【预习】初中英语语法《倒装句的用法》视频讲解+知识点+练习

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视频讲解

●●●知识点 ●●●

     英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序，按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（ 或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。

    之所以出现倒装，一方面是因为语法结构的需要，另一方面为了强调，有时两种原因兼有之。倒装句分为部分倒装和全部倒装。

    以下就分别讲述这两种倒装的用法。如果遇到一句，不知道使用全部倒装还是部分倒装的话，我们主要主要看其标志性的词语。

部分倒装

就是把谓语中的be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语前面。常见于下列几种情况：
(一). only所修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用：
only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他
Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.

Only through education can we rise in the world.
注意：only修饰主语时，不需要倒装。

(二).含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时。如：

never, little, seldom, not, not only, not until, no sooner (…than), hardly (…when), rarely, scarcely, in no way等。
We seldom get up at four in the morning.
= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.
Not a single word from him could express his feelings.
Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.

(1) hardly…when; scarcely…when…; no sooner…than… 可以用正常语序 had hardly done when… did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when… did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。

The bell hardly had rung when the class began. 

= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.

No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.

(2) not only… but also 如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时， 前面的句子要用倒装。
Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.
Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.

(三).在so…that, such…that句型中，若把so, such引导的结构放在句首时。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

(四).省略了if的虚拟条件句中，把were, had或should放在句首时。
If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.

(五).把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。
I like reading English, so does he. 

(六).把neither, nor放在句首，表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。
If you won't go, neither will I.

(七)用于形容词/副词/名词/动词+as (though)引导的让步状语从句中。
注意：当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词；主谓并不倒装。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.

(八).由however, no matter how引导的让步状语从句中，把however+形容词/副词，no matter how+形容词/副词放在句首时。

全部倒装

就是把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于几种情况：
(一).用于地点副词here, there,方位副词out, in, up, down及时间副词now, then等开头的句子里，以示强调。
There goes the bell.
Look! Here they come.

这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。
Here it is.
Away he went.

Here we go
这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the boys.

(二).当表示地点的介词短语放句首时。注意：谓语多为be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物动词；倒装时不需要助动词。

(三)there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。
在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。

There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.

(四).表语置于句首时，倒装结构为"表语+系动词+主语"。
(1)形容词+系动词+主语
Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster.
(2)过去分词+系动词+主语
Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
(3)介词短语+系动词+主语
In front of the playground is a newly-built house. 

(五).有时由于主语较长，谓语很短，为保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。
They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.

(六).在一些表示祝愿的句子里。
Long live the Communist Party of China!
May you all be happy.

实战演练

1．

—Tara has made great progress in English this term.

—_______, and ________.

A. So she has; so have you              B. So she has; so you have

C. So has she;so you have

D. So has she; so have you

【答案】 A  

【解析】塔拉这学期的英语取得了很大的进步。她的进步的确大，你的也不小。so,位于分句或句子的开头，这种结构通常表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人（或事物），表示“我也这样”之类的概念。其句型可归纳为：so + be / have / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语。如果第二分句只是重复前句的意思，用来表示赞同时，so之后的主语和谓语就不能颠倒。so,开头的倒装句一定要与上句的时态保持一致。so开头的倒装句中的助动词或情态动词要根据人称的变化而变换。所以选A。

2．

— I think the plan is just a waste of time. What do you think?

— Well, if you don't support the plan, ________.

A. neither do I 

B. so do I 

C. neither will I

D. so will I

【答案】 C  

【解析】句意：——我认为这个计划只是在浪费时间。您是怎么想的？——好，如果你不支持这个计划，我也不支持。Neither+助动词+主语，表示主语也不是……；这里是if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时态，这里是主句，故助动词用will。根据题意，故选C。考查倒装句，注意Neither+助动词+主语，表示主语也不是这样；so+助动词+主语，表示主语也是这样。

3．If you go to his party tomorrow,                   

A. won't, neither do I          

B. don't, neither will I          

C. don't, neither do I          

D. /, so do I

【答案】 B  

【解析】句意：如果你明天不参加他的聚会，我也不去。分析：考查if引导的条件状语从句，通过时间状语tomorrow体现时间将来时，因此从句用一般现在时，主语是第二人称用do; 我也不去，为主句，同时前句为否定形式，因此用neither.故选 B

4．—Oh， my god！Recently I have put on 5 pounds.

—______. I think I should lose weight.

A. So do I                       

B. So have I                       

C. Neither do I                       

D. Neither have I

【答案】 B  

【解析】句意：—啊，我的天呀！最近我长胖了五磅。—我也是，我认为我应该减减肥了。so +主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词：某某确实如此，主语与上文是同一人。So+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语：某某也如此，主语与上文不是同一人，表示后者适合前者。上文是否定句，下文表示某某也不，用 neither +助动词+主语。这些句式在时态上与前一个句子相同。根据上句是肯定句，现在完成时态，主语与上句不同，故选B。

5．—I didn't go to the cinema yesterday. What about you?

 —____________, because I was preparing for the project all the time.

A. Nor do I                      

B. Neither did I                      

C. Neither am I                      

D. Nor was I

【答案】 B  

【解析】句意：—我昨天没有去电影院，你的？—我也没去，因为我一直在准备这个项目。根据句意及题干分析此题是过去也没去，所以选B。

6．—Listen！           .   

—Oh，let's go to the classroom.___.

A. There goes the bell     

B. There's the bell     

C. There the bell goes     

D. The bell goes there

【答案】 A  

【解析】句意：---听，铃响了。---哦，咱们去教室吧。There goes the bell是倒装句，相当于“The bell is ringing。”故答案为A。

7．—He was late for the meeting.

—___________

A. So I was                            

B. So was I                            

C. So I did                            

D. So did I

【答案】 B  

【解析】句意：本题考查“So+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”和“So+主语+助动词”二种结构的用法区别。--他开会迟到了。--我也一样。So+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语属于倒装句肯定形式,表示说话人的行为、动作和前面提到的人的行为、动作相同.意为:也；So+主语+助动词是对一件事的内容加以证实或肯定.意为"的确如此"。be late for...做...迟到了，有be 动词，故选B。

8．—I'm waiting for the visitors very anxiously.

—Look, here ______ these visitors.

A. come                                   

B. comes                                   

C. go                                   

D. goes

【答案】 A  

【解析】句意：—我焦急地等待着来访者。—瞧，这些来访者来了。A. come动词，来；B. comes动词三单；来；C. go动词，走；D. goes动词三单，走。根据语义可知，本句为倒装句，主语为these visitors，复数含义，谓语动词使用原形；come here来这里，而不是go here去这里。故选：A。

9．— I've decided to see the film tonight. 

—        .

A. So have I                            

B. So do I                            

C. So did I                            

D. So will I

【答案】 A  

【解析】句意：——我已经决定了今晚去看这部电影。——我也已经决定了。A、我也已经决定了；B、我也现在决定了；C、我也过去决定了；D、我也将会决定。由上文I've decided to see the film tonight. 我已经决定了今晚看这部电影可知，下文要表达的是‘我也已经决定了’，故选A。

10．—Peter has made great progress in English recently. 

—____. He has been studying so hard these days.

A. So have he                       

B. So he has                       

C. So he have                       

D. So has he

【答案】 B  

【解析】句意：——彼得最近在数学反面取得重大进步。——他就是这样，这些天他一直在努力学习。在表示和上述发生相同事情时，用so+助动词+主语。对别人情况加以肯定时常用，so+主语+助动词。根据 He has been studying so hard these days. 可知是对上述事情的肯定。主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has，故选B。

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