户外办公，未来办公新趋势
“THOUGHT LEADERSHIP | CRTKL洞见”
分享CallisonRTKL作为行业引领者，
对于城市、建筑、产业、生活方式等不同维度
进行的深度思考、趋势探索和前瞻性研究。
编者按 | 本文为CallisonRTKL华盛顿特区办公室副总裁Marc Fairbrother针对未来美国办公建筑市场做的前景展望，可为目前中国办公楼市场的设计者和投资者带来很好的借鉴和决策支持意义。
办公室生活将转向户外。
纵观各地的建筑，无论是新建或是翻新的办公室，在设计上都在考虑为员工提供更多灵活的办公空间，让员工可以离开工位实现户外办公。设计师、开发商和办公楼业主一致认为这是一种新兴趋势，未来几年办公空间的外观及其为员工带来的体验可能会彻底改变。
Office life is about to move outdoors.
In buildings across the country, new and renovated offices are being designed to include more options for workers to get away from their desks and go outside. According to designers, developers, and landlords, it’s an emerging trend that could shake up the way workplaces look and feel for years to come.
CallisonRTKL副总裁Marc Fairbrother表示：“对租户而言，享受阳光、呼吸新鲜空气将变得触手可及。我们正朝着这些目标不懈努力，重点聚焦用户体验，而不仅仅是效率和产品成本。”
“Access to daylight, good fresh air—those kinds of things are really tangible to the tenants,” says Marc Fairbrother, vice president of the architecture firm CallisonRTKL. “We are headed in those directions where it’s more about the user experience than efficiency and the cost of the product.”
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CallisonRTKL目前正在进行的几个项目对户外空间有着更高的要求。一些公共建筑设施（如健身中心和首层咖啡厅等）正在增设新的户外休息空间，甚至是户外办公空间。目前，我们正在为瑞典斯堪斯卡公司（Skanska）在弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿打造一座新的办公大楼，整座大楼涵盖了类型各异的户外空间。在临街一层，有四分之一的空间将打造成类似于公园的休闲区域，设有座椅和荫凉区域，面向公众或上班族开放。屋顶上设有宽敞的露台，布设各式各样的座椅，可以作为午餐休闲区、非正式办公区或户外展示区域等。屋顶上还将设置围合式中央会议室，可用来举办正式的董事会会议，在工作之余也可用来举办鸡尾酒会。
CallisonRTKL has several projects in the works that are putting a premium on outdoor space. Common building amenities such as fitness centers and ground-floor cafés are being augmented with new spaces for outdoor breaks and even outdoor working. One project currently in the works, a new office building in Arlington, Virginia, for the global construction company Skanska, includes a variety of outdoor spaces throughout the building. At street level, there’s a quarter-acre parklike space with seating and shaded areas that can be used by the public or by office workers. On the roof, there’s a large patio space, with various seating options that can function as lunchtime getaways, informal working areas, or spots for open-air presentations. The roof also includes an enclosed central conference room that can host both formal board meetings and after-hours cocktail receptions.
Lenovo Campus Global Headquarters
有些项目甚至在办公室中不起眼的地方增设户外空间。Marc Fairbrother表示：“二楼的办公空间往往最难出租，所以我们将露台设置在这里。”公司的另一个项目是位于俄克拉荷马州塔尔萨的一栋办公楼，计划于2023年投入使用，业主在设计上要求每层都设有露台。项目负责人Dallas Branch认为这是一种全新的设计方式，设计师们不得不进行反复斟酌推敲才能最终敲定。Branch表示：“这种设计方式并不常见，在进行初步规划时，因为每层都带有阳台，它看起来更像是一栋住宅楼。设计师必须重新调整设计，使其具有办公楼的外观。”最终，每层楼将为租户提供约1500平方英尺的露台空间。
办公空间朝户外空间发展的趋势已有多年，但与以往不同，这种新型户外空间旨在为人们增加全新的办公和互动空间，而不再是为了缓解工作压力。对于纽约这样寸土寸金的市场而言，办公楼业主非常清楚此类空间对于想吸引和留住员工的公司及员工本人具有巨大的吸引力。在新冠疫情期间，办公室空置率高于正常水平，办公楼业主和开发商知道他们需要付出更大努力来吸引租户。
They even added outdoor spaces on a part of the office that has traditionally been unpopular. “The second floor, which is always the hardest to lease in office space, is where we put the terraces,” says Fairbrother. Another of the firm’s projects, an office building in Tulsa Oklahoma that’s slated to open in 2023, was designed to include terraces on every floor. Principal in charge Dallas Branch says it’s a new approach, and one that the designers had to tinker with before it felt right. “We’re not used to seeing that in offices. When we first laid it out, it seemed like a residential building because it looked like we had balconies everywhere,” says Branch. “We had to tweak the design a bit to keep that office building look.” As a result, every floor will have about 1,500 square feet of terrace space for the tenants.
The move toward the outdoors has been underway for years, but unlike in the past, this new generation of outdoor spaces is less about escape than about adding new types of spaces for people to work and interact in. In expensive markets such as New York, landlords understand that these kinds of spaces are appealing to workers and also to the companies that are trying to attract and retain them. With office vacancy rates higher than normal during the pandemic, landlords and building owners know they need to try harder to lure in tenants.
Schimenti Construction Company - NY Office Relocation
尽管受新冠肺炎影响，许多人已经改变了对办公室环境的看法，但Marc认为这种趋势不一定是由疫情引发的，有时也反映了一种全新的办公模式。他表示：“我们在每个项目中几乎都要求设计户外空间。所以我们知道这些空间的重要性”。Marc预计未来新建筑的设计将把上述空间融入其中，带有户外空间的既有建筑可能更受租户和业主欢迎。Marc表示：“假设我们现在进行购置，我们可以购置一栋不带露台的建筑或一栋需要花费一定的成本来增设户外空间的带露台的建筑，我们会选择后者，原因在于租户更青睐于带有户外空间的建筑，也只有这样，办公楼才能更好出租。我认为这方面的需求已快速增多。”
就CallisonRTKL而言，Marc希望对带有户外空间的新建筑进行租用后分析，了解这些空间的用途以及它们是否会影响员工的工作效率。他表示：“真正有意义的事情在于从经济层面上证明这些空间的价值。诚然增设空间、打造更好的环境需要一定的成本，但带来的回报却是工作效率和生产力的提高。我认为在这方面还有很多工作要做，但设计师需要利用科学来帮助我们确定哪些空间有价值，哪些空间没有价值。”
Though COVID-19 has changed the way a lot of people think about office environments, Marc says this trend isn’t necessarily a pandemic reaction; it sometimes reflects a new way of working. “We are doing outdoor spaces in almost every single one of our projects. That’s how important we believe they are,” he says. Marc expects new buildings to have these kinds of spaces incorporated into their designs going forward. For existing buildings, those with outdoor spaces are likely to be more popular with both tenants and landlords. “Of course, if we’re out doing an acquisition right now, and we can buy a building with no terraces or a building with terraces, and we have to pay a little more, we would do that because that’s what tenants are going to want, and you can fill that building,” says Settles. “I think the bar has been raised.”
As for CallisonRTKL, Marc says he’s hoping to do some post-occupancy analysis of new buildings with outdoor spaces to see exactly how they’re being used, and whether they have any impact on worker productivity. “That would be the real meaningful thing, is to prove it economically. Yes, you spent some money to do this, you created a better environment, and see here the payoff is better productivity,” he says. “I think we have a little more work to do on this and it’s going to evolve, but I think we’re going to be using science to help us decide what’s valuable and what’s not.”
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作者简介
Marc Fairbrother
AIA，NCARB，LEED GA
CallisonRTKL华盛顿特区办公室副总裁
Marc在项目从概念设计到施工管理的各个阶段都有丰富的经验，他设计过的项目包括写字楼、商业综合体、豪华住宅，公共建筑总体规划以及大使馆、酒店和度假村。作为CallisonRTKL商业办公及豪华住宅业务领域的领头人，负责了公司获得的第一个LEED白金认证的办公建筑，他目前正在将可持续办公设计领域的专业知识带入到国际市场。
Marc has extensive experience in all phases of project development from concept design through construction administration. Marc's portfolio encompasses smart office buildings, large-scale mixed-use projects, luxury residential developments, master planning for public and private sector clients, embassies, hotels and resorts. A recognized leader in the commercial office and luxury residential industry, Marc leads CRTKL's Commercial Office sector. Responsible for the firm’s first LEED Platinum office building, he is currently expanding his expertise in sustainable office design into the international market.
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