【预习】初中英语语法《宾语从句的概念》视频讲解+知识点+练习

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一.宾语从句的定义

置于动词、介词等词性后面起du宾语作用zhi的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语dao序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。

二.宾语从句中引导词的用法

在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：

连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if

代词：who, whose, what ,which

副词：when ,where, how, why 等。

（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）

可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：

say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

在以下情况中that不能省略

当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。

例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.

当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。

例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。

例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.

注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。

例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.

（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句

由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。

例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.

只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句

在带to的不定式前

例句：We decided whether to walk there.

在介词的后面

例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.

在动词后面的宾语从句时

例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week

直接与or not连用时

例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.

只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句

if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”

例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.

if引导否定概念的宾语从句时

例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.

引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时

例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.

（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句

这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。

例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?

英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。

例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

三.宾语从句的特点

宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。

宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。

连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。

whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。

如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it 。

实战演练

一. 单项填空
1. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday?
A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do
C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did
2. I want to know_________.
A. what is his name B. what’s his name
C. that his name is D. what his name is
3. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam?
A. that B. whether C. what D. which
4. Jim doesn’t understand ____________.
A. which is the way to the museum
B. why his wife always goes shopping
C. what is the way to the museum
D. why does she always go shopping
5. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for?
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
6. Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.
A. when does his son come home
B. when his son comes home
C. when did his son come home
D. when his son came home
7. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?
A. how does he mend B. how he mends
C. how he mended D. how did he mend
8. ---I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive? 
---Usually it comes by 4: 00.
A. how B. where C. when D. what
9. ---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________?
---Certainly. Go straight along here. It’s next to a hospital.
A. how we can get to the post office
B. how can we get to the post office
C. how get to the post office
D. how could we get to the post office
10. ---Can I help you?
---Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______ take to get there?
A. how soon will it B. how soon it will
C. how long it will D. how long will it
11. He wanted to know ___________.
A. whether he speaks at the meeting
B. when the meeting would start
C. what he’s going to do at the meeting
D. where would the meeting be held 
12. ---Could you tell me _________ the Bamboo Garden?
---The day after tomorrow, I think.
A. when will you visit B. when you will visit
C. when would you visit D. when you would visit
13. Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr Wang?
A. what should we do B. we should do what
C. what we should do D. should we do what
14. You can’t imagine _________ when they received these nice Christmas presents. 
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
15. I want to know ________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.
A. that B. when C. where D. whether
16. ---Could you tell me ____________?
---Sorry, I don’t know. I was not at the meeting.
A. what does he say at the meeting
B. what did he say at the meeting
C. what he says at the meeting
D. what he said at the meeting
17. ---Could you tell me _________ last night?
---Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home.
A. what you were doing B. what were you doing
C. what you are doing D. what are you doing
18. The teacher asked the students __________.
A. if they were interested in dinosaurs
B. when was Albert Einstein born
C. what they will do with the computers
D. how many trees they have planted

19. Every morning the patients are asked if ________ their temperature taken.
A. they had had B. have they had
C. they have had D. had they had
20. It’s up to you to decide _______ you’ll go there, by air or by road.
A. how B. why C. that D. when

参考答案

一. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.A

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