双语速递：李克强总理答记者问
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昨日上午，国务院总理李克强在人民大会堂三楼金色大厅会见采访十三届全国人大一次会议的中外记者并回答记者提出的问题。“翻译女神”张璐连续九年坐在总理旁边，担任翻译。M君为大家收集好了此次记者会的双语文本，供大家学习，希望大家能够有所收获，在“高翻”之路上越走越远！
李克强总理会见采访两会的中外记者
并回答提问
Premier Li Keqiang Meets the Press
十三届全国人大一次会议20日上午在人民大会堂举行记者会，国务院总理李克强应大会发言人张业遂的邀请会见中外记者，并回答记者提问。国务院副总理韩正、孙春兰、胡春华、刘鹤参加。
The First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress held a press conference on 20 March 2018. Premier Li Keqiang met with Chinese and foreign reporters and answered their questions at the invitation of Spokesperson Mr. Zhang Yesui. The press conference was also attended by Vice-Premiers Han Zheng, Sun Chunlan, Hu Chunhua and Liu He.
李克强总理向中外记者介绍了各位副总理，并对大家表示感谢，欢迎大家提问。
Premier Li Keqiang presented the newly-appointed vice-premiers and thanked members of the media. He then opened the floor to questions. The following is a transcript of the press conference.
李克强：媒体的各位朋友们，女士们、先生们，感谢你们为中国两会作出了大量的报道、付出的辛劳，在这里向你们表示衷心的感谢。
我先介绍一下几位新任的副总理：韩正副总理。孙春兰副总理。胡春华副总理。刘鹤副总理。
下面欢迎媒体的朋友们提问。
Premier Li Keqiang: Members of the media, ladies and gentlemen, let me begin by expressing my high appreciation to all of you for your hard work in covering the NPC and CPPCC sessions. Before taking your questions, let me present to you the newly-appointed vice-premiers. They are: Vice-Premier Han Zheng, Vice-Premier Sun Chunlan, Vice-Premier Hu Chunhua and Vice-Premier Liu He. Now the floor is open for questions.
彭博社记者：今年是中国改革开放40周年。在过去的40年中，中国取得了巨大的经济发展成就，成功使数亿人脱贫。在中国进入新时代以后，面临的问题将更加复杂，我们认为中国改革开放的模式也会经历一些变化，这集中体现在这次两会期间通过了政府机构改革方案以及进行修宪等。请问中国特别是在吸引外资和促进外贸方面，奉行的改革开放模式会跟过去40年有什么不同？
Bloomberg: This year is the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening. Over those 40 years, China has enjoyed unprecedented economic growth and hundreds of millions of people have been pulled out of poverty. But it’s becoming increasingly clear that China is entering a new era, where problems are going to become more complicated and the model of reform and opening is also changing, highlighted by the restructuring of the government departments and the revisions of the Constitution that were passed by the National People’s Congress this year. I wanted to ask you what will the biggest difference be between reform and opening in this new era versus the past, especially when it comes to foreign investment and trade?
李克强：中国40年来有目共睹的经济社会发展成就和开放是密不可分的。开放推动了改革，促进了发展。可以说中国人民从开放中尝到了甜头。去年年初，习近平主席在达沃斯世界经济论坛发表演讲时明确表示，中国将继续维护自由贸易，开放是中国的基本国策。如果说中国的开放有新变化的话，那就是门会越开越大。中国经济已经深度融入世界经济，关上门等于挡住了我们自己的路。
Premier Li: Opening-up has been instrumental to China’s economic and social transformation in the past 40 years. It has driven China’s reform agenda, promoted its development and delivered real benefits to the Chinese people. In his speech at the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos last year, President Xi Jinping made it clear that China will continue to uphold free trade and pursue opening-up as a fundamental policy. If there’s anything that’s going to be different from the past, it will be that China will open even wider to the world. With its economy so integrated into the global economy, closing China’s door will only hinder our own progress.
新的变化意味着进一步扩大开放，我们在开放方面还有较大的空间和潜力。比如货物贸易，我们商品进口税率水平在世界上处于中等水平，我们愿意以更开放的姿态进一步降低商品进口的总体税率水平。一些市场热销的消费品，包括药品，特别是群众、患者急需的抗癌药品，我们要较大幅度地降低进口税率，对抗癌药品力争降到零税率。对于服务贸易，我们现在是逆差，进一步开放服务业会付出一些代价，但可以促进提高我们产业的竞争力。下一步重点要放宽服务业的准入，比如在养老、医疗、教育、金融等领域，我们会加大放宽准入力度，在一些领域逐步放宽甚至取消股比限制。我们还会全面放开制造业，在这方面不允许强制转让技术，我们将保护知识产权。
China will continue to open up; indeed, there is still broad space to do so. China’s import tariffs are at the medium level internationally. We are committed to bringing them down still further, particularly for high-demand consumer goods. For instance, we aim to adopt zero tariff for the much-needed anti-cancer drugs.
On the other hand, China runs a deficit in trade in services. Further opening of the services sector will entail a cost, but it will make the sector more competitive. We plan to widen access to elderly care, health care, education and financial services. We will ease or lift the cap on foreign ownership in some sectors. We will also make the manufacturing sector fully open. There will be no mandatory requirement for technology transfer, and intellectual property rights will be better protected.
我们的外商投资负面清单会进一步调整缩减。今年及今后几年会逐步放宽准入。而且我们还要加快推进涉及外商投资的三个法律合并成一个基础性法律，以实现给外商准入前国民待遇的承诺。至于你提到的修宪、机构改革与开放的关系，这次全国人民代表大会已经批准了宪法修正案和政府机构改革方案，我们会遵循宪法，推进机构改革，这将更有利于坚持我们对外开放的基本国策。
The negative list for inbound investment will be shortened in the course of this year and the coming years. We aim to merge the three laws governing foreign investment into one law, and fully honor our commitment to foreign investors of pre-establishment national treatment.
As for your question about how the constitutional amendment and institutional reform is going to impact China’s opening-up, now that the constitutional amendment and government institutional reforms have been adopted at the NPC session, we will faithfully observe the amended Constitution and follow through on institutional reform. This will reinforce our commitment to the fundamental policy of opening-up.
我在报纸上看到，部分媒体对中国的开放有这样那样的议论，所以我多说两句。我们的努力方向是要使13亿人的市场逐步成为中外企业、各类所有制企业都可以公平竞争的市场，给中国消费者以更多的选择，促使中国产品和服务升级，促进经济向高质量的方向发展。
I can see from some media reports that opinions are divided on market openness in China. Let me make this clear. Our goal is to gradually create a level playing field in a market of 1.3 billion consumers for both Chinese and foreign-invested enterprises of all types of ownership. This will provide Chinese consumers with more options and incentivize the upgrading of Chinese products and services and that of the overall economy.
当然，中国的开放是一个渐进的过程，有些当时看起来并不起眼的开放举措，几年后回过头来看，可能成效令人惊讶。比如说5年前我们简化了因私护照办理和出境的手续，结果出境人次从当年的7000多万增加到去年的1亿3千多万，而且其中多数都是去旅游和消费。所以看中国的开放，不仅要看细节、领域，更要看长远、全景。当然，开放是双向的、是相互的，就好像双人划船，光靠单人使力，这个船只能原地打转。只有两人同向用力才能向前进。
This said, China’s opening-up will be an incremental process. In retrospect, a modest step of opening-up may sometimes yield enormous benefits. For example, five years ago we simplified the procedure for getting passports and traveling overseas. As a result, the number of outbound trips made by Chinese citizens surged from 70 million to 130 million last year, most of them being tourists and shoppers. In making sense of China’s opening-up, one needs to pay attention to the concrete steps in specific areas, but more importantly take a panoramic and long-term view. I also want to emphasize that opening needs to work both ways. It’s like rowing a boat: if only one of the two oars people is giving it their best, the boat will just keep turning on the spot. They’ll only move forward if both are working in the same direction.
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