【预习】初中英语语法《现在完成时(二)》视频讲解+知识点+练习

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视频讲解

●●●知识点 ●●●

1、延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用。

　　(1)有一些动词是瞬间动词，也叫非延续性动词，这些动词一发生就结束了，常见的有：come, go, arrive, reach, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow, get up, become, open, stop等。这些动词虽然可以用于现在完成时(说明某个动作的结果还存在)，但由于它们不能延续，因此不能跟表示一段的时间状语连用。(也即现在完成时的第二个基本用法中不能使用非延续性动词)。

　　e.g. Jim has come back. (正) 吉姆已经回来了。

　　Jim has come back for a month. (误) come back的动作不能延续一个月，因此错误。

　　(2)瞬间动词不可以用于有段时间的现在完成时态中，因此，若要解决这一问题，就应把它改为相应的延续性动词或短语，主要有以下几种：

　　①用相应的延续性动词

　　如：buy → have borrow → keep come/go/become → be put on → wear catch a cold → have a cold ②转换成be+名词

　　如：join → be a member of go to school → be a student ③转换成be+形容词或副词

　　如：die → be dead leave → be away begin → be on finish → be over fall asleep — be asleep open → be open get up → be up close → closed ④转换成be+介词短语

　　如：come to/go to/arrive in (at)/get to/reach …→ be in/at… join the army → be in the army(军队)

　　e.g. I have borrowed the book. 我已经借了那本书。

　　I have kept the book for two days. 我已经借那本书两天了。

　　Jim has joined the band. 吉姆已经加入那乐队了。

　　Jim has been a member of the band for a month. 吉姆已经加入那个乐队一个月了。

　　His grandfather has died. 他祖父已经死了。

　　His grandfather has been dead for 2 years. 他祖父已经死了两年了。

　　My father has arrived in China. 我父亲已经到达中国了。

　　My father has been in China for a week. 我父亲已经在中国一个星期了。

　　(3)在否定句中，非延续性动词也可以与时间段连用。

　　e.g. I haven’t borrowed books from the library since last year. 自去年以来我就没有在图书馆借过书。

　　Jim hasn’t come back for a year. 吉姆已有一年没回来了。　

2、现在完成时的几种常见的句型转换。

　　现在完成时可以转化成一般过去时，还可以转化成“It is/has been +时间段+since从句(用一般过去时)”等句型。

　　e.g. Jim has been back for a month. 吉姆已经回来一个月了。 = Jim came back a month ago. 吉姆一个月前就回来了

　　= It is/has been a month since Jim came back. 自吉姆回来已经有一个月了。 = A month has passed since Jim came back. I have kept the book for two days. = I borrowed the book two days ago.

　　= It is / has been two days since I borrowed the book. = Two days has passed since I borrowed the book.　

3、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：

　　现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响，它和现在有密切的联系。现在完成时经常会出现下列的标志词。

　　如：already, yet, just, ever, never, several times, before, so far, for +时间段, since +时间点或从句等。一般过去时强调的是动作发生的时间、地点，不涉及对现在的影响，所以凡含有表示过去的时间状语的句子，都必须用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。

实战演练

动词填空：

1. I ______(see)Tom last Friday.

2. _____you _____(go)to the Great Wall last summer?

3.--Where _____you _____(put) my pen?

   --I ______(put) it in my pencil-box, but it’s nowhere to be found.

4.When ______you______(start) to live in China?

5.--The train______ (leave) already.

  --When ______ the train ______(leave)?

6.It is five years since I ______(meet) you last.

7.Where _____ you_____(be) for the last two weeks?

8.I _____ (lose)my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil.

单项选择：

(   ) 1. --Where ____ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.

           -- I _____ it right here. But now it’s gone!

A.did you put; have put  

B. have you put;put

C. had you put; was putting  

D. were you putting; have put

(   ) 2. My father _____ here since he _____ to this school.

A. taught; came     

B.has taught; came

C. taught; has come   

D. has taught; has come

(   ) 3. I am sorry you’ve missed the train. It_____ 10 minutes ago. 

A. left                   

B. has left  

C. has been left  

D.had left

(   ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It’s one year since I last _____ you.

A. saw       

B. see  

C. seeing  

D. have seen

(   ) 5. -- Have you visited the Dinosaur World,Elsa? （宁波）

       -- Yes, I ____ it yesterday.

A. have visited  

B. had visited  

C. visited           

D. visit

(   ) 6. -- Nice to see you. I _____ you for along time. 

       -- I _____ in Bejing. I’ve just come back.

A. hadn’t seen; am   

B. haven’t seen; was 

C. didn’t see; will be  

D. haven’t seen; shall be

(   ) 7. --What is the weather like this summer here?

       -- There ____ very little rain.

A. has 

B. has been  

C. are  

D. have been

(   ) 8. When ____you ____ your dictionary?

A. did; lose   

B. has; lost   

C. will; lose  

D. does; lose

(   ) 9. Where ____ you _____? Which answer is not right?

A. are; going   

B. have; been 

C. did; go      

D.are; doing

(   ) 10. There ____ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago.

A. were  

B. have  

C. are    

D. have been 

参考答案

动词填空：

1. saw         

2. Did, go      

3. have, put, put  

4. did,start  

5. has left, did, leave  

6. met         

7. have, been

8. have lost

单项选择：

1~5 BBAAC   

6~10 BBADD

　一、单项填空。

1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.
    A. joined　　　 

    B. be in　　　 

    C. been in 　　　

    D. joined in
2. We have been friends since ______.
    A. children　　　 

    B. five years　　　 

    C. five years ago 　　　

    D. five years before
3. Mike ___________ the story for a month.
    A. has bought 　　　

    B. has had 　　　

    C. had had　　　 

    D. has borrowed
4. You ______ that question three times.
    A. already asked　　　　　　

    B. have already asked
    C. already have asked 　　　

    D. asked already
5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.
    A. since last week　　 

    B. a week ago 　　

    C. for a week　　 

    D. since a week ago
6. I _____ at this school for two years.
    A. am studying 　　　

    B. study 　　　

    C. studied 　　　

    D. have studied
7. They _________ in the city since last summer.
    A. live 　　　

    B. didn’t live　　　 

    C. have lived　　　　 

    D. live
8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _____ 1992.
    A. since　　　 

    B. from 　　　

    C. after 　　　　

    D. in
9. Mr. Black _________Chinasince the summer of 1998.
    A. has been to 　　　

    B. has been in　　　 

    C. has come to 　　　　

    D. came to
10. His father _______ for years.
    A. has died 　　 

    B. has been dead　　　 

    C. died D. dies

[真题链接]

1. — Beibei, is Mr. Chen in the office?

    — No. He       for half an hour.

    A. left  

    B. has left                        

    C. has been away

2. — Is Miss Green in the office?  

— No, she ____ to the library.

    A. goes               

    B. had goes              

    C. has gone              

    D. would go

3. — A new shop ______ for a week nearby. Let’s have a look there.

    — Good idea. But it doesn’t ____ on Mondays.

    A. opened; opened          

    B. has been opened; open

    C. has opened; opened        

    D. has been open; open
二、用 already或 yet填空。

1. Have they taken down the old pictures ____? No, not _______.
2. Most of us have finished our compositions ________
3. He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition ________.
三、用 since或 for填空。

1. We have learned five lessons ______ the beginning of this term.
2. Mrs. Liao has been in hospital ______last week.
3.  I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.

四、用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。

1. — Where is Jack?

— He __________ his country.      

2. John __________Englandsince he came back.

3. How long __________ you __________this village?        

4. The Smiths __________ Beijing for years.

5.  — __________you ever __________ America?

— Yes, I __________ there many times. 

6.  I __________this school since three years ago.

7.  — When __________ he __________?

— He __________ an hour ago.

8. — Would you like to __________ the zoo with me?

— Yes, but I __________there before.

9. — Where __________ you __________ just now?

— I __________ the zoo.

10. He often__________ swimming.   

11. __________ you __________ there last year?

12. __________ they often __________skating in winter?             

五、句型转换，每空一词。

1. He has already gone home.  

He _______ _______ home _________. (否定句)

________ he ________ home _________? (一般疑问句)

2. He has lunch at home.      

He ________ _________ lunch at home. (否定句)

________ he _______ lunch at home? (一般疑问句)

3. He has been there twice. (对划线部分提问) 

________ ______ _______ ________ he been there?

4. I have lunch at school.  (对划线部分提问)     

________ ________ you _________ lunch.

5. They have been here since 2000.   

________ ________ have they been here? (对划线部分提问)     

6. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改为同义句)

This factory________ ________ ________  for twenty years.

7. Miss Gao left an hour ago.  (改为同义句)

 Miss Gao _______ _______ _______ _______ an hour ago.

8. Her mother has been a Party member for three years. (改为同义句)

Her mother ______ the  Party  three  years _______ .

9. The Green Family moved toFrancetwo years ago. (改为同义句)

  _______ two years ________ the Green family moved toFrance.

10. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)  

 _______________________________  

参考答案

一、单项填空。

1. C。现在完成时在肯定句中，与since或for引出的时间状语连用的是延续性动词，不能是短暂性动词。在此题中join是短暂性动词，不能与for+时间段连用，须把它改成相应的延续性动词。此题join要改成be in。这两种词的转换是学习现在完成时需要注意的。
2. C。现在完成时表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。它的时间状语since + 表过去的时间点，for + 时间段连用。
3. B。在肯定句中，与since或for引出的时间状语连用的是延续性动词，不能是短暂性动词，在此题中buy是短暂性动词，不能与for + 时间段连用，须把它改成相应的延续性动词。此题 buy 要改成 has had。

4. B。现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果；already 应放在have后面。
5. B。该题考查一般过去时。 
6. D。现在完成时表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。与for + 时间段连用。
7. C。since是现在完成时的标志词。

8. A。本句为完成时态，此处应该选择since； “since + 表过去的时间点”是完成时态的标志性时间状语。
9. B。与since或for引出的时间状语连用的是延续性动词，不能是短暂性动词，come是短暂性动词因此选B。
10. B。现在完成时与since或for引出的时间状语连用的是延续性动词，不能是短暂性动词，die是短暂性动词,因此要用be dead来代替。

[真题链接]

1. C。句意：—贝贝，陈先生在办公室吗？—没有，他出去一个小时了。因为题中说道“他出去一个小时了”，所以到应该用延续性动词，故选C。

2. C。句意：—格林老师在办公室吗？—不在，她去图书馆了。本题考查动词的时态。由语境可知她去图书馆了，现在还没回来，故选C项。

3. D。本题意为：—这附近有一家新开了一周的店，我们去看一下吧。—好主意，但是周一不开门。本题第一空应该用延续性动词，第二空在助动词后面，应该用动词原形。故选D。

二、用 already或 yet填空。

1. yet; yet   2. already  3. yet

三、用 since或 for填空。

1. since  2. since  3. for

四、用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。

1. has gone to  2. has been in  3. have; been in  4. have been in   5. Have; been to; have been

6. have been in  7. did; go; went  8. go; have been   9. did; go; went to   10. goes

11. Did; go   12. Do; go

五、句型转换，每空一词。

1. hasn’t gone; yet; Has; gone; yet    

2. doesn’t have; Does; have   

3. How many times has

4. Where do; have  

5. How long  

6. has been open  

7. has been away since

8. joined; ago   

9. It’s; since   

10. The bus has been here for ten minutes.

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