A recent study about bone loss in astronauts is providing important information about the effects of space travel on the human body.最近一项关于宇航员骨质流失的研究提供了有关太空旅行对人体影响的重要信息。The research could help space agencies reduce harmful effects on astronauts in future space flights.这项研究可以在未来帮助航天机构减少太空飞行中对宇航员的有害影响。 The recent research gathered new data on bone loss in 17 astronauts who worked on the International Space station.最近的研究收集了17名在国际空间站工作的宇航员骨质流失的新数据。 It involved 14 male and three female astronauts.研究对象包括14名男性宇航员和3名女性宇航员。 Their average age was 47 years old.他们的平均年龄为47岁。 The study looked at bone loss caused by the microgravity conditions, or very weak force of gravity, in space.这项研究着眼于太空中微重力条件或非常弱的重力条件下的骨质流失。 It also studied how bone mineral density can be regained back on Earth.它还研究了如何在地球上恢复骨密度。 The astronaut's missions were about five and one half months on average.宇航员的任务平均约为五个半月。 One year after returning to Earth, the astronauts had 2.1 percent reduced bone mineral density at the tibia, a bone in the leg.返回地球一年后，宇航员的胫骨骨密度降低了2.1%——胫骨是腿部的一块骨头。 They also had on average a 1.3 percent reduction in strength.他们的力量也平均下降了1.3%。 Nine experienced permanent loss - they did not fully recover bone mineral density after the space flight.其中9人经历了永久性的骨质流失——他们在太空飞行后没有完全恢复原来的骨密度。 Leigh Gabel of the University of Calgary was the lead writer of the research published recently in Scientific Reports.卡尔加里大学的利·加贝尔是最近发表在《科学报告》上的这项研究的主要作者。 Gabel said that what is new about this study "is that we followed astronauts for one year after their space travel to understand if and how bone recovers."加贝尔说，这项研究的新特点是“我们在宇航员太空旅行后跟踪了一年，以了解骨骼是否恢复以及如何恢复。” Gable noted that astronauts experienced bone loss during six-month spaceflights that one would expect to see in older people over 20 years on Earth.加贝尔指出，宇航员在六个月的太空飞行中经历了骨质流失，预计地球上比他们年长20岁的人才会出现这种情况。 These astronauts "only recovered about half of that loss after one year back on Earth," she added.她补充说，这些宇航员“在返回地球一年后，只恢复了大约一半损失的骨密度”。 The bone loss happens because bones that usually carry weight on Earth do not carry weight in space.骨质流失是因为通常在地球上负重的骨骼在太空中不负重。 Space agencies are going to need to make better exercise and eating plans to help prevent bone loss, Gabel explained.加贝尔解释说，航天机构需要制定更好的锻炼和饮食计划，以帮助预防骨质流失。 She noted that "During spaceflight, fine bone structures thin, and eventually some of the bone rods disconnect from one another."她指出，“在太空飞行过程中，细微的骨骼结构变薄，最终一些骨头断裂。” The result, Gabel said, is that "once the astronaut comes back to Earth, the remaining bone connections can thicken and strengthen,加贝尔说，结果是“一旦宇航员返回地球，剩下的骨骼连接就会变厚和加强， but the ones that disconnected in space can't be rebuilt, so the astronaut's overall bone structure permanently changes."但在太空中断开的就无法重建，所以宇航员的整体骨骼结构发生了永久性的变化。 The study's astronauts flew on the space station in the past seven years.该研究的宇航员在过去七年中在空间站上飞行。 The astronauts were from the U.S. space agency NASA, Canadian Space Agency, European Space Agency and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency.宇航员来自美国航天局、加拿大航天局、欧洲航天局和日本宇宙航空研究开发机构。 The effects of space travel on the human body are important for space agencies as they plan new explorations.太空旅行对人体的影响对于航天机构规划新的探索非常重要。 NASA is aiming to send astronauts back to the moon, a mission now planned for 2025 at the earliest.NASA的目标是将宇航员送回月球，目前计划最早在2025年执行这项任务。 Future astronaut missions to Mars or a long-term presence on the Moon's surface are also possibilities.未来宇航员前往火星的任务或在月球表面长期生活将有极大可能性。 Gabel said that muscle loss, bone loss, effects on the cardiovascular system, and even radiation are big concerns for astronauts.加贝尔说，肌肉损失、骨质流失、对心血管系统的影响，甚至辐射都是宇航员最关心的事情。 "Without gravity pulling blood towards our feet, astronauts experience a fluid shift that causes more blood to pool in the upper body.如果没有重力将血液流通到我们的脚上，宇航员会经历一种液体转移，导致更多的血液聚集在上半身。 This can affect the cardiovascular system and vision," Gabel explained.“这会影响心血管系统和视力。”加贝尔解释说。 She added that "Radiation is also a large health concern for astronauts as the further they travel from Earth the greater exposure to the sun's radiation and increased cancer risk."她补充说，“辐射也是宇航员的一个很大的健康问题，因为他们离地球越远，暴露在太阳辐射下的风险就越大，患癌症的风险就会增加。” The study showed that longer space missions resulted both in more bone loss and a lower likelihood of recovering bone later.研究表明，长期的太空任务会导致更多的骨质丢失，并降低以后恢复骨密度的可能性。 In-flight exercise, such as resistance training, proved important for preventing muscle and bone loss.飞行中的运动，如阻力训练，证明对防止肌肉和骨质流失很有效。 Astronauts who performed more deadlifts compared to what they usually did on Earth were found to be more likely to recover bone after the mission.那些进行了更多举重训练的宇航员任务结束后更有可能恢复骨密度。 Gabel said there is still much to be learned about the effects of space travel on human health – particularly on space missions longer than six months.加贝尔说，关于太空旅行对人类健康的影响，特别是对超过六个月太空任务的宇航员来说，仍有许多待了解的地方。 I'm John Russell.约翰·拉塞尔为您播报。