从外媒的报道看打倒拳王阿里的帕金森病
小白老师说：据美国当地媒体报道，拳王阿里于当地时间6月3日晚间病逝，享年74岁。阿里是历史上第1位3次夺得重量级拳王称号的运动员，被认为是“20世纪最伟大的运动员”之一。他在1984年被诊断出患上了帕金森病，在之后的32年里饱受该病的折磨。拳王和帕金森，我们一起来看外媒如何报道。
The Guardian 英国卫报 ▼
标题：Why Parkinson's was Ali's geatest battle
导语：After being diagnosed in 1984, Muhammad Ali raised public awareness of Parkinson’s – and millions of dollars
知识点
在这段导语中，值得注意的是raise的用法，作者巧妙地利用了raise的一词多义。
1. raise public awareness 唤起公众对帕金森病的注意
raise作动词，可以表示唤起，激起，提高
例：This book raised my interest in the study of history.
这本书引起了我研究历史的兴趣。
2. raise millions of dollars 筹集了数百万美元
raise 还可以表示集资，筹款，募捐
例：Events held to raise money for flood victims.
人们举行的活动为水患灾民募捐。
BBC News ▼
标题：Muhammad Ali: Septic shock caused boxing legend's death
导语：Boxing legend Muhammad Ali died of "septic shock due to unspecified natural causes", his family has said.
知识点
1. Septic shock 感染性休克
例：Corticosteroid replacement therapy is currently one of the standard treatments for sepsis and septic shock patients.
糖皮质激素替代治疗目前是全身性感染和感染性休克治疗的主要手段之一。
2. unspecified natural causes 未指明的自然原因
unspecified adj. 未指明的，未详细说明的
例：He was arrested on unspecified charges.
他遭到逮捕，但未透露具体罪名。
AARP Bulletin ▼
标题：Caring for The Greatest, Muhammad Ali
导语：Boxing champion’s caregiving wife, Lonnie, shows what it means to go the distance with Parkinson’s disease
知识点
1. caregiving 看护
相关的一个词是caregiver n. 看护的人
例：Love involves three neural system functions: attachment, caregiving and desire.
爱体现在三个神经功能中: 附属, 关心和欲求.
2. go the distance 永不放弃；去向远方；继续跑完全程
例：Would you like to cut the baloney and get to the one thing that will enable you to go the distance and win the game of life?
那么，你是否愿意抛弃掉那些没用的，而专注于那唯一能引导你，使你走得更远，最终赢得生命这场竞赛的事物呢？
美国 Fox News ▼
Fox的这篇报道详细介绍了打倒拳王的疾病——帕金森病，深入浅出，附上全文，同学们有兴趣可以读一下▼
ATLANTA, GA – Boxing legend Muhammad Ali died Friday at age 74 after a lengthy battle against Parkinson’s disease. Ali was diagnosed with the disease in 1984, three years after he retired.
In the following years, Parkinson’s began to take away Ali’s motor skills and his ability to speak coherently, but he never strayed from the spotlight.
coherently adv. 连贯地；前后一致地；条理清楚地
“Even though Muhammad has Parkinson’s and his speech isn’t what it used to be, he can speak to people with his eyes. He can speak to people with his heart, and they connect with him,” wife Lonnie Ali said.
非常有力的排比
She said doctors told her the disease was not the result of absorbing too many punches but a genetic condition.
punch n. 以拳猛击
Ten weeks before Ali’s match in 1980 against Larry Holmes, a team of doctors at the Mayo Clinic submitted a medical report to the Nevada State Athletic Commission describing a small hole in his brain’s outer layer and noting that the boxer reported a tingling sensation in his hands and slurred speech. He retired permanently in 1981.
tingling n. 麻刺感
例：Its effects on the nervous system include weakness, paralysis, and tingling in the hands and feet.
它对神经系统的影响包括虚弱、麻痹和手脚的略微刺痛感。
What is Parkinson’s disease?
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system, according to the Mayo Clinic. It primarily affects a patient’s movement, often starting with a small tremor in the hand or muscle stiffness and getting worse over time. There is no test for Parkinson’s, so it is occasionally misdiagnosed.
Parkinson’s patients often have trouble walking and talking. Symptoms include slowness of movement, a loss of balance and slurred speech. With the disease, “you may have a decreased ability to perform unconscious movements, including blinking, smiling or swinging your arms when you walk,” the Mayo Clinic says. The symptoms are often worse on one side of the body.
slurred adj. 发音含糊的
Whom does it affect?
Approximately 1 million people have Parkinson’s disease in the United States, according to the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation. Men are more likely to get it than women, and it usually affects people over 50.
What causes Parkinson’s disease?
Your body uses a chemical called dopamine to control movement, according to the National Institutes of Health. Dopamine is produced by neurons in the brain, which begin to die with Parkinson’s disease. With fewer live cells, a dopamine deficit occurs, causing movement issues.
dopamine n. 多巴胺
Scientists don’t know what exactly causes these cells to start to deteriorate but believe it’s a combination of genes and environmental causes. About 15% to 25% of Parkinson’s patients have a family member with the disease, the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation says.
deteriorate v. 恶化，变坏
In some cases, researchers have identified a single gene mutation that’s passed from generation to generation, according to the Michael J. Fox Foundation. “Mutations in the LRRK2 gene are the greatest genetic contributor to Parkinson’s disease discovered to date,” the site states. But in most cases, the cause is probably a combination of gene mutations.
gene mutation n. 基因突变
Studies have also linked chemicals like TCE and PERC to Parkinson’s, though the relationship has not been proved. “A simple exposure to an environmental toxin is never enough to cause Parkinson’s,” the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation states. “In fact, there is no conclusive evidence that any environmental factor, alone, can be considered a cause of the disease.
Can you treat it?
There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, according to the National Institutes of Health, but doctors can help patients cope with symptoms.
A medication called levodopa is often given to patients to help their brains make more dopamine. It’s often prescribed with carbidopa, which helps bring the levodopa into the brain.
carbidopa n. 卡比多巴
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved deep brain stimulation, which is also used to treat depression, to reduce symptoms in Parkinson’s patients. Electrodes are implanted into the brain and connected to a small device that emits programmed pulses to help control movement.
emit vt. 发出，放射
Other patients prefer less invasive forms of therapy like tai chi.
A recent study by Harvard University found that patients with Parkinson’s improved after researchers transplanted tissue from fetal dopamine cells into their brains. Patients with severe symptoms experienced 50% fewer symptoms in the years after surgery. People who had been taking medication to control their Parkinson’s but found that the medicine no longer worked also saw significant improvements after surgery.
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