转载分享 | 论人性--乔姆斯基与福柯论辩录

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《理论语言学五道口站》（2020年第54期，总第118期）分享美国著名语言学家Noam Chomsky和法国著名哲学家Michel Foucault从“人性”一题出发，所展开的一场“世纪辩论”。这场辩论发生于1971年，由荷兰哲学家、电视台主持人Fons Elders主持。

视频及其简介转载自公众号：想当国师的哲学家们。

01

人物简介

Noam Chomsky

乔姆斯基被认为是现代语言学的奠基人，是现代语言学史上被引用最多的学者之一。他的开创性著作包括《句法结构》、《语言与心智》、《句法理论的若干问题》以及《最简方案》，每一本书都对该领域的发展做出了杰出的贡献。他获得过许多奖项，包括京都奖——“基础科学”类、亥姆霍兹奖和本杰明·富兰克林计算机与认知科学奖。

乔姆斯基提出了乔姆斯基层级、生成语法和普遍语法的概念。普遍语法是所有人类语言的基础，建立在思维或脑的先天结构之上。乔姆斯基不仅改变了语言学领域，他的研究还影响了认知科学、哲学、心理学、计算机科学、数学、儿童教育和人类学等领域。

乔姆斯基于2017年秋季入职亚利桑那大学。他从1955年开始在麻省理工学院担任教授一职，其后成为荣誉教授。

Considered the founder of modern linguistics,Noam Chomsky is one of the most cited scholars in modern history. Among his groundbreaking books are “Syntactic Structures”, “Language and Mind,” “Aspects of the Theory of Syntax,” and “The Minimalist Program,” each of which has made distinct contributions to the development of the field. He has received numerous awards, including the Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences, the Helmholtz Medal and the Ben Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science.

Chomsky introduced the Chomsky hierarchy, generative grammar and the concept of a universal grammar, which underlies all human speech and is based in the innate structure of the mind/brain. Chomsky has not only transformed the field of linguistics, his work has influenced fields such as cognitive science, philosophy, psychology, computer science, mathematics, childhood education, and anthropology.

Chomsky joined the UA in fall 2017, coming from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he worked since 1955 and was Institute Professor, later Institute Professor emeritus. 

Michel Foucault

米歇尔·福柯（1926-1984），法国著名哲学家、社会思想家。

他的论著主要围绕几个常见主题展开：权力及其与知识的关系(知识社会学) ，以及这种关系在不同历史环境中的表现。他把历史划分为一系列“认识”，并将其定义为文化内一定形式的权利分布。对福柯来说，权力并不是固定的、可掌控的地位，而是一种贯穿整个社会的“能量流动”。

Michel Foucault (1926-1984) was a famous French philosopher as well as a social thinker.

His main work always revolves around several common components and topics, his main topics are power and its relationship to knowledge (the sociology of knowledge), and the performance of this relationship in different historical environments. He divided history into a series of “understandings” that Foucault defined as a certain form of power distribution within a culture. For Foucault, power is not a fixed, graspable position, but a “flow of energy” that runs through the whole society.

Fons Elders

冯斯·厄尔德斯，荷兰哲学家、人文研究大学名誉教授、著名电视节目主持人。青年时期，他曾在阿姆斯特丹、巴黎和莱顿学习系统哲学、国际关系和历史。

Fons Eldersisa is a Dutch philosopher and an emeritus professor at the University of Humanistic Studies. He is also a famous TV host. In his youth, Fons Elders studied systematic philosophy, international relations and history in Amsterdam, Paris and Leiden.

02

论人性—乔姆斯基与福柯论辩录

1971年，语言学家诺姆·乔姆斯基和哲学家米歇尔·福柯被荷兰哲学家、电视台主持人冯斯·厄尔德斯请到一起，完成了一次堪称“世纪辩论”的辩论——有没有一种独立于经历和外部影响的内在的人性？

他们的辩论在当代哲学家阐述各自哲学流派的辩论中是最刺激和最独特的，不仅是这一点，这二位高端知识分子共性之一是好辩论；这场辩论很快就拓展到了更宽泛的领域，涉及了历史、创造力、自由以及为政治正义所作的斗争。

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视频及其简介来源：想当国师的哲学家们

编辑：高洁 陈金玉

排版：陈金玉

审校：高洁