划重点 | 抗生素滥用主题作文实用表达及万能句
小白老师说：本文给大家总结了抗生素滥用这个主题的实用表达和写作万能句，希望能帮你增加语料储备、提升写作能力，万一考到，有备无患。
上周给大家练笔的作文题受到了广大考生朋友的热烈欢迎。赶快点这里回顾▼
这个主题的作文一定要写一写，参加医学博士英语统考才有底气啊！
虽然小白老师研究医博英语统考多年，对这个考试有很多自己的经验和心得，但是在作文预测上一直持非常谨慎的态度，一来医学科普话题丰富，真的很难预测；二来也怕万一不准误导考生。
2015 年底，在连云港做面授辅导的时候，小白老师其实就有强烈预感，医学健康类话题考了这么多年，很有可能会更换思路。我比较倾向于医政、医改以及医生的职业发展等话题，但是当时怕万一不准误导学员，就没有在课上说，也没有做太多的挖掘，只跟个别熟识的学员提过一二。后来 2016 年统考的作文题目出来竟然真的是“全科医生的培养与发展”。当然现在说这个未免有些马后炮之嫌，所以还是按下不提了。
去年这个时候，小白老师一直在思考作文的选题。有之前的“前车之鉴”，加之备考的童鞋们呼声甚高，所以小白老师还是决定把自己的心得与大家分享，预测了作文题一二，竟然一击即中！点击这里查看详情▼
又到一年考试季，小白老师揣摩良久，觉得有几个题目“很像”，决定还是拿出来和大家分享。小白老师会就这几个作文主题出题，仿照考试的形式，给出中文文章，请大家写英文概要式作文。主要目的是练兵，顺便押题。
“抗生素滥用” 这个主题是小白老师今年预测的几个话题中的一个，这是一个很有价值的热点话题（2017 年的阅读理解也考到了这个主题），也非常好出题，作文还没有考过。点击这里查看抗生素滥用主题的作文题▼
很多备考的童鞋都动笔写了这个文章，今天就来把抗生素滥用主题的作文给大家划个重点，主要是小白老师为大家准备的实用表达和万能句，希望能就这个话题能帮大家准备充分。还是那句话，万一考到，有备无患！ （
第一，关于作文的标题，记住两点：
如果中文原文有标题，那我们的作文也应该拟一个对应的英文标题；
英文标题中，除了介词，其他所有单词都应首字母大写。
之前给大家预测的抗生素滥用这篇文章的中文标题是 “滥用抗生素的危害”，那么用英文我们可以写成：
Hazards of Antibiotic Abuse
这个标题中，hazards 也可以写成 dangers。
有童鞋写完了作文，到公众号后台哭诉：小白老师，我写作文的时候竟然“滥用” 不知道用英语怎么说，只好写成 overuse，写完了作文一查词典，才知道英语用 abuse。
词汇量是硬伤啊！不过到了考场上，遇到关键词不会写也不要慌，要想办法变通，abuse（滥用）这个词不会，用 overuse（过度使用）来替代，确实意思有偏差，比较勉强，但是如果我们 overuse 的在后面追加一个 misuse（乱用），即 overuse and misuse 联手，大体上也敌得过 abuse 了。
第二，下面，就抗生素滥用（antibiotic abuse）这个主题，从定义、现状、原因、危害、举措这个五个方面为大家整理了实用的、可套用的句子。这些句子全部选自主流外媒，严谨、地道。
定 义
Antibiotic misuse, sometimes called antibiotic abuse or antibiotic overuse, refers to the misuse or overuse of antibiotics, with potentially serious effects on health.
It is a contributing factor to the development of antibiotic resistance, including the creation of multidrug-resistant bacteria, informally called "super bugs", which can develop resistance to multiple antibiotics and cause life-threatening infections.
现 状
Antibiotic resistance is one of the world's most pressing health problems. According to a recent survey, up to one-third to one-half of antibiotic use in humans is unnecessary or inappropriate.
The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of antibiotics, which have transformed medicine and saved millions of lives. Many decades after the first patients were treated with antibiotics, bacterial infections have again become a threat.
Antibiotics are drugs used for treating infections caused by bacteria. Also known as antimicrobial drugs, antibiotics have saved countless lives. Misuse and overuse of these drugs, however, have contributed to a phenomenon known as antibiotic resistance. This resistance develops when potentially harmful bacteria change in a way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of antibiotics.
Antibiotics have been commonly available since the 1940s, and have done wonders at saving patients with infections ranging from pneumonia to sexually spread diseases. But bacteria have increasingly gained the power to shrug off antibiotics.
原 因
The overuse of antibiotics — especially taking antibiotics even when they're not the appropriate treatment — promotes antibiotic resistance. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, up to one-third to one-half of antibiotic use in humans is unnecessary or inappropriate.
Experts say chances of resistance increase when antibiotics are not used long enough or are taken for the wrong reasons, allowing bacteria to survive and adapt.
Livestock producers routinely give antibiotics to animals to make them grow faster or help them survive crowded, stressful, and unsanitary conditions. When these drugs are overused—by humans or animals—some bacteria become antibiotic-resistant, threatening the future effectiveness of these medicines. Public-health officials say antibiotic resistance is one of the leading human health threats of our time.
There has been massive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. The most abundant use of antimicrobials worldwide are in livestock; they are typically distributed in animal feed or water for purposes such as disease prevention and growth promotion.
Inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics and insufficient infection control in health care facilities can contribute to drug resistance and put patients at risk for deadly infections, like C. difficile-associated diarrhea.
危 害
Overuse is one reason antibiotics are losing their punch, making infections harder to treat.
Frequent and inappropriate use of antibiotics can cause bacteria or other microbes to change so antibiotics don’t work against them. This is called bacterial resistance or antibiotic resistance. Treating these resistant bacteria requires higher doses of medicine or stronger antibiotics. Because of antibiotic overuse, certain bacteria have become resistant to even the most powerful antibiotics available today.
Antibiotic resistance is a widespread problem, and one that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) calls "one of the world's most pressing public health problems." Bacteria that were once highly responsive to antibiotics have become more and more resistant. Among those that are becoming harder to treat are pneumococcal infections (which cause pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, and meningitis), skin infections, and tuberculosis.
In addition to antibiotic resistance, overusing antibiotics can lead to other problems. Antibiotics kill many different bacteria, even the good ones that help keep the body healthy. Sometimes taking antibiotics can cause a person to develop diarrhea due to a lack of good bacteria that help digest food properly. In some cases, bad bacteria, like Clostridium difficile (or C diff), may overgrow and cause infections.
举 措
Now more than ever is the time for public health authorities and health care facilities to work together. Health departments, track and alert health care facilities to drug-resistant outbreaks in their area. Health care facilities, work with public health authorities to share information about antibiotic-resistant germs and C. difficile to stop their spread.
With effective infection control and antibiotic stewardship efforts, we could save 37,000 lives over five years.
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