献给备考的你 | 长对话历年真题考点剖析与总结
小白老师说：听力有听力的特点，对话有对话的规律，出题有出题的套路。以真题为鉴，可以明得失。
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对历年真题分析总结后发现，医博英语考试长对话的题目设置常出现在以下位置：问答处、因果关系处、转折处、举例列举处，以及观点态度处等。我们在备考及考试过程中，要对这些位置格外重视。
一、问答处
长对话中，双方一问一答是常态，而这些问答之处也就成为出题的最佳位置。因此，我们在听到对话一方使用疑问句或疑问语气时，应格外注意下文中的应答语。听力原文中的问句极有可能成为题目，而我们要找的答案往往就是另一方的回答，或这个回答的同义替换。
2010年长对话真题
对话内容 | 问题及选项 |
W: Sorry to hear that. And how are you feeling at the moment? M: A bit better. | 18. How is the man feeling now? A. A lot better. B. Terribly awful. C. Couldn’t be better. D. Okay, but a bit weak. Answer: D |
从上面的示例不难看出，题目的设置与原文基本一致，考生只要格外重视问句出现的位置，答案便唾手可得。通常情况下，此类题型以考察细节为主，且位置相对单一。
二、因果关系处
在长对话总出现因果关系时，多半是对话双方各持己见，或对某种行为做出解释之时，因此也是命题的高频出处。我们在听到或看到题目中出现 because、for、as、why 等因果关系词时，应迅速反应，其后的内容很有可能成为解题的关键。如：
2013年长对话真题
对话内容 | 问题及选项 |
W: Wow, so complicated. By the way, can we catch swine flu from eating pork? M: Actually, ill pigs are not allowed to enter the market. Cooking also kills the virus. Only people who work with pigs can catch the virus. | 17. What may cause people to have swine flu? A. Eating port. B. Raising pigs. C. Eating chicken. D. Breeding to birds. Answer: B |
我们需要特别注意的是，除了 because、for、as、why、because of 等较为常见的因果关系词外，还有许多逻辑连接词或短语可用于表达因果关系：
表原因：because、as、since、for、now that（以上后跟从句）
because of、thanks to、owing to、due to、as a result of、on account of、on the ground of、in view of、by virtue of（以上后跟短语）等；
表结果：so、consequently、therefore、as a result (of)、as a consequence、thus、hence、accordingly、lead to、result in、(only) to do
三、转折处
长对话中双方讨论的问题往往并不那么顺利，因此常出现这样的情况，即转折关系词后才是说话人真正想表达的意思，类似的转折关系词包括：but、nevertheless、however、 instead、on the other hand、on the contrary、whereas、even so、despite (the fact that)、in spite of 、regardless of、 yet、 even though / if 等。如：
2008年长对话真题
对话内容 | 问题及选项 |
W: During the operation, they will fit you externally with a colostomy bag. M: You mean the bag of shit hanging inside of my clothes? W: Well, that’s perhaps an unnecessarily way of putting it. But, broadly speaking, yes. It is sealed and odor-free. They’ll show you how to empty it and change it for yourself. And nobody need ever know that you’ve got one unless you tell them. | 17. What does the doctor recommend the man to do? A. To have a colonoscopy. B. To seek a second opinion. C. To be put on chemotherapy. D. To have his bowel removed.
Answer: A |
在这个对话中，医生说会在手术中给病人装个造瘘袋，病人表示很难接受，提出质疑。医生先是和病人共情了一下，说“that’s perhaps an unnecessarily way of putting it”，然后话锋一转，说“But, broadly speaking, yes”，表明了自己的立场和态度，强调必须装造瘘袋。由此可见，转折词 but 往往是题目真正的落点，我们在考试中要特别重视。
四、举例列举处
对话双方在讨论中，常常会援引实例来论证自身观点，或对较复杂观点进行解释说明。因此，举例部分不仅成为我们理解某些较复杂论点的关键，也成为近年来命题的一大考点。
值得我们注意的是，除 for example、for instance、such as、take ... as an example 等较为明显的举例信号词外，更常见的情况是说话人直接举例或列举，所以我们在听到一连串并列的词或短语时也要尤为注意。如：
2013年长对话真题
对话内容 | 问题及选项 |
M: The most common symptoms are fever, fatigue, lack of appetite and coughing, although some people also develop runny nose, sore throat, vomiting or diarrhea. | 18. According to the dialogue, which is among the most common symptoms of swine flu? A. Runny nose. B. Inappetence. C. Pains all over. D. Diarrhea. Answer: B |
上例中说话人列举之前并没有出现明显的信号词，这要求考生在听前读题时就应注意到题目特点，即四个选项均为名词，都是疾病症状，因此不难推测本题考点在列举处。
另外，近年来还存在一种命题趋势，我们把它称之为“排除题”，常见的命题方式有以下两种：
Which of the following is correct / incorrect? 或者：
The following are ... except ...?
此类题目的考点多见于原文中的举例列举处。比如：
2009年长对话真题
对话内容 | 问题及选项 |
M: Dr. Smith, do I need surgery? W: Surgery isn’t an option at this stage. Although we cannot operate, there’s still a lot we can do to help you. You’ve got tablets for relief, and we can give you something stronger if you need it. We can also start you on a course of chemotherapy to help you with your symptoms. This won’t cure you, but will make you feel more comfortable. It’s unusual to have any unpleasant side effects with this kind of chemotherapy. I like you to see a dietician for some advice on what you eat and to help you get your appetite back. | 18. Which of the following is NOT a suggestion for Mr. Scot? A. To see a dietician. B. To have an operation. C. To start chemotherapy. D. To take medication for pain relieve.
Answer: B |
我们在做类似上例的题目时可采用一个小策略，在熟悉所有选项的大致内容后，在听对话的过程中在符合题目要求的已听到选项后打钩，最后未做标记的选项基本上就是我们要选的正确答案。这样可以有效地避免由于漏听或误听造成的误选。我们不妨在备考时就采用此技巧，最终使其内化为做题时的习惯，从而提高答题准确率。
五、观点态度题
长对话中对话双方就某人某事表述个人观点时，往往也是命题者的高频考点。因此，在听到 I think、I believe、I'm afraid、I assume、I consider、I want 等引出观点的动词或 optimistic、positive、negative、suspicious 等表示态度的形容词时，我们也要提高警惕。如：
2009年长对话真题
对话内容 | 问题及选项 |
W: Mr. Scot, I’d like to record this consultation, so you and Mrs. Scot can play back later for anything that may not be clear to you today. I’m afraid that the scan results aren’t very good. It’s likely that you got a recurrence of cancer in your pancreas. That would explain why you’ve been feeling so tired, and your loss of appetite and weight. | 17. According to the doctor’s diagnosis, what’s happened to Mr. Scot？ A. He has got cancer in his pancreas. B. He falls with a stomach problem. C. He suffers from fatigue. D. He has a loss of weight. Answer: A |
从医生的表述不难看出，他认为Mr. Scot的扫描结果不是很理想，他觉得病人得了胰腺癌，因此选出正确答案 A 也就易如反掌。
其他常用来引出观点态度的词还包括：
Some people hold that ...
Most scientists assert that ...
Most women argue that ...
Many foreigners believe that ...
It is generally accepted that ...
It is commonly learned that ...
It is globally realized that ...
It is universally acknowledged that ...
As we know, ...
As is known to all, ...
As far as I'm concerned, ...
As for me, ..
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