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这是主旨大意题的高配版,大家了解一下

小白老师 医学博士英语 2020-02-23

小白老师说:之前给大家讲过主旨大意题,其典型提问方式为“What is the main idea of this passage?”同学们可能有所不知,其实还有一种题也可以归为主旨题,即深层理解题。这类题型主要考查考生对文章整体的理解和概括能力,而且这种题目的出镜率非常高,历年真题中常有考到。



不卖关子了,这类题目的典型提问方式是:

“Which of the following is the best title for this passage?”


小学英语中,此类题型非常简单,看懂文章讲的是个什么故事即可。在医学博士英语统考中,阅读题材往往是说明文或议论文,看似不好概括,但其实有章可循。


如果你希望把握文章的结构脉络,应该关注阅读资料的开头或结尾。一般说来(尤其是在说明文和议论文中),这两处往往有语句阐述中心思想。每个段落也有分论点,即段落主题句。


来套真题热热身,看看只给出文章首段或末尾段落,是否能选出最佳答案。


历年真题


Whitening the world’s roofs would offset the emissions of the world’s cars for 20 years, according to a new study from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Overall, installing lighter-colored roofs and pavement can cancel the heat effect of two years of global carbon dioxide emissions, Berkeley Lab says. It’s the first roof-cooling study to use a global model to examine the issue.

……


Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

  1. A Decline in Car Emissions.

  2. White Roofs or Black Pavements.

  3. The Effect of Lightening-up Roofs.

  4. Climate Change and Extreme Weathers.


 解析 

文中开头就指出了主题:“劳伦斯·伯克利国家实验室的一项新研究发现,刷白全世界的屋顶能够抵消全球车辆20年的排放。伯克利实验室称,总的来说,浅色的屋顶和路面可以抵消两年全球二氧化碳排放产生的热效应。”


而且如果阅读全文的话,我们会发现,这篇文章都是围绕科学家们研究发现将路面和屋顶变成浅色能够抵消二氧化碳的排放、帮助减缓温室效应展开的。因此,答案是C。


概括一下,确定最佳标题的方法一共是四步:


  1. 在阅读文章时,要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息,寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息,找出覆盖全文的核心词汇,看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题,也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致;


  2. 了解文章主要论题的关键是找到全文的主题句。主题句通常设在文章首段,但是也可能在文章的末端、在文章的某一段落,或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句,那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来,即为全文的主题句;


  3. 要把握文章主旨,就必须根据具体的语言环境、陈述内容的逻辑关系(文章的结构)、上下文的连贯意思及文中有关暗示来理解文章的深层含义;


  4. 有时候还可以采用逆向思维,针对这类题型,大家不妨思考一下,如果你是作者,遇到这类标题,文章应该怎么写?然后逐项排除。


要做好主旨大意题,我们复习备考的时候就要养成良好的阅读习惯,注意阅读方法(如skimming、scanning等)。平时的阅读题材要广泛,建议多读外刊新闻,留意标题的写法。


 练习    2016年真题

Less meat and dairy in our diets could help reduce agricultural greenhouse gases by as much as 80% by 2055, according to a recent study by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). The researchers created global land-use model to project likely outcomes given different scenarios involving consumer dietary trends and changes in agriculture production methods. The models take into consideration population growth, the world economy, and other factors. 


The researchers found that, if meat and dairy consumption patterns remain constant of increase, the associated global agricultural omissions will increase significantly. On the other hand, a 25% reduction over the next 40 years would help bring levels to where they were around 1995.


Methane and nitrous oxide in particular could be reduced if less meat and dairy is produced and consumed. These gases are caused largely by livestock waste and synthetic fertilizers. Around two-thirds of nitrous-oxide emissions come from agriculture—and most of that as a result of either raising animals or producing the feed used to raise them. Consumers’ food choices, combined with one PIK researcher terms “technical mitigation options on the producers side” could make an enormous impact on these emissions.


While not nearly as much methane or nitrous oxide is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, both are significantly more potent and they form substantial pieces of the greenhouse gas pie. Both of these gases trap heat and radiation in the atmosphere much more effectively than does carbon dioxide. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency cites methane as being “21 times more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide over a 100-year tine period.” Nitrous oxide is more than 300 times more effective than CO2.


While the PIK study doesn’t detail exactly which consumer choices and eating habits can help reverse the trend, it seems clear that less is more when it comes to consuming meat and dairy products.


What can be the best title for the passage?

  1. Eating Healthy

  2. From Farm to Plate

  3. Green House Effect

  4. Diet for a Healthier Planet


这一题你会怎么选呢?欢迎大家在文末留言。


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