【知识点】北师大版八年级英语上册 |可下载
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【预习】 部编版语文八年级（上）全册图文微课视频+课件教案
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北师大版八上英语知识点总结
【重点短语与句子】
Lesson 1 Last Week on TV
1.TV / sports/ nature programme 电视/运动/自然节目
2.talk show 谈话节目
3.in the vacation 在假期里
4.interesting/ boring 有趣的/无聊的
5.a great actor 一个伟大的演员
6.a man named…一个叫---的人
7.be fantastic ---了不起
8.be cute ---是可爱的
9.He did something really difficult. 他真的做了一些困难的事
10.score in the first half 在上半场得分
11.be boring ---是无聊的
12.try hard 努力尝试
13.earn / make money 赚钱
14.adopt deaf children 领养失聪儿童
15.be moving ---是感动的
16.the world of dinosaurs 恐龙世界
17.Some scientists think they died because they didn’t have any food after theclimate changed. 一些科学家认为他们的灭绝是由于气候变化以后他们没有足够的实物
18.be about…关于--
What was it about? 它是关于什么的？
19.bored/ boring; 感到厌烦的/ 令人厌烦的interested/ interesting; 对—有兴趣/ 有意思的 excited/exciting 激动地，兴奋地/令人激动的，兴奋地
20.act/ play well 演得好
21.Can I have the bill, please? 请给我账单好吗？
Lesson 2 AnInterview on TV
1. Languagelearning characters, conversation, grammar, listening, passage, pronunciation, reading,speaking, vocabulary, writing
2.Chinese characters 汉字
3.learn to do sth. 学习做某事
4.grammar rules 语法规则
5.be hard to do 做某事有困难
6.read an interesting passage 读一段有趣的文章
7.have a conversation about… 有一个关于---的对话
8.ask sb. about sth. 询问某人某事
9.Did you know any Chinese before you came to China?
在你来中国之前你了解中文吗？
No,I didn’t know a word of Chinese.
不，我一个字也不认识
10.watch TV programmes 看电视节目
11.help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事
12.simple conversations 简单的对话
13.take a lot of practice 做大量练习
14.learn sth. from... 从---学习 ---/ 向某人学习
15.learn Chinese at university 在大学学习汉语
16.enjoy one’s Chinese class 喜欢某人的汉语课
17.listen to the teacher carefully 认真听老师讲课
18.take notes 记笔记
Takingnotes is also very important 记笔记也非常重要
Lesson 3 The BigGame
1. Look at the speed of Hill ashe runs down the field with the ball.
看希尔在球场带球奔跑的速度
2.be fit=be healthy 保持健康
3.be hurt 受伤
4.be out for two months 出局两个月
5.pass …to… 把---传给-----
6.What a great kick! 多棒的进球啊！
7.be perfect 是完美的
8.make a basket 投篮得分
9.Are you kidding me? 你在开玩笑吗？
10.That was a bad call. 那真是糟糕的判罚
11.What a shame! 多遗憾啊！
12.complain about… 抱怨某事
13.hit the ball to the back of the court 将球击倒后场
14.be in top form 状态很好
Sheis really in top form today. 他今天状态真的很好。
15.How exciting! 太令人激动了
16.hurt one’s foot 伤到---的脚
17.score a goal 进球，得分
18.Can you believe that? 你能相信吗？
19.break one’s leg 这段的腿
20.do well in sth. 某事做得好
21.Kick the ball and make a goal 踢球射门
22.lose one’s car keys 丢了---的汽车钥匙
23.fall and hurt one’s arm 掉下摔伤胳膊
24.win the game 赢得比赛
Communication Workshop
1.magic shows 魔术表演
2.Out of all these, I like nature shows best. 除了这些，我最喜欢自然节目
3.learn about… 学习---
4.That’s why I like Animal World. 那就是我喜欢动物世界的原因
5.from every part of the world 来自世界各地
6.run after… 追逐--
7.fly freely in the sky 在天空中自由飞翔
8.swim in the blue ocean 在蔚蓝的大海中遨游
9.get very close to 非常接近---
Theyphotographers and cameramen get very close to the animals to show how they livein the wild.摄影师和摄像师非常接近动物以展示他们是如何在野外生存的。
10.beautiful scenery 美丽的风景
11.clear explanations 清晰地说明
Lesson 4 ClassProjects
1. Materials：glue, metal, paper,plastic, wood Objects: bottle,chopsticks, model, music instrument 材料：胶水，金属，纸，塑料，木头。物品：瓶子，筷子，模型，乐器
2.explain your opinion to… 向---解释你的想法
3.build a model of… 建造一个---的模型
4.next class 下节课
5.make a film about 制作一个关于---的影片…
5.a video camera 一部摄像机
6.a mobile phone 一部手机
7.The film has to be in English. 影片必须用英语
8.You can interview people in your group but their answers mustn’t be long. 你们可以采访团队中的成员，但他们的回答一定不能长
9.make sth. with... 用---制作---
10.play some music with the instruments 用这些乐器演奏一些音乐
11.return sth. on time 按时归还---
12.You mustn’t cross the road on a red light 红灯亮时禁止你穿过马路
13.Babies must sit in a baby seat. 婴儿必须坐在婴儿座椅里
14.eat food in class 在课上吃东西
15.use mobile phones in class 在课上用手机
16.get to class on time 按时到班
17.listen to music in class 在课上听音乐
18.talk in exams 考试中交谈
19.sleep in class 上课睡觉
20.bring dictionaries to school 将字典带到学校
Lesson 5 Teamwork
1.work together 一起工作
2.speak to each other politely 有礼貌的互相交谈
3.be in a team with… 和---在一个队
4.have clear roles for everyone 每个人都要明确的角色
5.question each other 互相提问
6.finish before the other teams 在其他的队之前完成
7.have a good leader 有一个好的领导
8.in group discussion 小组讨论
9.do research alone 单独做研究
10.How are we going to share the work? 我们将怎么样分享这个工作
11.mind doing sth. 介意做某事
Idon’tmind doing research. 我不介意做研究
12.That sounds good. 那听起来不错
13.think about… 考虑
14.I thought you like making models. 我认为你喜欢制作模型
15.OK, let’snot argue. 好，让我们别争论了
16.What building would you like to make a model of? 你想要制作什么模型？
I’d love to make amodel of the Pyramids. 我想制作一个金字塔的模型
17.be crazy 疯狂的
18.Then we can choose our favorite. 然后我们可以选择我们最喜欢的
19.Which building does Luo Li suggest? 萝莉建议只做哪一个模型
20.have a different role 拥有不同的角色
21.Everyone in the team participated. 团队里的每个人都参加
22.argue about the results 关于规则争论
23.表示“喜好”
Ilove drawing. 我喜爱画画
Ilike making models. 我喜欢制作模型
Idon’tmind taking notes. 我不介意记笔记
I don’t like doingresearch. 我不喜欢做研究
Ihate building models. 我讨厌建筑模型
Ican’tstand arguing. 我不能忍受争论
24.can’tstand doing sth. 不能忍受做某事
Hecan’tstand laughing. 他不能忍受大笑
25.make PPTs 制作PPT
26.give speeches. 做演讲
27.I like making PPTs a lot, but I don’t like giving speeches very much. 我非常喜欢制作PPT, 但是我非常不喜欢做演讲
Lesson 6 A SpecialTeam
1.be on holiday 度假
2.at a mountain resort 在山区旅游胜地
3.talk a walk in the early afternoon 在午后散步
4.The ground started to shake. 大地开始摇动
5.In just two minutes, everything changed completely. 仅仅两分钟之后，一切都变了
6.be in the middle of… 在---的中间
7.one by one 一个接一个的
8.be dark 天黑了
9.rain heavily 雨下得很大
10.lose hope 失去希望
11.take the lead 带头
12.call for everyone’s attention 引起每一个人的注意
13.We can’tgo down the mountain until tomorrow. 直到明天我们才能下山
14.at the moment 此刻，现在
15.go back to the ruins 回到废墟
16.look for food and blankets 寻找食物和毯子
17.divide…into… 把---分成---
18.make sure…确保
19.use…as… 把---作为---使用
20.Every 30 minutes, the group leaders flashed their mobile phones, and the lightin the dark rainy night made everyonefeel safe. 每隔30分钟，组长用手机闪光发出信号，这些光亮让大家在漆黑的雨夜中感到安全。
21.early the next morning 第二天一早
22.encourage and support each other 互相鼓励和支持
23.feel lucky 感到幸运
24.give sb. hope for life 给了---生还的希望
25.There are not enough blankets for everyone. 没有足够的摊子分给每一个人
26.work as.. 作为---工作
27.get wet all over 湿透了
28.solve the problem 解决问题
Communication Workshop
1.have fun doing sth. 很愉快的做某事
2.be on several teams 加入了几个队
3.join teams for different reasons 加入这些对是因为不同原因
4.play on a football team 在一个足球队踢球
5.Everyone has to be clear about his role. 每个人都清楚他的角色
6.cooperate with sb. 与某人合作
7.do lots of puzzles 做大量的谜题
8.We discuss ways to solve problems together. 我们一起讨论如何解决问题。
9. playthe drum in a band 在乐队打鼓
Getting Ready
1. Key Words: Sports:
baseball,basketball, football, high jump,
longjump, running, skating, swimming, table tennis,
tennis,volleyball
2. be popular 受欢迎
Whichsports are popular in your school? 在你的学校那一项运动很受欢迎?
Lesson 7 Time toExercise
1.do push-ups 做俯卧撑
2.do sit-ups 做仰卧起坐
3.run a race 赛跑
4.Climb a rope 攀爬绳子
5.do the high jump做跳高
6.It’s timefor after-class activities. 该课外活动的时间了。
7.Last week, I was faster than any other student!上周，我跑得比其他任何学生都快。
8.break the record 打破记录
9.feel a bit sick 感觉有点难受
10.be hard for sb. 对某人来说是困难的
11.I always give up half way through. 我总是中途放弃。
12.I can jump higher than that table. 我跳的比桌子更高
13.joke around 开玩笑
14.What does Mike mean by the last sentence? 迈克最后一句话的意思什么?
15.形容词、副词比较级的构成：
fast----faster; high----higher; large----larger
late----later; big---bigger; fit----fitter;
easy----easier; heavy----heavier
16.Some students are weaker than last year. 一些学生比去年更弱了
Lesson 8 OlympicWinners
1. 集中识词：Sports: baseball,diving, gymnastics,
horse-riding, long jump, swimming,weightlifting
2.a horse-rider from Japan 来自日本的马术选手
3.compete in… 参加
4.The youngest athlete, however, was only twelve years old. 然而,最年轻的运动员,只有十二个年的历史。
3.at the age of …在 。。。。。岁时
4.a national champion 全国冠军
5. 2.29m tall 2.29米高
6.win the gold medal in the men’s high jump competition 赢得金牌在男子跳高竞赛中
7.with a jump of 7.04 meters 跳了7.04米
8. 形容词最高级的用法（作定语）
the youngest athlete最年轻的运动员
the strongest man最强壮的运动员
9.Faster, Higher, Stronger
10.构词：
basketball— basketball player
horse-riding–- horse-rider
swimming–- swimmer
weightlifting—weightlifter
diving—diver
Lesson 9 Never GiveUp!
1.lose part of one’s arm 失去手臂的一部分
2.before the expedition 探险开始之前
3.the North Pole/ the South Pole 北极/南极
4.In one’slife 在某人的一生中
5.have an accident 发生了一次交通事故
6.lose half one’s left leg 失去左腿的一半
7.a famous Polish explorer 波兰著名探险家
8.ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
9.Janet gave the best answer of his life. 珍妮特给了他生命的最好的答案。
10.prepare for … 为。。。做准备
11.He learned to use his artificial leg. 他学会了使用假肢。
12.train hard for the expedition为探险刻苦训练
13.There were animals, dangerous ice and bad weather. 有动物,危险的冰和恶劣的天气。
14.It was really difficult, but things got better. 真的很困难,但是事情变得更好。
15.get to...到达 arrive at…
16.bad, worse, worst
17.This made the expedition even more difficult. 这使得探险队更加困难。
18.be brave勇敢
19.多音节形容词和副词的比较级及最高级
interesting, more interesting, the mostinteresting
quickly, more quickly, the most quickly
20.不规则变化：
good, better, best; well, better, best
bad,worse, worst
21. Themountain trip was more popular than the forest camp and the expedition. 山之旅比森林野营和探险更受欢迎。
22.The lake expedition was the most difficult of the three.在三个当中，湖泊探险是最困难的。
23.Which one do you like best? 你最喜欢哪一个?
24.Which do you think is more difficult, English or maths? 你认为哪个更困难,英语还是数学?
Communication Workshop
1.School Sport Day 校运动会
2.be a success 成功
3.have the best team 拥有最好的队
4.in the push-up and pull-up events在俯卧撑、引体向上的比赛中
5.Our class did better than last year. 我们班做的比去年好。
6.We jumped the highest in the high jump event. 在跳高比赛中我们做得最好。
7.They had the best jumper in the long jump. 他们有最好的跳高运动员跳远。
8.break school records 打破校纪录
Getting Ready
1.Healthy habits: brush one’s teeth, eat healthy food 健康的习惯: 刷某人的牙，吃健康食物
Do exercise,play sports, sleep well, take a shower 做练习，做运动，睡得好，洗澡
walkto school, wash one’s face/ hands 走着去学校，洗某人的脸/手
2.need to do sth. 需要干某事
3.have healthy habits . 有健康的习惯
Lesson 10 Going tothe Doctor.
1.Healthy Problems: cough, fever, headache,runny nose, sore throat, stomachache, toothache健康的问题：咳嗽 发烧 头痛 流鼻涕 喉咙痛 胃痛 牙痛
2.Doctor’sadvice: drink lots of water, get plentyof rest, go to the dentist，take some medicine 医生的建：喝大量的水，得到大量的休息，去看牙医，吃一些药
3.For a sore throat, you should drink lots of water. 对于喉咙痛来说，你应该喝大量的水。
4.What’sthe matter? 你怎么了？
I’ve got headache and stomachache. 我头痛还有胃痛。
5.have got/ have a cough 咳嗽
6.a bit of a runny nose 有一点流鼻涕
7.have a fever 发烧了
8.take one’stemperature 量某人的体温
9.take a deep breath 做一个深呼吸
10.have the flu 得了流行感冒
11.Take this twice a day before meals. 饭前吃这个一天两次
12.You should stay at home for the next few days.你应该这几天呆在家里
13.get plenty of rest 得到大量休息
14.need a note for school 学校需要病假条
15.That’llmake your body strong and keep you away from flu.那将使你的身体强壮，保持你远离流感
16.at the doctor’s office … 在医务室
17.lots of =a lot of=plenty of…许多=大量=大量
18.My headache is a lot better. 我的头痛好多了
19.We spent a lot of / lots of / plenty of money on it. 我们在它上花费了许多钱
20.have a cold 感冒
21.See the doctor:看医生 What’s the matter? 你怎么了？
I have a cough/ a badheadache. 我咳嗽和一个头痛
You have a cold.你得了流感
Drink plenty of water.喝大量的水
You should get plenty ofrest and take this medicine twice a day.你应该得到大量的休息 吃这个药一天两次
Lesson 11 HealthAdvice
1.want to do sth. 想要干某事
2.get the flu患流感
3.feel / be sleepy感觉困倦
4.stay fit/ health 保持合适/健康
5.listen to loud music 听大声的音乐
6.make sb. deaf 使某人聋了
7.be harmful有害的
Hedoesn’tthink it’s harmful. 他不认为它是有害的
8.for example 举例子
9.bird flu禽流感
10.wash one’shands with soap用肥皂洗某人的手
11.20 times a day 一天20次
12.When people sneeze, we can get the flu from the air.当人们打喷嚏时 我们可以在空气中得到流感
13.It’s veryhard for people to get flu. 得流感是对人们来说很困难的
14.be harmful to sb. 对某人有害
It’s also harmful to youwhen you dad smoke around you.当你爸爸在你周围吸烟时，它也对你有害
15.It’s gooddo sth. 干某事是好的 16. stay healthy 保持健康
It’s good to wash yourhands because it helps you stay healthy.洗你的手是好的因为它帮助你保持健康
17.keep sth. +形容词 保持某物怎么样
Whenyou keep your hands clean, it’s harder to get the flu.当你保持你收干净的时候 得到流感就很困难了
18.It can hurt your ears when you listen to very loud music on earphones.当你用耳机挺大声的音乐时他能伤害你的耳朵
19.make sure确保
20.be afraid of doing sth. 害怕干某事
21.构词：名词——形容词
harm---harmful;care---careful; help---helpful;
use---useful;wonder---wonderful
Lesson 12 HealthyBones
1. be weak 身体弱、差， 学习差等
2.Are bones hard on the inside? 内部的骨骼坚硬吗？
3.What can we do to keep our bones healthy? 我们能做些什么去保持骨骼的健康？
4.hold a book 拿一本书
5.support our bodies 支撑我们的身体
6.move freely 自由移动
7.Although they are very light, bones are strong enough to support our weight.虽然它们很轻，但骨骼足够结实可以支撑我们的体重。
8.Bones are hard on the outside, but they are soft on the inside. 外部骨骼很坚硬，但内部骨骼却很柔软。
9.make blood 制造血液
10.carry sth. through sp.把某物输送到某处
Blood carries nutrients through our bodies.血液将营养物质输送到我们的全身。
11.move sth. away 把某物移走
It also help move waste materials away soour bodies can stay healthy. 它（血液）也可以把无用的物质移走，所以我们的身体就可以保持健康。
12.Calcium makes our bones solid, so we need to get enough of it each day. 因为钙让我们的骨骼坚固，所以我们每天需要获取充足的钙。
13.Although we get vitamin D from food like fish and eggs, we can also get it fromthe sun.虽然我们可以从象鱼和鸡蛋这样的食物中获取维生素D，但我们也可以从阳光中获取它。
14.Try to get a bit of sun every day so you can have healthier bones!试着每天晒点太阳你就会拥有健康的骨骼。
15.make…ahabit 养成…..的习惯
16.daily activities 日常活动
17.climb stairs 爬楼梯
18.构词：反义词
hard—soft; inside—outside;sick—healthy; weak--strong
19.because/ so 因为/所以
Bones are important becausethey help us move freely. 骨骼很重要因为它们能帮助我们自由地移动。
Bones help us move freely,so they are important. 骨骼能帮助我们自由地移动，所以它们很重要。
20.Although/ but 虽让，但是
Bones are hard on the outside, but they’re soft on theinside.
Although bones are hard on the outside, theyare soft on the inside.
21.before lunchtime 午餐前
22.Although I’m very busy at school, I try to exercise three times a week. 虽然在学校我非常忙，但是我努力一周锻炼3次
Communication Workshop
1.do a survey at school 在学校做个调查
2.good/ bad habits 好习惯、坏习惯
3.I’m fastso I don’t waste water. 我很快所以不浪费水
4.When you exercise, it makes your bones stronger. 当你锻炼时，它让你的骨骼更强壮。
5.play ping-pong 打乒乓球
6. I have a lotof good habits, but I need to eat less junk food and exercise more. 我有许多好习惯，但我需要少吃垃圾食品、多做锻炼。
7.take fast showers. 快速地淋浴
8.in the blanks 在空格中
Getting Ready
1. protect the environment保护环境
2. recycle bottles/ plastic/ paper回收瓶子，塑料纸。
3. save electricity/ water节电/节水
4. turn off lights / the TV关灯，关电视
Lesson 13 Helping Your Community
1. Make a reply to requests对要求做一个回复
2. on the notice board在通知板上
3. do volunteer work做志愿者的工作
4. similar/different相似，不同
5. It seems that it dirtier than Ithought.看起来比我们想象的更脏
6. It’s really a shame.真的很遗憾
7. There is some metal here and someold cans too.这里也有一些金属和一些旧的
8. You have a rope with you, right?你有一条绳子，对吗
9. pieces of wood几块木头
10. Just a second.稍等
11. be finished完成了的
We are finally finished.我们最终完成了
12. litter on the beach在海滩上扔东西
I think we really need to let people know they shouldn’t litter on thebeach. 我认为我们真的需要让人们知道他们不应该在海滩上扔东西
13.put up a notice张贴一个通知
14.complete a form填写一个表格
15.read sth. to sb.给某人读…….
16.beach clean-up海滩清扫（名词短语） clean up the beach
17.two cans of soup两罐汤
18.I have an exam tomorrow, so I can’t play basketball with you.
明天我有一场考试，因此我不能和你一起打篮球。
19.Key expressions: Requests and replies
Can you give me one, please?请问，你能给我一个吗？
Can we use it?我们可以用一下吗？
Sure, Here you are. 当然可以，给你
Justa second. / Sorry, I don’t have it either稍等/对不起,我也没有。
Lesson 14 Helping EachOther
1.fightwith sb. 和某人打架
2.bepolite有礼貌的
Fight with students if theyare not polite. 如果学生没礼貌就和他们打架
3.laugh at sb. / sth.嘲笑某人/某事
4.avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
5.be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
6.share…with…和…….分析
7.fall off one’s bike从自行车上摔下来
8.Actually, it was my first day at my new school.实际上，那是我去新学校的第一天
9.ride on ice在冰上骑车
She was riding on ice whensuddenly she fell off her bike a few steps in front of me. 她在冰上骑车，突然她从自行车上摔下来，就在我面前的几步远
10.Without thinking, I went over and helped her stand up. 毫不犹豫，我就过去帮助她站了起来
11.lead …to…把……领到…….
12.dare to do sth.敢做某事
I don’t dare to go outsideat night.在晚上我不敢出去
13.have a copy有一个拷贝版
14.What a surprise! 多么令人吃惊呀
15.from then on从那时起
16.so…that…如此……以至于
Amy was so nervous that she didn’t dare to look at theother students.Amy是如此的紧张以至于她不敢看其他学生
17.help each other互相帮助
18.I wonder why Kate is so happy.我很疑惑为什么凯特如此高兴
19.make a speech in public在公共场合做一个演讲
20.one of the most important events最重要的事件之一
21.try hard to do sth.试图努力做某事
22.lie in bed躺在床上
I waslying in bed when you called me.当你给我打电话的时候，我正躺在床上呢
Lesson 15 A YoungHero
1.Christmas holiday圣诞节假日
2.save a life挽救一个生命
3.at once立刻
4.because of/ beause
Because of Tilly’s warning, the hotel 因为蒂丽对旅馆的警告，
quickly helped guests get to a safer place.很快帮助客人到达了安全地点
Tilly was worried because the water bubbled蒂丽很担心，.因为水还冒着泡。
5.be empty空的
Communication Workshop
1.shakehands with…和……握手
2.show...around…带……四处转转
3.toone’ssurprise令某人惊讶的是
4.bedelicious美味的
5.geton the bus上车
6.teddybear玩具熊
7.ahuge panda statue.一个很大的熊猫雕像
Getting Ready
1.unusual skills. 不寻常的能力
2.strange creature 奇怪的特征
Lesson 16 NaturalAbilities
1.Key words: Senses. 感官动词
hear, see, smell, taste,touch (feel) 听，看，闻，尝，触摸
2.amazing animals令人吃惊的动物
3.return from a trip从一个旅行返回
4.appear/ disappear出现/消失
5.relax at a coffee shop在一个咖啡店放松一下
6.take…fora walk 带……散步
7.act strangely奇怪的动作
8.work in the yard在院子里工作
9.be noisy吵闹的
10.break the fence弄破栅栏
11.search for…寻找
12.start shaking开始摇动
13.keep doing 持续做某事
14.run after...追逐、追赶
15.give up放弃
16.run away from…从……跑走
17.wake up 唤醒、苏醒 Wake sb up唤醒某人
18.What were you doing when it happened? 当那件事情发生的时候你在做什么
Lesson 17 True Stories
1.something unusual不寻常的事
2.get/ be scared害怕
3.be hairy多毛的
4.throw …at…向……扔东西
5.He was making noises as he slowly walked away.当他慢慢走开的时候，发出了些声响
6.in a newspaper在报纸里
7.row across…in a small boat划船穿过……
8.during the trip在旅行期间
9.come toward…朝….过来
10.dive under在……下面潜水…
11.come up on the other side of… 在……另一边出现
12.get dark/ nervous/ angry/ cold/ hot 变黑，紧张，生气，冷，热
13.after a while一会儿
14.before that在那之前
15.be imaginary想象中的
Lesson 18 Dreams
1.dreamabout 梦到关于…
2.have dreams 做梦，拥有梦想
3.right now 立即，马上
4.It’sreally difficult to prove how and why we dream. 证明我们如何以及为什么做梦是相当难的。
5.be asleep 睡着
6.be active 积极
7.be in one’s pyjamas 穿睡衣
8.work at a radio studio 在广播室工作
9.in fact 事实上
10.--Evenanimals have dreams. 甚至动物也做梦
--Wow, that’s funny. 喔，那太有意思了。
--For humans, there are some common dreams 对于人类，有一些普通的梦想
--I didn’t realize that. 我没有意识到。
Communication Workshop
1.make friends with sb 与某人交朋友
2.get hurt 受伤
3.wait for sb等候某人
4.wake up 醒来，苏醒
5.fly in the air 在天空中飞翔
6.forget about… 忘记关于…
7.wear my pyjamas 穿睡衣
【语法要点】
一、 形容词、副词最高级的构成及用法。
大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
（一）形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1．一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est；
（1）单音节词
如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
（2）双音节词
如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st；
如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicestable→abler→ablest
3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；
如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottestfat→fatter→fattest
4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；
如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
5．其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；
如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
注意：
（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.
例句：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
（2） 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常".
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记.
如：good→better→best well→better→best
bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
（二）形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”. 如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高. 注意： ① 在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较. ②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”. 如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. ③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级.
2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“moreand more +原级”表示“越来越……” 如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了. It is getting cooler and cooler. 天气越来越凉爽. The wind became more and more heavily. 风变得越来越大. Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽.
3．在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式. 如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?
4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”. The more money you make, the more you spend. 钱你赚得越多,花得越多. The sooner,the better. 越快越好.
5. 表示倍数的比较级用法： ①. A is …times the size/height/length/width of B. 如：The new building is three times the height of theold one. 这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍.(新楼是旧楼的四倍高) ②. A is …times as big/high/long/wide/large as B. 如：Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍) ③. A is …times larger/higher/longer/wider than B. 如：Our school is twice bigger than yours. 我们学校比你们学校大两倍.
6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最……”的意思.句子中有表示范围的词或短语.如：ofthe three, in our class等等. 如：He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的.
7."否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义. Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.
8. 比较级与最高级的转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student inhis class
二、一般将来时
一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。
|基本结构
①be going to + do；
②will+ do.
|否定句
在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won't。
例如：
I'm going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I'm not going to have a picnicthis afternoon.
|一般疑问句
be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。
例如：
We are going to go on an outing this weekend. →Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
|对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1.问人。Who
例如：
I'm going to New York soon. →Who's goingto New York soon.
2. 问干什么。What … do.
例如：
My father is goingto watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do withyou this afternoon.
3. 问什么时候。When.
例如：
She's going to goto bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?
|同义句：be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.
三、过去进行时
（一）定义
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。如：
A fire was burningin the grate. （火在壁炉中燃烧着。）
Fish weresurfacing to catch insects. （鱼浮到水面上捕捉昆虫
（二）基本结构
过去进行时的句子结构一般为：主语+was/were+现在分词（doing）+其他成分
如：
The wind waswhispering in the trees. （一阵风穿过树林沙沙作响。）
The boys wereitching for the lesson to end. （那些男孩子们渴望下课。）
（三）主要用法
1、表示在过去某个时刻发生的事情。该时刻可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如：
The children wereplaying in the sand pit at four o'clock yesterday afternoon. （昨天下午四点孩子们正在沙坑中玩耍。）
I was reading amagazine when the phone rang. （电话铃响时我正在看一本杂志。）
2、表示在过去某个时间段发生的事情。此时往往会有较为明确的过去时间段的时间状语。如：
She was reading inthe library the whole afternoon last Saturday. （上周六她整个下午都在图书馆看书。）
They were playingfootball on the playground this morning. （今天上午他们一直在操场上踢足球。）
3、 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。但是，如果背景动作是短暂性动作，而主要动作是延续性动作的话，则背景动作用一般过去时，而主要动作用过去进行时。前者复合句中的从句较为典型的连接词是when，后者较为典型的连接词是while。如：
I was pagingthrough a magazine when he came in. （他进来时我在翻阅一本杂志。）
Yesterdayafternoon, while Jack was working in the garden, she was making a cake in thektichen. （昨天下午，当杰克在花园里干活时，Mary在厨房做蛋糕。）
（四）特殊用法
1、不能用于进行时的动词
agree, be, believe, belong, care,forget, hate, have（拥有），hear, know,like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want,wish等。如：
错误：I washearing that they would get married soon. （听说他们要结婚了。）
正确：I heardthat they would get married soon.
2、表过去即将发生的事情
此时的谓语动词一般都是come、go、leave、start、arrive等表示位置转移的动词。如：
She told themanager she was leaving next month. （她告诉经理，她下个月就要走了。）
3、表过去习惯或爱好
与always、constantly等频度副词连用，表示感情色彩，往往暗示某种习惯或爱好。如：
She was alwaystalking a lot before she got married. （她在婚前总喜欢说个不停。）
（五）标志性词语
过去进行时常见的标志性时间状语主要有：this morning、the whole morning、all day、yesterday、from nine to ten last evening、when、while、at thattime等。如：
She was drinkingall day by the dower. （她用从亡夫处得来的产业整天喝酒。）
We were standingon the right at that time. （我们当时站在右边。）
四、If引导的条件状语从句
一、定义：
我们用if句子谈论可能发生的动作或可能出现的情况。
二、用法：
1.当if从句用一般现在时，表将来，主句用一般将来时。
如：If you ask him, he will help you.
2.if从句既可位于主句前，也可位于主句后。如果位于主句前，需在if从句后加逗号“，”。
如：If it doesn't rain, we'll climb themountain tomorrow.
=We'll climb the mountain tomorrow,if it doesn't rain.
3.含有if从句的复合句中，主句中的will可以用情态动词来代替。
If there is no water, we can'tlive.
4.含有if从句的复合句中，主句也可以用祈使句。
如：Please stay at home if it blowsheavily tomorrow.
5.同义句转换
①用祈使句+“，”+and/or +一般将来时
If you work hard, you'll pass the exam easily.
=Work hard, and you'll pass the exam easily.
If you don't hurry up, you'll miss the train.
=Hurry up ,or you'll miss the train.
②含有介词with和without的介词短语
If there is no water, fish can't live.
=Fish can't live without water.
③Unless=If …not 如果不，主将从现
If you don't go , I won't go.
=Unless you go ,I won't go.
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