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Unit 1单词&课文

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—————————单词表—————————

1Unit  1

﹡encyclopaedia n.百科全书    

human adj.人的 

dinosaur n.恐龙 

﹡Italian  n.意大利人

inventor  n. 发明家

musician  n. 音乐家

scientist  n.科学家

born  v. (be born)出生 

countryside  n.乡村; 农村

intelligence n.才智;智慧 

﹡artistic  adj. 有艺术天赋的

ability  n. 才能；能力

perhaps  adv.可能;大概

invention  n. 发明

notebook  n. 笔记本

include  v. 包括；包含

even  adv. (强调出乎意料) 甚至

however adv. 然而  

suddenly   adv.突然；忽然

nobody  pron. 没有人

﹡fossil  n. 化石

win  v. (won, won) (在比赛中)获胜,赢

dollar n.元（美国、加拿大等国货币单位）

in the countryside在乡村;在农村

human being人

die out灭绝;消失

find out了解(到);弄清

go for a walk去散步

沪教牛津版初中英语八年级上册 Unit 1 课文

02

Unit 1知识梳理

03

Unit 1单元测试

一、单选题（共15题；）

（  ）1.My little puppy follows me everywhere. 

A. someplace   

B. here and there      

C. one place

（  ）2.You should try to find out what made her unhappy.      

A. look at     

B. get some information about      

C. make some mistakes about

（  ）3.This book includes six units.           

A. has        

B. invents      

C. paints

（  ）4.Why don't we go for a walk in the garden? One place       

A. go out      

B. have a picnic        

C. take a walk

（  ）5.From an early age, Tom had an interest in the violin.

A. A long time ago     

B. When he grew older       

C. When he was very young

（  ）6.There is nobody in the hall because they're having a sports meeting.

A. anyone      

B. nothing       

C. no one

（  ）7.He will perhaps go to the party.

A. correctly      

B. carefully     

C. probably

（  ）8.Benny's grandparents live in the countryside. 

A. inside the city       

B. outside the city    

C. in the centre of the city

（  ）9.— Do you know Shanghai is one of _____ in the world in population?  

            —Yes, it's larger than _____ city in East China.

A. the largest city; any           

B. the largest cities; any          

C. the largest cities; any other

（  ）10.What did you _____ your old clothes?

A. do with       

B. deal with       

C. done with

（  ）11.I am interested _______ sports. I often play football and I am ____ a football team.

A. in; at       

B. in; on        

C. at; in

（  ）12.— Mum, can I do ______ much work in _____ a short time?  

            — Dear, I think you can.

A. so; so      

B. such; so    

C. so; such

（  ）13.— How many women doctors are there in your hospital?  

            — _______ them _______ over twenty.

A. A number of; are 

B. The number of; are 

C. The number of; is

（  ）14.You don't have to _______ every new word in the dictionary while reading. 

A. look for      

B. look up     

C. look at

（  ）15._________ of the four roads will take you to the hospital.

A. Neither      

B. Either      

C. Any

二、填空题（共10题；）

16.A week l________, he got enough money to buy the book.    

17.I read an article about dinosaurs in the n________ yesterday.    

18.There is n________ in the classroom. All the students are on the playground.   

19.A h________being is a person.    

20.When she was a child, she lived in the c________ with her grandparents.    

21.He went to see his grandparents a month ________ (late).    

22.None of us knows how ________ (arrive) there.    

23.Our class ________ (win) first prize in the sports meeting.    

24.His dream is to be a ________(music).    

25.________ (sudden) it began to rain this morning.    

三、完形填空（共1题；）

26.完形填空

    Noah is only 13 years old, and he's a hero. He has helped his    1       out of a fire.

    On 10th May, Noah was at home. Suddenly he heard someone    2   , "Fire! Fire!" He ran     3   . He saw a lot of smoke from next door. He went in and saw his neighbor, the 79-year-old Mrs Smith, in the kitchen. She could not get out because she had burnt her   4    . Anything. Could happen to her at that moment.

    Noah     5     ran back to his flat and poured water over his jacket. Then he      6    into Mrs Smith's kitchen to save her. There was a lot of smoke and the fire was very hot. But he was not scared. He     7    the fire with a blanket and helped Mrs Smith out.

    The fire burnt Noah's neck, arms and face. As a result, he was     8     for a month. Many people visited him and brought him flowers and presents. "What a     9     young man!" they said.

    Noah was     10    that he helped Mrs Smith. "We should help each other," he said.

    Noah also said, "Fire can be very dangerous. It is important to be careful with fire. "

四、阅读理解（共2题；）

27.阅读理解  

    What can a poem writer and a film director share? More than you think! Langston Hughes began writing poems in high school and soon became one of America's greatest writers. Most of his writing is about his experiences as an African American. He wrote poems about people who worked hard through life but still found things to be happy about. He wrote plays and books about justice(正义)for all people, and he wrote kids' books too. The Sweet and Sour Animal Book is a book of his animal poems. Pictures and photos were used in the book. "Hold fast to dreams" is a line in Hughes' famous poem. That's exactly what he did throughout his life.

    When Steven Spielberg was in middle school, he wanted to make a film. He had an idea for a film, but no money. He started a tree-planting business and made his film with the money he earned. Spielberg never stopped making films, even after many film schools refused him. Now he is one of the most popular and important filmmakers in the world. His films are about people who are adventurous(爱冒险的), brave and kind. His characters often fight for what is good. Some of his films are about his Jewish background, such as Schindler's List. Spielberg once said, "I don't dream much at night because I dream for a living." In different ways, both Hughes and Spielberg have encouraged people of all ages to achieve their dreams.21·cn·jy·com

（  ）（1）What is the best title for the passage? 

A. Two men who were afraid to dream

B. Two filmmakers who were afraid to dream

C. Two writers who weren't afraid to dream

D. Two men who weren't afraid to dream

（  ）（2）When Langston Hughes became great, he was ______ Steven Spielberg, who became popular.

A. as old as     

B. as young as       

C. younger than     

D. older than

（  ）（3）Which of the following is NOT Langston Hughes' writing about?

A. His experiences as an African American.

B. The fair treatment of animals.

C. Hard— working and happy people.

D. The fair treatment of people.

（  ）（4）What did Langston Hughes do in his whole life?

A. He never gave up his dream.

B. He sometimes had a dream to achieve.

C. He always had no dream to achieve.

D. He always wrote poems for films.

28.阅读理解  

    Ferdinand Magellan(1480~1521) was a Portuguese explorer. In 1519, he led the voyage to sail around the world. It was also the first voyage to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Magellan gave the Pacific Ocean its name, which means "peaceful sea" in Portuguese. However, Magellan was killed in a battle before the voyage was finished. Only one of his ships, Victoria completed the journey.

    It's said that Laozi lived in the about 5th century BC. It is believed that he wrote Daodejing. This book is popular in both the East and the West, and it is still widely read today. Many people have found inspiration(灵感)from this book. There are many famous sayings in Daodejing. One of them is, "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step."

    Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician and astronomer. He discovered the law of universal gravitation. In 1687, Newton published one of the most important books in the history of science. In the book, Newton described many laws that show how the universe works. It's said Albert Einstein kept a picture of Newton on the wall of his study.

（  ）（1）Which of the following was the sad news during Magellan's voyage?

A. He was killed in a battle.

B. No ship completed the journey.

C. He found the "peaceful sea".

D. He gave the Pacific Ocean its name.

（  ）（2）Daodejing is still widely read today because _______. 

A. it was written by Laozi

B. many people have found inspiration from it

C. it is popular in the world

D. many famous sayings are about a journey

（  ）（3）The greatest achievement made by Newton is that ______. 

A. he published many important books

B. he discovered the law of gravity

C. he became an English physicist

D. his picture was kept by Einstein

（  ）（4）The right match(匹配)about the passage above is ________.

I. Ferdinand Magellan

Ⅱ. Victoria

Ⅲ. Sir Isaac Newton

Ⅳ. Albert Einstein

a. the name of the ship

b. lived in the about 5th century BC

c. died in 1521

d. a physicist, mathematician and astronomer

A. I→b                 

B. Ⅱ→c      

C. Ⅲ→d      

D. IV→a

五、书面表达（共1题；）

29.根据提示记录大象的信息，以"The elephant"为题，写一篇不少于80词的短文。 

提示：

1）大象是现在陆地上最大的动物; 

2）出生时重约90公斤，高达1米; 12岁时，3米多高; 

3）通常是灰色，有长长的鼻子，嘴的两侧分别有一颗大大的象牙; 

4）性情温和，人们常常让它来运送重物，做许多事。

参考词汇：large; kilogram; trunk(象鼻）;tusk(象牙）; gentle（温和的）；on land陆地上；be known as 以......闻名 use....to..…

The elephant

The elephant is the largest animal on land today.   

It is also a tool for people to do many things.

答案解析部分

一、单选题

1. B  

解：句意：我的小狗到处跟着我。A.某地；B.到处；C.一个地方。everywhere意思是到处，故选B。

【点评】考查词义辨析，注意平时识记everywhere=here and there。

2. B  

解：句意：你应该努力查明什么让她不高兴。A.看；B.关于......得到一些信息；C.关于......犯错误。find out意思是查明。弄清楚，即得到关于......的一些信息。故选B。

【点评】考查词义辨析，首先理解短语意思。然后结合句意和下划线短语意思，选出合适的选项。

3. A  

解：句意：这本书包括6单元。A.有；B.发明；C.绘画。includes意思是包括，即有，故选A。

【点评】考查词义辨析，首先识记单词词义，然后根据句意，结合选项意思选出意思相近的单词。

4. C  

解：句意：我们为什么不在花园里散步呢？A.出去；B.去野餐；C.散步。go for a walk意思是散步，故选C。

【点评】考查词义辨析，注意平时识记go for a walk相当于take a walk。

5. C  

解：句意：从很小的时候起，Tom对小提琴感兴趣。A.长时间之前；B.当他长大时；C.当他非常小时。From an early age意思是从很小的时候，故选C。

【点评】考查词义辨析，首先识记下划线短语意思，然后根据句意，确定答案。

6. C  

解：句意：在大厅里没有人，因为他们正在举行运动会。A.任何人；B.没事；C.没人。nobody意思是没人，故选C。

【点评】考查词义辨析，注意平时识记同义词。

7. C  

解：句意：他将可能去聚会。A.正确地；B.仔细地；C.可能地。perhaps意思是可能地，即probably，故选C。

【点评】考查词义辨析，注意平时识记同义词。

8. B  

解：句意：Benny的爷爷奶奶住在乡下。A.城市里面；B.城市外面；C.市中心。in the countryside意思是在乡下，即城市外面，故选B。

【点评】考查词义辨析，注意平时识记选项意思，理解句意。

9. C  

解：句意：——你知道上海是世界上人口最多的城市之一吗？——是的，它比中国东部任何一个城市都大。city城市，可数名词，复数cities；any任何一个，后接可数名词单数；any other，其他任何一个，后接名词单数。one of+the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数+表示范围的短语。......之一。根据第一个空格前有one of，要用可数名词复数，故排除A；下句主语it指代Shanghai和 city in East China ，可知上海是中国东部城市之一，比较级不能与自己比较，与中国东部的其他的任何一个城市比较，要用any other，故选C。
【点评】考查形容词比较级和最高级句型的用法。根据句子的结构选择正确的选项。

10. A  

解：句意：你怎样处理你的旧衣服？do with和deal with，都是处理，do with 常与连接代词what连用，而deal with 常与连接副词how连用。根据句首疑问词what和助动词did，谓语动词要用动词原形，要用do with，故选A。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析。理解动词短语的意思和用法，根据句子结构，选择正确的动词短语。

11. B  

解：句意：我对体育感兴趣。我经常踢足球，我在一个足球队。in在……里；on在……之上；at在。be interested in...对……感兴趣，固定短语；in a team是在队里的意思，单纯在队伍里。on a team也有在队里的意思，但是还包括已经成为队里的一员的意思。根据  I am a football team. 可知成为足球队中的一名成员，要用on a team，故选B。
【点评】考查介词辨析。根据语法结构和固定短语，选择正确的介词。

12. C  

解：句意：——妈妈，我能在这么短的时间内做这么多工作吗？——亲爱的，我想你可以。so，如此，副词，修饰形容词或其他副词，在many或much的前面也要用so；such，如此，形容词，用来修饰名词或名词短语。第一个空格后面有much，要用so；第二个空格后面有名词短语a short time，要用such，故选C。

【点评】考查单词辨析。注意so与such在用法上的区别。

13. C  

解：句意：——在你医院里有多少女医生？——他们的数量超过20。a number of+可数名词复数，表示大量……，做主语时谓语用复数；the number of+可数名词复数，表示……的数量，做主语时谓语动词用单数。根据问句可知问的是数量，所以用the number of，所以be用is，故选C。

【点评】考查短语辨析和be用法，注意平时识记the number of+可数名词复数做主语时谓语动词用单数

14. B  

解：句意：你不必在阅读时查找字典中的每一个新词。A：look for寻找；B：look up查找（在字典或参考书中）；C：look at 看......。根据 ... every new word in the dictionary ，可知在字典中查找新词，要用look up。故选B。
【点评】考查短语动词辨析。理解短语动词的词义和用法区别，根据句子结构选择正确短语动词。

15. C  

解：句意：这四条路中任何一条都能把你送到医院。neither两者中没有一个；either两者中任意一个；any三者或三者以上的任意一个，根据 of the four roads，可知用any，故选C。

【点评】此题考查不定代词辨析。弄清所给代词的使用规则，根据上下文的联系确定所使用的代词。

二、填空题

16. later  

解：句意：一周后，他得到了足够的钱买这本书。根据句子结构可知，由逗号与句子分开，表示时间且空格处位于一段时间名词之后，要用副词。结合首字母，要用副词later，以后。故填later。
【点评】考查副词later的拼写。根据一段时间+later，表示一段时间之后，常与一般过去时连用。

17. newspaper  

解：句意：我昨天在报纸上读到一篇关于恐龙的文章。根据 read an article和in the...和首字母，可知推知应该在报纸上，newspaper，可数名词。空格前有the，要用名词，表示特指，要用单数，故填newspaper。
【点评】考查名词newspaper的拼写。根据句子结构和首字母，填写正确的词。

18. nobody  

解：句意：教室里没有人。所有的学生都在操场上。根据 All the students are on the playground. 可知教室里没有人。没有人nobody，故答案为：nobody。

【点评】此题考查不定代词拼写。根据上下文的联系和所给的首字母拼写代词。

19. human  

解：句意：一个人类是一个人。根据person，个人，可知应该是human being，人类，固定短语，故答案为：human。

【点评】此题考查单词拼写。根据上下文的联系确定所使用的单词。

20. countryside  

解：句意：她小时候和祖父母住在农村。根据题干中的a child，with her grandparents与首字母的提示可知，此空应该是countryside，乡村，农村；固定短语in the countryside，在农村，故填countryside。

【点评】考查名词countryside的基本含义及书写。注意固定短语in the countryside的构成。

21. later  

解：句意：一个月后他去看望他的祖父母。late，晚，迟到，形容词或副词。空格处位于一段时间之后且谓语动词went，可知用一般过去时，要用副词later，以后，后来。一段时间+later，表示一段时间之后。故填later。
【点评】考查一段时间+later，表示一段时间之后的用法。常与一般过去时连用。

22. to arrive  

解：句意：我们中没人知道怎样到达那里。how to do sth.怎样做某事，固定搭配，故填to arrive。

【点评】考查固定搭配how to do sth.，注意平时识记其用法。

23. won  

解：句意：我们班在运动会上得了一等奖。win，动词，赢得；win the first prize，获得一等奖。因此句要用一般过去时，win是不规则动词，其过去式为won，故填won。

【点评】考查动词win的基本含义及用法。注意win是不规则动词。

24. musician  

解：句意：他的梦想是成为一名音乐家。music，音乐，不可数名词。根据题干中的His dream is to be a …可知，此句需要表示职业的名词。music相对应的表示职业的名词为musician，音乐家，音乐人，可数名词，因前面有冠词a，要用单数形式，故填musician。

【点评】考查名词musician的基本含义及书写。musician是可数名词，根据语境确定其单复数形式。

25. Suddenly  

解：句意：今天早上突然下雨了。sudden，突然的，形容词。分析句式结构可知，此句需要副词用来修饰动词began，sudden的副词形式是suddenly，因位于句首，首字母要大写，故填Suddenly。

【点评】考查副词suddenly的基本含义及拼写。注意sudden是其形容词形式，词性不一样，用法也略有不同。

三、完形填空

26. （1）A；（2）C；（3）B；（4）C；（5）B；（6）A；（7）B；（8）C；（9）A；（10）A； 

解：文章大意：主要介绍了Noah帮助自己的邻居逃离火灾的经过，以及人们对他的评价。
（1）句意：他帮助邻居灭火。A 邻居；B 同学；C 老师。根据下文语句He went in and saw his neighbor, the 79-year-old Mrs Smith, in the kitchen. 提示可知，他帮助的是邻居，故选A。
（2）句意：突然他听到有人喊道：“救火！救火！”A 说；B 唱歌；C 大喊。根据后面的fire，fire可知，有人在大喊，故选C。
（3）句意：他跑出去了。A 上楼；B 向外；C 里面。根据下文语句He saw a lot of smoke from next door.提示可知，Noah跑了出来，故选B。
（4）句意：她不能出去，因为她的腿烧伤了。A 手；B 肩膀；C 腿。根据上文语句She could not get out她不能出来的原因就是腿受伤了，故选C。
（5）句意：诺亚很快跑回他的公寓，把水倒在他的夹克上。A 小心地；B 飞快地；C 自豪地。根据上文语句Anything could happen to her at that moment.提示可知，诺亚应该是飞快地跑回自己的房间，故选B。
（6）句意：然后他冲进史密斯夫人的厨房去救她。A 冲进；B 跳进；C 走进。根据上文语句  Noah quickly ran back to his flat and poured water over his jacket. 提示可知，诺亚应该是冲进去，故选A。
（7）句意：他用毯子灭火，把史密斯太太救了出来。A 挖掘；B 对抗；C 点燃。固定短语，fight fire，灭火，故选B。
（8）句意：结果，他住院了一个月。A 度假；B 在家；C 住院。根据前文语句 The fire burnt Noah's neck, arms and face.提示可知，诺亚住院了，故选C。
（9）句意：多勇敢的年轻人啊！A 勇敢；B 好心；C 甜。根据上文语境的提示可知，诺亚是一个非常勇敢的小孩，故选A。
（10）句意：诺亚很高兴他帮助了史密斯夫人。A 高兴；B 惊讶；C 害怕。根据下文语句"We should help each other," he said. 提示可知，诺亚对于自己帮助史密斯夫人的行为感到开心，故选A。

【点评】考查完形填空，首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。

四、阅读理解

27. （1）D（2）C（3）B（4）A  

解：文章大意：讲述了 Langston Hughe 和 Steven Spielberg 两人追寻梦想以及最终实现梦想的经历。
（1）主旨归纳题。通读全文可知，讲述了 Langston Hughe 和 Steven Spielberg 两人追寻梦想以及最终实现梦想的经历。D项意为“两个不惧怕追寻梦想的人”，符合题意。故选D。
（2）理解推断题。根据第一段第三句 Langston Hughes began writing poems in high school and soon became one of American's greatest writers 可知，Langston Hughes 在高中后不久就成了杰出的作家。根据第二段第四句 many film schools refused him 可知，Steven Spielberg 被很多电影学校拒绝，已经高中毕业了。并且由第二段第五句 Today he is one of the most popular and important filmmakers in the world 可知，他现在很受欢迎。由此可以推知，Langston Hughes 成名的年纪比 Steven Spielberg 小，故C项符合题意。故正确答案为C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第一段第四句 Most of his writing is about his experiences as an African American 可知，他大多数的作品写了他作为非裔美国人的经历。故A项表述正确。B项，根据文章内容可知，平等对待动物并没有提到。故B项表述错误。C项，根据第一段第五句 He wrote poems about people who worked hard though life but still found things to be happy about 可知，他写的诗是关于生活艰辛却幸福的人。故C项表述正确。D项，根据第一段第六句 He wrote plays and books about justice (正义) for all people, and he wrote kids' books, too 可知，他写关于人类正义的戏剧和书籍，还写儿童书籍。故D项表述正确。题干要求选择 Langston Hughes 写作没有涉及的内容，故正确答案为B。
（4）细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句 "Hold fast to dreams" is a line in a famous Hughes poems 和最后一句 That's exactly what he did throughout his life 可知，Langston Hughes 的一生就像诗中所写的紧握梦想那样去做的。也就是说“他从来没有放弃梦想”，故正确答案为A。
【点评】考阅读理解。本题主要涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题。细节理解题可以直接从文中找到答案，而主旨大意题需要认真阅读仔细理解，归纳出中心思想。

28. （1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C  

解：文章大意：介绍世界上三位历史名人：葡萄牙探险家麦哲伦、中国《道德经》的创始人老子和英国的物理学家牛顿。
（1）细节理解题。由Magellan was killed in a battle before the voyage was finished.可知这对麦哲伦旅行来说是一个坏消息，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。由This book is popular in both the East and the West, and it is still widely read today. Many people have found inspiration(灵感) from this book. 这本书在东方和西方都很流行，至今仍被广泛阅读。许多人从这本书中找到了灵感。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。由He discovered the law of universal gravitation.他发现了万有引力定律。故选B。
（4）细节理解题。由 However, Magellan was killed in a battle before the voyage was finished. Only one of his ships, Victoria completed the journey. I. Ferdinand Magellan → c. died in 1521 和Ⅱ. Victoria → a. the name of the ship ； ;  Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician and astronomer. Ⅲ. Sir Isaac Newton → d. a physicist, mathematician and astronomer ；It's said Albert Einstein kept a picture of Newton on the wall of his study.综上所述，结合选项，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。

五、书面表达

29. 

The elephant  

    The elephant is the largest animal on land today. It weighs about ninety kilograms and is about one metre tall at birth. When it is 12 years old, it is over three metres tall.

    The elephant is usually grey. It has a long trunk and a large tusk on each side of its mouth.

    The elephant is known as a kind of gentle animal. People often use the elephant to carry heavy things. It is also a tool for people to do many things.

解：这是一篇提纲类命题作文。主要以第三人称和一般现在时从大象是现在陆地上最大的动物；出生时重约90公斤，高达1米; 12岁时，3米多高；通常是灰色，有长长的鼻子，嘴的两侧分别有一颗大大的象牙；性情温和，人们常常让它来运送重物，做许多事。来介绍大象。写作中应适当使用连词。做到上下文联系紧密，符合逻切关系。 

/ END /

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