理论与方法专栏 | 论线性排序：基于限制性理论的探讨
编者按
《理论语言学五道口站》（2022年第61期，总第264期）理论与方法专栏为大家推荐意大利威尼斯大学语言学教授Guglielmo Cinque的著作：On Linearization: Toward a Restrictive Theory（《论线性排序：基于限制性理论的探讨》）。该书将于2023年3月在MIT Press出版。
著作简介
On Linearization: Toward a Restrictive Theory
《论线性排序：基于限制性理论的探讨》
Abstract：
Linearization, or the typical sequence of words in a sentence, varies tremendously from language to language. Why, for example, does the English phrase “a white table” need a different word order from the French phrase “une table blanche,” even though both refer to the same object? Guglielmo Cinque challenges the current understanding of word order variation, which assumes that word order can be dealt with simply by putting a head either before or after its complements and modifiers. The subtle variations in word order, he says, can provide a window into understanding the deeper structure of language and are in need of a sophisticated explanation.
The bewildering variation in word order among the languages of the world, says Cinque, should not dissuade us from researching what, if anything, determines which orders are possible (and attested/attestable) and which orders are impossible (and not attested/nonattestable), both when they maximally conform to the “head-final” or “head-initial” types and when they depart from them to varying degrees. His aim is to develop a restrictive theory of word order variation—not just a way to derive the ideal head-initial and head-final word orders but also the mixed cases.
In the absence of an explicit theory of linearization, Cinque provides a general approach to derive linear order from a hierarchical arrangement of constituents, specifically, by assuming a restrictive movement analysis that creates structures that can then be linearized by Richard S. Kayne's Linear Correspondence Axiom.
简介：
线性排序（即句子的典型语序）在不同语言中差异巨大。例如，为何英语短语“a white table”和法语短语“une table blanche”指的是同一个物体，却需要用不同的语序表达？目前对于语序变异的解读认为，中心语置于补足语和修饰语之前还是之后足以解释语序，但Guglielmo Cinque教授向这一观点发出挑战，他认为，语序上的细微变异是理解语言深层结构的窗口，需要更加精密的解释。
Cinque教授指出，尽管世界众多语言中的语序变异令人眼花缭乱，但若存在某种因素决定哪些语序可能（已证实的/可证实的）而哪些不可能（未证实的/不可证实的），那么无论这些语序是符合还是背离“中心语居前”或“中心语居后”两种类型，都不应该阻挡我们探究其决定因素的脚步。Cinque教授为语序变异建立限制性理论，使之不仅能对理想的中心语居前或中心语居后语序进行推导，而且适用于二者综合的情况。
虽然没有明确提出线性排序的理论，但Cinque教授提出了从句子成分的层级排列中推导线性顺序的一般方法。具体而言，是通过限制性移位分析推导出句子结构，然后根据Richard S. Kayne教授的线性对应公理（Linear Correspondence Axiom）进行线性排序。
-Guglielmo Cinque-
Guglielmo Cinque，意大利威尼斯大学语言学教授，现代最简句法领军人物之一，美国语言学会荣誉会员。Cinque教授的研究领域为生成语法和语言类型学。他与Luigi Rizzi教授是句法制图的奠基人，致力于探究语言的精细结构。
Guglielmo Cinque is a Professor of Linguistics at Ca' Foscari University of Venice. He is one of the leading figures in modern minimalist syntax. He is also an honorary member of the Linguistic Society of America. Cinque works in the fields of generative grammar and language typology. Together with Luigi Rizzi he belongs to the founding figures of cartographic syntax, a research area devoted to the fine structure of languages.
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编辑：丁子意 董泽扬
排版：丁子意 董泽扬
审校：时仲 田英慧
英文编审负责人：董泽扬