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Unit 4单词&课文

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—————————单词表—————————

4Unit  4

advertisement  n.广告

funny  adj.滑稽的;好笑的

create  v.创造;创作

telephone  n.电话;电话机

wheel  n.车轮;轮子

comfortable  adj.使人舒服的;舒适的

carriage  n.(旧时载客的)四轮马车

century  n.世纪

passenger  n.乘客；旅客

invent  v.发明；创造

practical  adj.有用的;适用的

since prep.从……以后;自……以来

distance n.距离;间距

mobile phone n.移动电话;手机

anytime  adv.在任何时候;随便什么时候

develop  v.开发；研制

lamp  n.灯

candle  n.蜡烛

daytime  n.白天;日间

dust  n.灰尘;尘土

special   adj.特殊的;特别的

wing  n.(飞行器的)翅膀;机翼

introduction  n.引言

instead of  prep.代替;作为……的替换

petrol n.汽油

since then自那以来

keep in touch with与……保持联系

in the daytime在白天

keep…off使……不接近(或不接触、远离)……

at the same time同时

沪教牛津版初中英语八年级上册 Unit 4 课文

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Unit 4知识梳理

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Unit 4单元测试

一、单选题（共15题；）

(    )1.At the start of the 21st century, it appeared.

A. beginning  

B. end  

C. middle

(    )2.At the same time, they clapped together.

A. In the meantime           

B. At times          

C. At some time

(    )3.This kind of flower is very special, and most people have never. A. ordinary              

B. not ordinary      

C. beautiful

(    )4.How come you are wearing them in the daytime.

A. at night            

B. at weekends        

C. during the day

(    )5.Our country has changed a lot in over a century.

A. in the past few years        

B. in over ten years       

C. in over 100 years

(    )6.I am in touch with my friends by writing emails.

A. keep in touch with.         

B. lose touch with          

C. play with

(    )7.Your invention is clever, but not practical. 

A. nice          B. useful                 C. useless

(    )8.The people on the bus are listening to music.

A. Passages         

B. Members         

C. Passengers

(    )9.You must be very tired. Why not _______ a rest?  

A. stop taking       

B. stop to take         

C. to stop taking

(    )10.—Thank you so much for the book you sent me.  

          — _______.（     ）

A. No, thanks          

B. I'm glad you like it      

C. Please don't say so

(    )11.This book is _______ that one, but ______ than that one.

A. as difficult as; expensive

B. as more difficult as; more expensive

C. as difficult as; more expensive

(    )12.My parents don't allow me _____ late.

A. stay up

B. to stay up

C. stays up

(    )13.If there were no examinations, we should have ______ at school.          

A. the happiest time   

B. a much happier time        

C. much happiest time

(    )14.— With the card, you can take money out of the machine ___.

         — So it's convenient. I can go _____ to buy things with the card.

A. anytime; anywhere     

B. anytime; somewhere     

C. sometime; somewhere

(    )15.—Bats usually sleep ________.

           —And they come out to hunt for food at night. 

A. at the same time           

B. at the moment        

C. in the daytime

二、填空题（共10题；）

16.It is hard to imagine _______ (live) on the Moon where there is neither air nor water.    

17.There are a lot of ______ (advertise) on the wall. 

18.He often tells us ______ (fun) stories.

19.After the invention of the wheel, travelling became ______ (fast) and more comfortable.

20.Can you walk ______ (far) than a young man?

21.America is a______ (develop) country    

22.It started ______ (rain) at seven yesterday.

23.An artist should c______ beautiful things.

24.He braked suddenly, causing the front w______ to skid (打滑).    

25.Do you know who i______ lights?    

三、完形填空（共1题；）

26.阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 

    Big schoolbags have been a big problem for students for a long time. Maybe your schoolbag is too      1     to carry, and it troubles you a lot     2       you want to find a book to read. Now e-textbooks will     3      you.

    It is said that many Chinese middle schools are going to use e-textbooks. An e-textbook in fact, is a small     4     for students. It much lighter than a usual schoolbag and     5     to carry. Though it is as    6     as a book, it can hold(容纳) everything for study. The students can read the text page by page on the     7     take notes      8   the pointer(屏写笔), or even "hand in" their     9     to their teachers by sending emails

    All they have to do is press a button.

    Some people say e-textbooks are good, but some say they may be       10     for the students' eyes. What do you think of them?21世纪教育网版权所有

(    )1. A. expensive	B. heavy	C. light
(    )2. A. till	B. after	C. when
(    )3. A. trouble	B. help	C. solve
(    )4. A. TV	B. radio	C. computer
(    )5. A. easy	B. difficult	C. hard
(    )6. A. smaller	B. small	C. harmful
(   )7. A.paper	B.keyboard	C. screen
(    )8. A. with	B. in	C. by
(    )9. A.computer	B.homework	C.e-textbooks
(    )10. A.bad	B. dangerous	C. good

四、阅读理解（共2题；）

27.阅读理解  

Vision—phones(可视电话)

    Many inventions are very useful in our daily life. They have greatly changed our life. For example, radios, telephones and televisions are widely used in the world. When you turn on the radio, you can listen. But when you use the telephone, you can not only listen to others but also chat with them. However, you can't see anything at all. The television is much better than both of them. People can watch TV and listen to it, but they can't take part in what they see.

    Today, some people are using a type of telephone called the vision phone. With it two people can see each other when they are talking.2

    Vision-phones can be of great use when you have something to show the person when you are calling him or her. It may also have other uses in the future. Some day you may be able to call up a library and ask to read a book over your vision-phone. You may be able to do some shopping through it too. Perhaps in the future, the vision-phone will come into wide use in our everyday life.

(    )（1）According to the passage, we can guess that the ____was invented last. 

A. radio      

B. television       

C. telephone         

D. vision-phone

(    )（2）Maybe the vision-phone can take the place of(代替) _______ some day. 

A. the radio         

B. the telephone        

C. the television        

D. the car

(    )（3）According to the passage, what can we do through the vision—phone?

A. Take medicine.
B. Order what we need.
C. Travel around the world.
D. Try on clothes.

(    )（4）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The vision-phone is more advanced (先进的) than radios telephones or televisions.

B. People will use the vision-phone in the future less than now.
C. Vision-phones will be unhelpful in people's life.
D. It is impossible to do some shopping through the vision-phone.

28.阅读理解  

    An American boy has made a cheap machine that can help blind people read.

    The blind can read by using Braille-a system of small bumps (隆起物) that the blind touch to read the letters. The machine that makes these small bumps usually costs at least $2,000. It is called Braille typewriter. The American schoolboy, Shu ham Banerjee, made a new Braille typewriter from a Lego tool that lets people create robots. Banerjee has called his new machine the Braigo-a combination(组合) of the words Braille and Lego. It costs just $350. It works by changing electronic texts into Braille and then printing it using a computer or a mobile machine.

    Banerjee designed (设计) his Braigo for a school science project. Since then, he has caught the interest of Silicon Valley in the USA. The big technology company Intel spent money on Banerjee's machine in November, but they did not say how much money they put in. Banerjee also got $ 35,000 from his father to help him start the project. His father works as a computer engineer (工程师) at Intel. He spoke about why he gave so much money to his son, saying, started to be interested more, thinking that he's on to something and this invention has to continue, dream would probably be having most of the blind people use my Braigo.

(    )（1）What is Braille in Paragraph 2? 

A. A system of bumps to help the blind read.

B. The name of a new invention.

C. A very cheap machine.

D. A Lego robot.

(    )（2）What does the Braigo change into Braille?   

A. Photocopies.   

B. Voices.      

C. Electronic texts.    

D. Computer languages.

(    )（3）Why did Banerjee design his invention?

A. He did it as a hobby.

B. Intel told him to do it.

C. He did it for a school science project.

D. He wanted to get money from his father.

(    )（4）Banerjee's parents wanted him to continue to ______.

A. catch Intel's interest

B. work on his invention

C. be a computer engineer

D. use the new Braille typewriter

五、书面表达（共1题；）

29.许多伟大的发明家用他们的发明改变了世界, 让我们生活得更好。你想成为一个小小发明家吗? 请以My invention为题, 根据以下提示内容写一篇作文。
    要求: 语法正确, 语言通顺, 80词左右, 可根据提示内容适当发挥。
提示:
(1). 水陆两用汽车: 既可以在陆地上跑, 也可以在水下跑;
(2). 这种汽车两侧有两个翅膀, 下面有四个轮子, 在地面上时, 跟普通汽车一样, 但在水下时, 四个轮子会隐藏在车底, 两侧的翅膀会变为两个船桨促使汽车前行;
(3). 比一般的汽车更方便、更省油; 节约资源, 减少污染。
生词提示: hide (隐藏), resource (资源), paddle (桨)    

答案解析部分

一、单选题

1. A  

解：句意：在21世纪初它出现了。A.开始，起初；B.结束；C.中间。start意思是开始，起初，故选A。

【点评】考查词义辨析，首先识记单词及词义，然后选择同义词。

2. A  

解：句意：与此同时他们一起鼓掌。A.与此同时；B.有时；C.在一段时间。at the same time意思是与此同时，故选A。

【点评】考查词义辨析，首先识记选项意思，然后识记at the same time的同义短语。

3. B  

解：句意：这种花是非常特殊的，大部分人从没有见过。A.普通的；B.不普通的，特殊的；C.漂亮的。special意思是特殊的，即不普通的，故选B。

【点评】考查词义辨析，首先识记选项意思，然后根据句意确定相近词。

4. C  

解：句意：你白天为什么一直穿它们？A.在晚上；B.在周末；C.在白天。in the daytime意思是在白天，故选C。

【点评】考查词义辨析，首先识记下划线意思，然后根据选项和句意确定同义词。

5. C  

解：句意：在100多年里我们国家已经改变了许多。A.在过去的几年里；B.在10多年里；C.在100多年里。a century意思是100年，故选C。

【点评】考查词义辨析，注意识记a century是100年。

6. A  

解：句意：我通过写电子邮件跟我的朋友保持联系。be in touch with，与某人保持联系，A.保持联系；B.失去联系；C.跟……一起玩，故答案是A。

【点评】考查词义辨析，注意识记be in touch with的同义短语。

7. C  

解：句意：你的发明很聪明，但是不实用。not practical，不实用。A.好的；B.有用的；C.没用的，故答案是C。

【点评】考查词义辨析，注意识记not practical的同义词。

8. C  

解：句意：公交车上的人正在听音乐。the people on the bus，公交车上的人，A.段落；B.成员；C.乘客，公交车上的人就是乘客，故答案是C。

【点评】考查词义辨析，注意识记the people on the bus的同义词。

9. C  

解：句意：你一定非常累，为什么不停下来休息呢？why not do sth.为什么不做某事，固定搭配，排除C。stop doing sth.停止做某事，事情做了；stop to do sth.停止去做某事，事情没做。休息还没做，所以用stop to do，故选B。

【点评】考查固定搭配why not do sth.，注意平时识记stop doing和stop to do的区别。

10. B  

解：句意：——谢谢你送给我书。——你喜欢它我很高兴。A.不，谢谢你；B.我高兴你喜欢它；C.请不要这样说。他人说谢谢送到书，所以说别人喜欢是高兴的，故选B。

【点评】考查情景交际，首先识记选项意思，然后根据句意确定。

11. C  

解：句意：这本书跟那本书一样难。但是比那本书贵。as…as之间使用原级，than引导比较级，故答案是C。

【点评】考查形容词的几级别，注意识记固定搭配as…as的用法。

12. B  

解：句意：我父母不予许我熬夜。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，固定搭配，因此选择动词不定式，故答案是B。

【点评】考查动词不定式，注意识记固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.的结构。

13. B  

解：句意：如果没有考试，我们在学校的时光会更快乐。本句是拿有考试跟没有考试作对比，因此使用比较级，故答案是B。

【点评】考查形容词的比较级，注意形容词比较级的用法。

14. A  

解：句意：——用银行卡，你可以随时在这台机器上取钱。——因此很方便。我可以拿着它去任何地方买东西。anytime任何时间。sometimes有时。anywhere任何地方，somethere某地，根据句意可知答案，故答案是A。

【点评】考查副词辨析，注意anywhere与somewhere的区别。

15. C  

解：句意：蝙蝠通常在白天睡觉。——并且它们在晚上出来寻找食物。A.at the same time同时；B.at the moment在那时；C.in the daytime在白天。根据答语And they come out to hunt for food at night.可知它们晚上才出来寻找食物，也就是说它们白天睡觉，故选C。

【点评】考查短语辨析，注意识记短语意思，理解句意。

二、填空题

16. living  

解：句意：难以想象生活在没有空气和水的月球上。live，居住，动词，imagine doing sth.，想着做某事，固定搭配，因此使用living，故答案是 living。

【点评】考查动词不定式，注意识记固定搭配imagine doing sth的用法。

17. advertisements  

解：句意：墙上有很多广告。根据句子结构可知，空缺处需要名词，因此将advertise改为advertisement ，advertisement 可数名词，根据a lot of可知应使用复数形式，故答案是advertisements 。

【点评】考查语法填空，注意advertise的名词形式。

18. funny  

解：句意：他经常给我们讲有趣的故事。fun在句中作定语，也因此使用形容词funny，故答案是funny。

【点评】考查语法填空，注意fun与funny的区别。

19. faster  

解：句意：车轮发明之后，旅行变得更快更舒服。and是并列连词，more comfortable是比较级，因此fast也应该使用比较级faster，故答案是faster。

【点评】考查形容词的比较级，注意并列连词连接的部分结构的相同的。

20. farther  

解：句意：你能比一个年轻人走得远吗？根据than，可知应使用比较级，far的比较级是farther，故答案是farther。

【点评】考查副词的比较级，注意比较级句式than的用法。

21. develop  

解：句意：美国是一个发达国家。发达国家，developed country，固定搭配，故答案是developed。

【点评】考查语法填空注意developing与developed的区别。

22. to rain  

解：句意：昨天七点开始下雨。start to do sth.开始做某事，因此使用动词不定式，故答案是to rain。

【点评】考查动词不定式，注意识记固定搭配start to do sth的用法。

23. create  

解：句意：艺术家应该创造优美的东西。根据主语和宾语之间的关系以及首字母，可知空缺处的意思是创造。创造，create，should为情态动词，情态动词后跟动词原形，故答案是create。

【点评】考查单词拼写，注意单词create的拼写形式。

24. wheels  

解：句意：他突然刹车了，导致前轮打滑。braked 是用于机动车上的，所以打滑的是前轮，车轮，wheel，可数名词。汽车的前轮是两个，因此使用复数，故答案是wheels。

【点评】考查单词拼写，主语可数名词复数的构成规则。

25. invented  

解：句意：你知道谁发明了电灯吗？空缺处是从句的谓语，需要动词，根据主语跟宾语的关系可知空缺处的意思是“发明”，invent，动词，电灯的发明在过去，因此使用过去时，故答案是invented。

【点评】考查单词拼写，注意单词invent的拼写形式。

三、完形填空

26. （1）B；（2）C；（3）B；（4）C；（5）A；（6）B；（7）C；（8）A；（9）B；（10）A； 

解：主要讲了中国中学生电子书的好处和坏处。
（1）句意：或许你的书包是太重而不能携带。A.昂贵的；B.沉重的；C.轻的。too+形容词或者副词+to do sth.，太……而不能做某事，书包太重而不能携带，故选B。
（2）句意：当你想找到读的一本书时，它使你很麻烦。A.直到；B.在……之后；C.当……时候。当想找书读时会很麻烦，故选C。
（3）句意：现在电子书将帮助你。A.麻烦；B.帮助；C.解决。电子书将帮助你找书读，故选B。
（4）句意：事实上电子书对于学生们来说是一个小电脑。A.电视；B.收音机；C.电脑。根据常识可知电子书就相当于电脑，故选C。
（5）句意：它比普通的书包轻许多，并且携带起来简单。A.简单的；B.困难的；C.困难的。电子书包是轻的，所以携带起来方便简单，故选A。
（6）句意：尽管它和一本书一样小，它可以容纳学习的所有东西。A.更小的；B.小的；C.有害的。as+原级+as，表达和……一样……，电子书虽然小但是可以容纳所有，故选B。
（7）句意：学生们可以在屏幕上一页一页地读文章，用屏写笔做笔记或者通过发送电子邮件把他们的作业上交给他们的老师。A.纸；B.键盘；C.屏幕。根据常识可知学生们在屏幕上读文章，故选C。
（8）句意：学生们可以在屏幕上一页一页地读文章，用屏写笔做笔记或者通过发送电子邮件把他们的作业上交给他们的老师。A.用；B.在……里面；C.通过。用屏写笔做笔记，with用，故选A。
（9）句意：学生们可以在屏幕上一页一页地读文章，用屏写笔做笔记或者通过发送电子邮件把他们的作业上交给他们的老师。A.电脑；B.作业；C.电子书。学生把作业交给老师，故选B。
（10）句意：但是一些说它们或许对学生们的眼睛有害。A.坏的；B.危险的；C.好的。根据前句可知讲的是电子书的好处，but表明后句讲的是电子书的坏处，be bad for对……有坏处，故选A。

【点评】考查完形填空，首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。

四、阅读理解

27. （1）D（2）B（3）B（4）A  

解：主要讲了可视电话在我们生活中广泛使用。
（1）细节题。根据some people are using a type of telephone called the vision phone.可知一些人正在用被叫做可视电话的手机，故选D。
（2）细节题。根据some people are using a type of telephone called the vision phone.可知一些人正在用被叫做可视电话的手机，即可视电话或许会代替手机，故选B。
（3）细节题。根据You may be able to do some shopping through it too.你可能通过可视电话购物，即订购我们需要的，故选B。
（4）细节题。根据radios, telephones and televisions are widely used in the world.可知收音机、电话和电视被广泛应用，即可视电话比收音机或者电视更先进，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

28. （1）A（2）C（3）C（4）B  

解：文章大意：一个美国学生舒汉班纳吉（ShuHamBanerjee）用一种乐高工具制作了一种新的盲文打字机，班纳吉称他的新机器为盲文——盲文和乐高的组合。只要350美元，这是他参与学校活动的一部分，为此他的父亲奖励了他大一笔钱。
（1）细节理解题，根据  Braille-a system of small bumps (隆起物) that the blind touch to read the letters. 可知盲文是一种隆起的系统，帮助盲人阅读，故答案是A。
（2）细节理解题，根据 It works by changing electronic texts into Braille 可知，这种机器的工作原理是把电子文本转换为盲文  ， 故答案是C。
（3）细节理解题，根据Banerjee designed (设计) his Braigo for a school science project. 可知，他做这台机器是为了学校的一个项目，故答案是C。
（4）细节理解题，根据 He spoke about why he gave so much money to his son, saying, started to be interested more, thinking that he's on to something and this invention has to continue,  可知，他父亲给他那么多钱是为了然他继续发明东西，故答案是B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题。细节理解题要可以直接从文中寻找答案；文章出处题需要根据文章内容确定其来源。

五、书面表达

29.(One possible version)

My invention    

    My invention is a car. People can use it on the land or in the water.
    This kind of car has two wings on its two sides and four wheels under the car. On the ground, it can run as well as the ordinary car. However, when it is in the water, the four wheels will hide under the car and the two wings will become two paddles to make the car go forward.
    Compared with the ordinary car, this kind of car is more convenient and uses less petrol. More importantly, it can save resources and make less pollution.
    I think my invention will help people live a better life in the future.  

解：本身是根据所给材料写一篇说明文，在写作时应注意符合题意，根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；语言表达要符合英语习惯。
写作步骤：
一、阅读提示，弄清所有信息，明确写作要点。
      1.我的发明是一辆汽车，既可以在陆地上跑, 也可以在水下跑
      2.这种汽车两侧有两个翅膀, 下面有四个轮子
      3.在地面上时, 跟普通汽车一样
      4.但在水下时, 四个轮子会隐藏在车底, 两侧的翅膀会变为两个船桨促使汽车前行;
      5.比一般的汽车更方便、更省油; 节约资源, 减少污染
      6.我认为我的发明能帮助人们过更好的生活。
二、根据要点，写出关键词、短语或句子。
三、组词成句。连句成篇。注意使用一般现在时。

/ END /

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