天啊!“小便”用英语你都不会说?!
小白老师说:很多患者去看泌尿科,总是窘迫万分,不知如何开口,而作为医生的你,又该如何从容问诊?今天就来聊聊与泌尿科相关的英文。文末有福利,学霸不要错过。
“小便” 最普通的说法是 urinate(名词是 urination)。如果你需要问患者小便是否有问题,就可以用下面两个句子:
Do you have trouble urinating?
Do you have difficulty voiding?
小便有困难吗?
void 是个动词,原意是“排放,排空”,这里是“排尿”的意思。
尿液的成分
此外,“小便” 还有很多其他的说法:
piss
take a piss
take a leak
pass water
例如:
I need to piss. = I have to take a leak.
我要小便。
How often do you get up at night to void?
晚上起床小便几次?
注意:piss 这个词虽然可以指 “小便”,但更多的是用于口语 piss off ,这个俚语指对人生气或对事物的不满,如果某人被 piss off(触怒)了,那这个人看起来有点气急败坏的样子,所以少用为妙。 例如:
He pissed me off.
= He made me angry. 他让我感到很恼火。
He always pisses off (at) the society.
他对社会非常不满。
小孩子撒尿多半用 pee ,例如:
The boy needs to pee. ▼
小婴儿还没有学会自己控制 pee,所以需要兜尿布(diaper)▼
不兜尿布的后果嘛,你懂的。。。▼
“尿检” 叫做 urine test,在这里,尿液urine 就成了化验的样品(specimen)。 如果你需要病人做一个尿检,就可以给他一个杯子说:
Will / Could you urinate / pee in this cup?▼
泌尿系统用英语叫做 urinary system,主要包括肾脏(kedney) ,输尿管 (ureter),和膀胱 (bladder) ▼
英国人会把泌尿系统(urinary system)委婉地称之为 waterworks。这个词原意是“供水系统,大型水厂”,用来指人的泌尿系统还真是非常贴切呀!
比如医生需要问前来就诊的病人“你泌尿有问题?”,就可以说:
So you have problems with your waterworks?
来看泌尿科的病人,常见的主诉有:
My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.
有浊尿,味道很重。
I have pus / air in urine.
尿有泡沫 (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
I dribble a little urine after i have finished urinating.
小便后还会滴滴答答。(即失禁)
I am passing less urine than usual.
小便的量比平时少。
如果有小便没有 hold 住,那就是尿失禁(urinary incontinence)了,在英语国家,尿失禁的病人在主诉的时候可能会说:“I had an accident. ”,那我们千万不要以为他出了车祸,have an accident 在泌尿科的语境下其实是尿失禁的委婉语。他也有可能说:
I messed myself. (原意:我把自己弄脏了。)
I was not able to hold on. (原意:我没能憋住。)
I wet myself. (原意:我把自己弄湿了。)
这些句子都是“小便失禁”的委婉表达。
尿失禁的类型
小便有问题,人们自然要去看泌尿科 urology department,泌尿科医生就叫做 urologist▼
这里给大家补充一些泌尿科常用的问诊口语:
So you have problems with your urination?
你小便有问题?
So you have troube with your urinary tract?
你尿路有问题?
Do you have to go more often than usual?
你小便次数比平时多吗?
Have often do you actually go during the day?
你一天小便几次?
What about during the night? 晚上呢?
When you pass water, do you have difficulty starting?
你小便的时候一开始会很难尿出来吗?
After you have stopped urinating, do a few extra drops continue?
你小便完了会不会又漏几滴出来?
Do you have any stinging or burning when you urinate?
你小便的时候有刺痛感或灼痛感吗?
Have you noticed any difference in the color of the urine?
你有没有发现你的尿液颜色和平时不一样?
Is it any darker or have you ever noticed any blood in it?
尿液颜色比平时深吗?有没有血?
Do you drink a lot of water?
你喝水多吗?
That is a question ...
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