还在给癫痫患者掐人中、塞勺子、做CPR？癫痫急救你真的做对了吗？
小白老师说：朋友圈里热闹非凡，大连两位医生救癫痫患者感动首都机场，却被专家指出是误导。 没想到媒体上大力宣传的掐人中、给嘴里塞东西、泼冷水等等都是错的。路遇癫痫患者发作，我们到底该如何科学救助呢？小白老师在国外医学网站上找了篇专业文章给自己科普了一下，顺便带大家一起来读一读，学点英语。
事情是这样的▼
我们时常在报纸上看到这样的 “急救常识”：路遇癫痫病人突然发作，应该第一时间塞东西到癫痫病人的嘴里，以免病人牙关紧咬的时候，咬伤自己的舌头。
这样的新闻，网上一搜就是一大堆▼
读完今天的文章，小白老师才知道，原来这些做法都是错误的！先让我静一静。。。
其实，在日常生活中遇到有人倒地，我们吃瓜群众不该二话不说上去就掐人中或找东西塞人家嘴，我们应该先大致判断一下患者到底是心脏病还是癫痫病。▼
文章关键词：
seizure n. 癫痫发作
epilepsy n. 癫痫，癫痫症
Dos and Don'ts of Seizure First Aid
Would you know what to do if you witnessed someone having a seizure? These dos and don'ts could help you save a person's life.
A seizure can be terrifying to witness, especially if you aren’t prepared to help. Doctors say that it’s a good idea for everyone to know how to react（反应） with the right first aid, particularly if a family member, friend, or co-worker（同事） has epilepsy.
How to Recognize a Seizure
When 10-year-old Will Bibbo had his first seizure a year ago, his mother, Margaret, was understandably frightened. “It was the middle of the night, and he started making gurgling sounds（咯咯声）, like he was choking（窒息）," she recalls. "He was foaming（吐泡沫） at the mouth, and his body was rigid（僵硬的）.” Not knowing what else to do, the Atlanta mother called 911.
“With the most intense seizures, a person will make choking sounds, go stiff（僵硬）, lose consciousness, and jerk（痉挛，猛拉） their arms and legs," says Joshua Rotenberg, MD, a pediatric neurologist（小儿神经科医师） at Memorial Hermann Memorial City Medical Center in Houston. "It can be very dramatic and very hard to miss.”
The most important thing you can do if you witness someone having a seizure, he says, is to stay calm. About 80 percent of seizures are over in three minutes — which makes it all the more important to act quickly and effectively. These basic dos and don’ts can help.
Epilepsy First Aid: Dos 该做什么
Keep a cool head under pressure. Focus on your goal — to keep the person safe until the seizure stops.
Move things out of the way. Remove the individual’s eyeglasses, tie（领带）, or scarf（丝巾）, if you can. Also look out for any hard or sharp objects nearby that might cause injury. If the person is seated, try to gently pull him onto a flat surface so he does not fall.
Place something soft and flat under the head. A pillow, a folded jacket, or a sweater offers protection.
Try to turn the person on her side. This clears the airways by allowing saliva（唾液） to flow out of the mouth.
Time（计时） the seizure. Note the time when the seizure begins. An epileptic seizure will generally last only two to three minutes.
Check for medical identification（医学鉴定）. Someone with epilepsy should be wearing a medical bracelet（手环） or card containing emergency contact information, what medications he takes, and any drug allergies.
Call 911 — if you don’t know the person; if it is the person’s first seizure; if the person is pregnant, has diabetes, or is injured; or if the seizure lasts longer than five minutes.
Control the crowd. If you are in a public place, clear a path for emergency medical workers and tell onlookers（围观的人） to move along.
Epilepsy First Aid: Don’ts 不该做什么
Restrain the person. You could injure the person or get injured yourself.
Offer food or drink. Even a sip（一小口） of water could cause choking.
Put anything in the person’s mouth. It is not true that people having an epileptic seizure can swallow their tongue. Attempting to put an object in the individual’s mouth could be dangerous to you and to him.
Perform CPR. Don’t attempt cardio pulmonary respiration or artificial respiration unless the person is not breathing when the seizure has stopped.
总结一下：
不能往癫痫发作病人嘴里塞任何东西。如果强行撬开癫痫发作病人的口腔，填塞筷子、瓢根儿、牙刷等硬物，反而可能严重的伤害病人的牙齿、牙龈、舌头、口腔黏膜等组织，造成更多的出血。血凝块堵塞呼吸道，才可能使病人窒息死亡。
有同学说塞硬的不行，塞软的可以不呢？答案是：也不行！强行塞入手帕、手套、袜子等软物，最大的危害也是阻塞病人的呼吸道，加重病人的缺氧，反而延长了病人的发作时间。
不光是不要往人家嘴巴头塞东西，任何掐人中、喷冷水、扇耳光、大声呼喊等等行为，对癫痫病人都是无效的。不但帮不到病人，反而更加制造其它围观吃瓜群众的恐慌情绪。
此外，更不要强行去按压病人、制约肌肉的强烈抽搐，这不仅阻止不了癫痫，更有可能造成病人的肌肉损伤甚至骨折。
路上遇到有人癫痫大发作，正确的做法是：让人家安静地、安全的抽一会儿就好了。。。
千万不要随意搬动病人，只需要在病人身体附近做好软性保护，移开周围可能危及病人的危险品（开水、火源、尖锐物等）。避免病人头部撞击在坚硬的地面（可能脑伤），避免病人四肢卡压在狭窄的腔隙（可能骨折），避免病人落水（溺亡），避免病人烧伤、烫伤。
癫痫发作终止后，轻柔擦拭病人的口腔分泌物，将病人置于侧卧位，避免分泌物误吸入呼吸道。如果病人长时间不见好转，请立即拨打急救电话，寻求专业医疗救治。
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