应该留在野外生活,而不为娱乐和广告所利用。


argue

既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词,意为“争论;争吵;争辩”,argument为其名词形式。argue的相关搭配有:

argue for为……辩护;

argue against 据理反对,争辩;

argue with sb. about/over sth.就某事和某人争论;

argue with sb.与某人争辩;

argue sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事/接受某种意见;

argue sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事/打消某种念头;

have an argument with sb. about sth.就某事和某人争论。

例如:

We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.

我们跟服务员争执那顿饭的价钱。


I argued that we needed a larger office.

我据理力争我们需要大一点的办公室。


Louise argued me into buying a new mobile phone.

路易斯说服了我买一部新手机。


8.She  inspires  those who want to cheer the achievements of women.(P2)

难句解读

她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。


inspire

为及物动词,是“鼓舞,激励;赋予灵感/启示;激起;唤起(感情、思想等)”的意思,名词为inspiration。inspiring和inspired分别为其形容词形式,inspiring是“令人鼓舞的”意思,inspired意为“受到鼓舞的”。inspire的常用结构有:

inspire sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事;

inspire sth. in sb./inspire sb.with sth.使某人产生某种感情,激发某人的某种感情。

例如:

I hope this success will inspire you to greater efforts.

希望这次成功能激励你更加努力。


His speech inspired us to try again.

他的演讲鼓舞了我们再作尝试。


Her encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me./Her encouraging remarks inspired me confidence.

她的一番鼓励激起了我的信心。 

 

Genius is 10% inspiration and 90% perspiration(hard work).

天才是10%的灵感加上90%的勤奋。

难点深究

inspiring和inspired分别为inspire的现在分词和过去分词形式,均可作形容词来用,在句子中可充当定语、表语、宾语补足语等。英语中类似的词还有:tire,move,encourage,interest,surprise,disappoint,astonish等。分词主要体现了语态的不同。现在分词含主动意味,含有“具有令人……的特性”的意思,一般用物作主语;而过去分词有被动意味,含有“受到影响而感到……”的意思,一般用人作主语。


例如:

The inspiring speech moved them into action.

那鼓舞人心的讲话使他们行动起来。


She looked astonished when she heard the news.

她听到那消息显得很吃惊。


I find it quite astonishing that none of you like the play.

我感到惊讶的是你们谁都不喜欢那个剧。


9.Many people look down upon poor people.(P4)

难句解读

很多人瞧不起穷人。


look down upon/on是“蔑视,瞧不起”之意。

例如:

She looks down on people who have never been to university.

她瞧不起没上过大学的人。


He was looked down upon because of his humble background. 

他因家世卑微而被人看不起。

难点深究

由look构成的其他短语还有:

look up to尊敬,敬重;

look back回顾;

look for sth.盼望或期待某事物;

look into调查,观察;

look on旁观;

look out小心,当心;

look through sth.迅速检查某物。


10.If the word group refers to different numbers, use a plural verb.(P6)

难句解读

如果group一词指不同成员,谓语动词用复数。


refer to

有“提及,谈到;参考,查阅”等意思。

例如:

Don't refer to this matter again, please.  

请不要再提这件事了。


When I said some people are stupid, I wasn't referring to you. 

我说有些人很愚蠢,并不是指你。


If you have some questions, refer to the guidebook.  

如果你有问题请参阅旅游指南。


I referred to my watch for the exact time. 

我看了一下手表好知道准确的时间。

难点深究

refer to…as为refer的一种常用表达,意为“把……称作,认为……是”之意。


例如:

We often refer to young people as the morning sun. 

我们常把年轻人比作早晨的太阳。


11.It was a small book  explaining  how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.(P6)

难句解读

这是一本小书,介绍如何从妇女怀孕到护理婴儿的过程中降低死亡率。


本句为简单句。句中的explain how to cut the death…for babies是由现在分词短语充当的后置定语,补充说明a small book。explain意为“解释,说明”,为及物动词,其后可接名词、代词、从句或wh短语作宾语,但不能接双宾语。explain的常用结构具体为:

explain sth.to sb./explain to sb. sth. 给某人解释某事;

explain (to sb.+that 从句(/what从句);

explanation是explain的名词形式,意为“解释,给出的原因”。


care for为固定搭配,意为“照顾;照料,喜欢”,后接名词或代词。作“关心,照料”讲时,一般用于肯定句或疑问句。

例如:

He explained his point of view.

他解释了他的观点。


He briefly explained the situation to them.

他向他们简要介绍了一下情况。


I shall explain it to you later on.

我晚些时候将向你解释那件事。


They explained what had happened.

他们为所发生的事进行了辩解。


You'd better have a good explanation for your behavior.

你最好能够解释一下你的行为。


I don't care for that color.

我不喜欢那种颜色。


Who will care for that house when the family is away?

全家人都不在时,由谁来照看这房子呢?


He doesn't care for what he eats.

他对吃的东西并不讲究。

难点深究

有关care的其他常用词组的用法区别:

care about意为“关心,在意,计较”,后跟名词、动名词或从句,常用于否定句;care to do sth.是“愿意做某事”的意思;take care of意为“照顾,照料”,相当于look after,另外,take care of还有“妥善保管,对付”的意思。


例如:

Don't you care about this country's future?

难道你不为国家前途担忧吗?


Would you care to go for a walk?

你愿意散散步吗?


She takes great care of her children.

她精心照看孩子。


She doesn't take care of her money.

她没妥善保管好钱。


Don't worry; I can take care of it.

不要担心,我能对付得了。


12.I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women who lived in the countryside.(P6)

难句解读

我仔细地读了这篇文章,了解到那是为农村妇女写的。


intend

为及物动词,意为“打算;计划;想要”,intend的常用句型有:

intend to do sth.想干某事;

be intend for sb.目的为某人,专为某人而……。

例如:

I intend to get there as soon after 6 as I can.

我打算在6点后尽快赶到那里。


This book was intended for young children.

这是一本专供幼儿阅读的书。


13.There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to  deliver  a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.(P6)

难句解读

数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚如何在劳累一天之后,又在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生,而这些家庭常常是不可能给她报酬的。


本句为主从复合句。主句为There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family,注意主句中有一个介词宾语从句:how Lin Qiaozhi went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family,从句的主语Lin Qiaozhi后还有一个形容词短语充当的后置定语:tired after a day's work。介词宾语从句中还有一个从句:who could not pay her,这是一个限定性定语从句,其先行词为a poor family。deliver为及物动词,意为“给……接生,分娩;投递,传送,运送;演讲,宣布”。

例如:

Which doctor delivered the baby?

哪位医生接生了这个婴儿?


He delivered a talk on philosophy to the students.

他给学生作了一次有关哲学的讲话。


We delivered your order to your door.

我们送货上门。


He delivered an important report at the meeting.

他在会上宣读了一份重要报告。


14.However, Elizabeth was not content with her easy life and her growing family.(P45)

难句解读

但是,伊丽莎白并不满足于她舒适的生活和发展中的家庭。


content

在句中为形容词,是“知足,满足,满意,愉快”的意思,其常用结构有:

be content with sth.对某事感到满意;

content oneself with sth.满足或满意于某事物;

be content to do sth.很愿意去干某事。

例如:

Are you content with your present salary?

你对你现在的薪水满意吗?


He is content to remain where he is now.

他安于现状。


As there's no cream, we'll have to content ourselves with black coffee.

既然没有奶油,我们只好喝清咖啡算了。

难点深究

content, satisfactory的区别:

两词都可作“满意”讲,content的主语为人,表示某人对某一特殊事物的满意;satisfactory的主语为物,指某物在状态或性质方面让人满意。


例如:

He was content with his work.

他对自己的工作很满意。


His work is far from satisfactory.

他的工作完全不令人满意。



参考书目(独家授权

张鑫友. 高中《英语》教材讲与练: 人教课标版. 一年级[M]. 湖北科学技术出版社


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高中英语

人教版 · 必修2

Unit1解析(一)

Unit1解析(二)

Unit1解析(三)

Unit1解析(四)

Unit1解析(五)

Unit2解析(一)

Unit2解析(二)

Unit2解析(三)

Unit2解析(四)

Unit3解析(一)

Unit3解析(二)

Unit4解析(一)

Unit4解析(二)

Unit5解析(一)

Unit5解析(二)



人教版 · 必修3

Unit1解析(一)

Unit1解析(二)

Unit2解析(一)

Unit2解析(二)

Unit3解析(一)

Unit3解析(二)

Unit4解析(一)

Unit4解析(二)

Unit5解析(一)

Unit5解析(二)


人教版 · 必修1

Unit1解析(一)

Unit1解析(二)

Unit2解析(一)

Unit2解析(二)

Unit3解析(一)

Unit3解析(二)

Unit4解析(一)

Unit4解析(二)

Unit5解析(一)

Unit5解析(二)



初中英语

人教版 · 七年级


Starter Unit1 解析

Starter Unit2 解析

Starter Unit3 解析

Unit1 解析

Unit2 解析

Unit3 解析

Unit4 解析

Unit5 解析

Unit6 解析

Unit7 解析

Unit8 解析

Unit9 解析


人教版 · 八年级

Unit1 解析

Unit2 解析






语法专题

定语从句

(一)并列成分公共后置定语

(二)中心词与其后置定语的分隔现象

(三)多重定语从句的种类和特点

(四)引导定语从句的 “ 介词 + 关系代词 ” 结构

(五)定语从句与分词短语的转换

(六)定语从句的非定语意义

(七)限制性定从和非限制性定从的判断



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