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高一下|人教版必修3Unit5同步解析二

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人教版|高中英语必修3Unit5解析(二)

17个疑难句追踪


教学背景

本单元话题——天文学:加拿大(Canada—“The True North”)。位于北美洲最北端,英联邦国家之一,素有“枫叶之国”的美誉,首都是渥太华。加拿大是一个高度发达的资本主义国家,得益于丰富的自然资源和高度发达的科技,使其成为世界上拥有最高生活水准、社会最富裕、经济最发达的国家之一。加拿大也是世界上最大最重要的钻石生产国之一。加拿大在教育、政府的透明度、社会自由度、国民幸福感、生活水准以及经济自由度的国际排名都名列前茅。同时,加拿大也是八国集团、20国集团、北约、联合国、法语国家组织、世界贸易组织等国际组织的成员国。


疑难追踪


1.It is the second largest country in the world.(P34)

难句解读

它是世界第二大国。


“the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词” 表示 “第几大/高/长的……”的意思。“the +形容词最高级”表示“最……”;“a/an +形容词最高级”表示“很,非常”,相当于very;“the+序数词”表示“第几”;“a/an+序数词”表示“再一,又 一”。

例如:

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

黄河是中国的第二长河。


This is a most interesting film.

这是一部非常有趣的电影。


This is the first time I have been in Beijing.

这是我第一次来北京。


He has eaten two apples, and he wants to have a third one.

他已经吃了两个苹果,还想再吃一个。


2.Li daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian  were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast.(P34)

难句解读

李黛玉和她的表妹刘倩要去加拿大大西洋海岸的蒙特利尔市看望她们的表兄妹们。


on a trip 

意为“在旅行中”,属表示进行意义的介词短语。类似的结构还有:on show在展出,on duty在值日,on business在出差,on holiday在度假,on sale在出售,on fire着火,on strike在罢工。

难点深究

与“拜访”有关的常用短语动词有:

call on sb./at some place专程拜访某人/地;

drop in on sb./at some place顺道,偶然拜访;

come by/over顺便来访;

pay/give sb. a visit或pay a visit to sb.拜访某人。


例如:

I hope to call on you at the hotel at 10 this morning.

我希望今天上午10点钟到宾馆拜访你。


He called at my house last Sunday.

他上个星期天专程来我家看望我。


On my way to the park, I dropped in a friend of mine.

在去公园的路上,我顺道看望了我的一个朋友。


Come over any time, we're always in.

请随便什么时候来坐坐,我们总是在家的。


She had thought of paying us a visit, but the weather made her change her plan.

她本来想来看望我们,但由于天气不好,她改变了计划。


She paid a visit to her old friend in Beijing.

她拜访了她在北京的老朋友。


3.Rather than take the aeroplane all the way,they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across Canada.(P34)

难句解读

她们不想一路乘飞机,决定先飞到温哥华,再乘火车从西海岸到东海岸横穿加拿大。


rather than 

意为“而不是,而没有”,侧重客观上的差别,还可以表示“与其……,倒不如、宁可……”,侧重句子主语或说话人主观上的选择。

例如:

I would buy a computer rather than a motor bike.

我要买台电脑,而不是摩托车。


It ought to be me rather than you that sign the letter.

在信上签名的该是我,而不是你。


The person who should be praised is you rather than me.

该得到表扬的人是你,而不是我。


I always prefer getting up early rather than going to school without breakfast.

我总是愿意早起床,而不愿不吃早饭就去上学。

难点深究

与way相关的短语有:

all the way 一路上,一直地;

in no way 决不;

in a way从某种程度上;

by the way 顺便问一下,在途中;

by way of路经某处,途经;作为,当作;

in any/every way在任何方面/在各方面,以各种方式;

in some ways 在某些方面,在某种程度上;

in the way 挡道,碍事;

out of the way 不挡道,不碍事;

under way在进行中,在前进途中;

lose one's way  迷路;

lead the way带路,引路。


4.Going  eastward,youll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forest  as well as wide rivers and large cities.(P34)

难句解读

一路东行,你们将经过一座座高山、上千个湖泊、森林,还有宽阔的河流和许多大城市。


south,north,west,east,后加ward可作形容词或副词,后加wards可作副词。

例如:

westward(s)向西的(地)  

upward(s)向上

eastward(s)向东的(地)   

downward(s)向下

northward(s)向北的(地)  

backward(s)向后

southward(s)向南的(地)  

sideward(s)向一边

as well as表示“既……又,不但……而且,和……一样(都)”的意思。当它连接两个主语时,动词和as well as前面的主语在数上保持一致。

例如:

The pilot as well as two of the passengers has escaped death.

飞行员和两名乘客死里逃生。

 难点深究

as well as,not only…but also两者在用法上有如下不同:

not only…but also侧重后者,as well as则着重前者,也就是说A as well as B=not only B but also A。


例如:

Mr.Brown has experience as well as knowledge.

布朗先生不仅有知识而且有经验。(侧重前者,即experience)


The report has not only attracted much attention but also some sharp criticism.

报告不仅引起了许多关注,而且也惹来一些尖锐的批评。(侧重后者,即sharp criticism)


5.People say it is Canadas most beautiful city, surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.(P34)

难句解读

人们说它(温哥华)是加拿大最美丽的城市,被大山和太平洋环抱。


surround

作动词时,意为“围绕,环绕”,它还可作名词,意为“围绕物;(尤指)围饰,缘饰”;surrounding作形容词,意为“附近的,四周的”;surroundings作名词,意为“环境,周围的事物”。词组surround oneself with意为“和……在一起,与……为伍”。

例如:

Jim was sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.

吉姆坐在地板上,周围摆满了箱子。


It took her a few weeks to get used to the new surroundings.

她花了好几个星期才适应这个新环境。


Henry loved to surround himself with young people.

亨利很喜欢和年轻人呆在一起。


6.It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.(P34)

难句解读

那儿的湿度很大,所以树都长得特别高,一些高达90多米。


some measuring over 90 metres为独立主格结构,逻辑主语是some。当分词(短语)做状语时,其逻辑主语一般和句子的主语一致;但有的分词短语有它自己独立的主语(在分词短语之前,这种主语常常是名词或代词主格),这种结构称为独立主格结构。其构成是:“名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/名词/介词短语”。注意:独立主格结构在句子中只能用作状语,表示时间,原因,条件,伴随等。

例如:

The clock striking eight, they began working.

钟敲响八点时,我们开始工作。(时间状语)


The rain being over, we continued to march.

雨停了,我们接着行军。(时间状语)


Time permitting, I'll go out with you.

若时间允许,我会跟你出去的。(条件状语)

句中的measure是动词,measure还可作名词表示“办法,措施”,通常用复数,构成take measures的固定搭配。

例如:

What measures will be taken to prevent fires?

防火要采取什么措施呀?

难点深究

measures常见的习惯搭配:

make something to one's measure按照某人的尺寸做;

take one's measure给某人量尺寸(做衣服);

half measure折中办法;

beyond measure非常大,非常多,极其;

in large measure在很大程度上。


7.That afternoon  aboard the train,the cousins  settled down in their seats.(P34)

难句解读

那个下午,表姐妹俩登上火车落了座。


settle

可表示“殖民,定居;停歇,停留;解决,处理”的意思。注意下列各句中settle的意思:

After years of travel, they decided to settle near the lake.

在多年的迁移之后,他们决定在这个湖边定居下来。

The bird settled on the branch.

那只鸟落在树枝上。

You should settle your affairs before you leave.

你应该把你的事情处理好再走。

难点深究

与settle相关的短语有:

settle on/over在(某处)停歇或停留一时;

settle sth. with sb.与某人解决某事;

settle down安居,安顿,安心;

settle down to sth.静下心做某事;

settle in/into sth.迁入新居,做新工作;

settle on sth.决定做某事,选择做某事。


8.Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mauntains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.(P34)

难句解读

那天一清早,火车先是穿越落基山脉,她们设法看到了野山羊,甚至看到了一只大灰熊和一只鹰。


manage

意为“设法做成,努力完成”,后接名词、不定式作宾语。

例如:

How do you manage to stay so slim?

你是怎么把身材保持这么苗条的?


He tried to walk, but managed only a few shaky steps.

他试图行走,但只是巍巍地走了几步。

catch sight of意为“突然看到,瞥见,注意到”。与sight相关的短语还有:

at first sight乍一看,第一眼看到;

at/within(sb.'s) sight看得见;

out of(sb.'s) sight看不见。

例如:

At first sight his demand seemed reasonable.

乍一看,他的要求似乎合情合理。


They ran away at the sight of the police.

他们一看到警察就跑开了。


The train is still in sight.

还能看得见那辆火车。


The house was out of sight behind a wall.

那房子被墙挡住看不见了。

难点深究

manage to do 和try to do的区别:

manage to do表示成功地做了某事,结果肯定是已经做成了的;try to do 表示试图去做某事,结果不一定成功。


例如:

I tried to save him, but failed.

我试图去救他,可是失败了。


I managed to save him.

我成功地拯救了他。


9.Many of them have a gift for working with animals and they can win thousands of dollars in prizes.(P34)

难句解读

他们中许多人都有与动物打交道的才能,他们能赢得几千美元的奖金。


have a gift for

意为“在……方面有天分(有天赋)”。

例如:

She has a gift for learning language.

她有学语言的天赋。


It seems he has a gift for music.

他好像对音乐有些天赋。

难点深究

talent, gift, genius的区别:

talent意为“才能;天才”,指能够从事某种特别工作或活动的独特非凡能力,又指较高的精神方面的才能,如音乐、绘画、数学、历史、外交等等的才能。它是一种天生的能力,也许有发展,也许不能发展。


例如:

He has no talent for music.

他没有音乐才能。


His work shows no artist talent.

他的作品没有显示出艺术才能。


gift意为“能力;天赋”,强调一种先天的特质与技能。与talent 不同,gift不一定具有创造能力或独创能力,可用于任何显著或卓越的个人才能与能力。


例如:

He possessed a gift of magnetic speech.

他具有讲话吸引人的才能。


She has a gift for poetry.

她有诗赋的天才。


genius意为“天才”,表示一种根据遗传或教育理论远远无法解释的智力,这种能力表现为独特的创造性和非凡的理解力并且超过大多数智力优越者的水平,与talent 相比,genius 较为高级,更为自发,具有创造的意味,需要教育和训练的地方极少。二者不仅在程度上,也在种类上有区别。


例如:

Leonardo de Vinci was a universal genius.

达芬奇是一个多才多艺的天才。


He had a wonderful genius for painting.

他有卓越的绘画天才。


10.A government member who is in charge of a government department(P36)

难句解读

一位掌管政府部门的公务员。


in charge (of) 

意为“处于控制或支配的地位;负责”。in the charge (of)表示“由……负责”。

例如:

I'd like to speak to the person in charge. 

我想和负责人谈谈。


Student nurse should not be left alone in charge of hospital wards. 

不应当让见习护士单独照管医院病房。


The house has been in my charge for more than a year.

这所房子由我负责管理已有一年多了。

难点深究

与charge相关的短语:

put sb. in charge of 让某人照顾;

take charge of 负责,掌管;

under the charge of 在……看管/负责之下。


例如:

The department was badly organized until she took charge(of it). 

这个部门在她负责管理以前组织工作做得很差。


Our class is under  the charge of Mr Smith. 

我们班由史密斯先生负责管理。


11.The idea  that  there will be  an earthquake terrifies many people.(P37)

难句解读

将有一场地震的想法使许多人很害怕。


terrify 

作及物动词,意为“使恐慌,使十分害怕,恐吓”。terrifying 作形容词,意为“令人害怕的”;terrified 作形容词,意为“感到恐惧的;感到害怕的”。

例如:

Flights terrrifies her. 

她害怕乘飞机。


What his father said terrified him. 

他父亲的话使他害怕。


A terrifying experience

 一次可怕的经历


She was terrified that she would fall. 

她很害怕跌倒。


Be terrified of losing sth 

害怕失去某物


From his terrified look I knew he must have seen something terrifying.

从他恐惧的表情来看,我知道他一定是碰上了什么令人恐惧的事情。

难点深究

terrified多用来描写人及人的行为;而terrifying多用来描写物的特征。类似于terrify这表示类心理的动词还有surprise,excite,interest,please,move,frighten,impress,amaze,annoy,amuse,astonish,shock,worry,satisfy,encourage,discourage,embarrass,scare,thrill等。


12.The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.(P38)

难句解读

第二天早上,在她们的车窗外到处是灌木丛和枫树,挂满了朱红、赤金和橘黄色的叶子,地面覆盖了一片白霜,表明加拿大的秋天已到来了。


confirm 

意为“证实;确定;坚定;加强;批准,确认”。

例如:

His letter confirmed everything.

他的信证实了一切。


The latest developments confirmed me in my belief.

最新的发展使我坚信我的信仰。


The queen confirmed the treaty.

女王批准了此项条约。

难点深究

confirm与affirm的区别:

两者都表示确认事实、事件的精确或真实性,但前者强调通过更多的证据来消除不确定的疑惑;后者根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有“无可争辩”之意。


例如:

Research has confirmed that the risk is higher for women.

研究证明对于女性来说这种风险要大一些。


The general affirmed rumors of an attack.

将军证实了袭击的传闻。


13.They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city.(P38)

难句解读

她们要晚些时候才动身去蒙特利尔,因此就在市内游览了一番。


not…until… 表示“直到……才……”,常与瞬间性动词连用。

例如:

The children won't come back until it is dark.

孩子们直到天黑才会回来。

难点深究

not until的强调句结构为:

It be not until… + that +主语+谓语+其他。not until位于句首时,主句用部分倒装(即把谓语动词的一部分移到主语的前面)。


例如:

It is not until it is dark that the children will come back.

Not until it is dark will the children come back.

直到天黑孩子们才会回来。


14.In the distance, they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.(P38)

难句解读

远处,她们可以看到湖的南边尼亚加拉大瀑布上方升腾着的雾霭。


in the distance

意为“在远处”。

例如:

That's Long Island in the distance over there.

远处那边是长岛。

难点深究

注意方位介词in,on,to的区别:

in 指在范围以内;on 指接壤,相邻;to 指相隔一段距离。从下列各句中领会三个介词的区别:

 Japan is in the east of Asia.  

日本位于亚洲东部。

Shandong is on the north of Jiangsu. 

山东紧邻江苏的东面。

Japan lies to the east of China.

日本在中国的东面。


15.Over dinner at a restaurant called The Pink Pearl,the cousins chatted with Lin Fei,who had moved to Canada many years earlier.(P38)

难句解读

在一个叫“海珍酒楼”的饭店里,表姐妹与已经移居加拿大很多年了的林菲边吃饭边聊天。


over

在句中意为“在……期间”或“直到……过完”。over还有另外两层常见意思:“覆盖,蒙盖在……之上”和“一边……一边……”。试区分以下三个句子中over的含义:

He often works over night.

The boy pulled his hat down over his face.

We'll discuss it over our dinner.


16.It's too bad you can't go  as far as Ottawa, Canada's capital.(P38)

难句解读

你们真遗憾,不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。


as far as

意为“远至……,与……的距离相等,达到……的程度”,相当于so far as。与far相关的短语还有:

by far最……,……得多(用于比较级或最高级前);

so far 到目前为止;

as far as it goes 就……而论;

as/so far as I know 就我所知;

as far as sb.is concerned就……而言。

难点深究

so far as与as far as的异同:

用于指距离,表示“直到……为止”之意时,as far as既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句,但so far as只能用于否定句中。


例如:

We went as far as Lion Rock Tunnel.

我们一直走到狮子山隧道公路那儿。


They did not go as far as the others.

他们没有像其他的人走得那么远。(此句的as far as可以换作so far as)


在表示“直到……程度”之意的借喻说法中,as far as和so far as都可使用,但前者不及后者用得普遍。


例如:

She went so (as) far as to call him a coward.

她甚至骂他是懦夫。


在表示“就……而论”之意时,as far as和so far as可互换使用。


例如:

As(So) far as I know, she will be away from Macao for two months.

据我所知,她将要离开澳门两个月。


As(So) far as my knowledge goes, there is no such word in English.

据我所知,英语里没有这样一个词。


在表示“只要;尽……所能”之意时,应用as far as,不用so far as。


例如:

I'll do my utmost to help you as far as I can.

只要可能,我一定竭尽全力来帮你。


17.What  impressed you?(P39)

难句解读

什么给你留下深刻印象?


impress  

作及物动词,意为“使印象深刻;使铭记”。它常用于以下结构:impress sb.( with sth./sb.)  使留下深刻印象;impress (sth.) on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事物;使某人深深意识到(重要性或严重性等)。

例如:

He impressed her with his sincerity.

他的真诚打动了她。


His kindness impressed her.

他的爱心打动了她。


I was deeply impressed by/with the film.

这部电影给我留下了很深的印象


Father impressed the importance of hard work on me.=Father impressed on me the importance of hard work.

父亲使我深深意识到努力工作的重要性。

难点深究

impress的名词形式为impression,

常用于以下结构:

make/leave a (good /deep/ strong) impression (on)

留下……印象; 

have/get the impression (that)

觉得;

(be)under the impression (that)

原以为,误以为。


例如:

The girl left a good impression on him.

那个女孩给他留下了很好的印象。


I get the distinct impression that we're not wanted here.

我明显感到我们在这里是不受欢迎的。

 

I'm sorry, I was under the impression that you were the manager.

对不起,我还以为你是经理呢!


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参考书目(独家授权

张鑫友. 高中《英语》教材讲与练: 人教课标版. 一年级[M]. 湖北科学技术出版社


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