【双语百科】柬埔寨令人叹为观止的文化遗产
大家好，我是M君
一个集才华与经验于一身的良心小编
柬埔寨是个神奇美丽的国家，有许多值得探索的地方，比如：洞里萨湖、吴哥窟、柏威夏寺、古伊奢那补罗考古遗址的三波坡雷古寺庙区......今日跟M君一起来欣赏一下柬埔寨的世界文化遗产，感受充满异域风情的美景吧！
背景知识
柬埔寨：
【英文】the Kingdom of Cambodia
【百科积累】通称柬埔寨，旧称高棉，位于中南半岛，西部及西北部与泰国接壤，东北部与老挝交界，东部及东南部与越南毗邻，南部则面向暹罗湾。柬埔寨是东南亚国家联盟成员国，经济以农业为主，工业基础薄弱，是世界上最不发达国家之一。
吴哥窟（Angkor）
Angkor is one of the most important archaeological sites in South-East Asia. Stretching over some 400 km², including forested area, Angkor Archaeological Park contains the magnificent remains of the different capitals of the Khmer Empire, from the 9th to the 15th century. They include the famous Temple of Angkor Wat and, at Angkor Thom, the Bayon Temple with its countless sculptural decorations. UNESCO has set up a wide-ranging programme to safeguard this symbolic site and its surroundings.
吴哥窟是东南亚最重要的考古学遗址之一。吴哥窟遗址公园占地面积达400多平方公里，包括森林地区，有9至15世纪高棉王国(the Khmer Empire)各个时期首都的辉煌遗迹，其中包括了著名的吴哥寺(Angkor Wat)，以及坐落在吴哥索姆(Angkor Thom)以无数雕塑饰品而著称的白永寺庙(Bayon Temple)。联合国教科文组织已经对这一遗址及其周边制定了一项覆盖范围广泛的保护计划。
【百科积累】
高棉王国（the Khmer Empire）
位于东南亚中南半岛柬埔寨的一个古国。高棉（Khmer）于中国古籍亦称为吉蔑、阁蔑。
【词汇分析】
1）stretch: v.
延伸；绵延
to spread over an area of land
例句：
Fields and hills stretched out as far as we could see.
放眼望去，田野山丘绵延不绝。
2）wide-ranging：adj.
覆盖面广的；内容广泛的
including or dealing with a large number of different subjects or areas
例句：
The commission has been given wide-ranging powers.
委员会被授予的权限很广。
【句子解析】
Stretching over some 400 km2, including forested area, Angkor Archaeological Park contains the magnificent remains of the different capitals of the Khmer Empire, from the 9th to the 15th century.
这句话的主干部分是“Angkor Archaeological Park contains the magnificent remains of the different capitals of the Khmer Empire”。stretching表伴随，介绍了吴哥窟遗址公园的占地面积。
柏威夏寺（Temple of Preah Vihear）
Situated on the edge of a plateau that dominates the plain of Cambodia, the Temple of Preah Vihear is dedicated to Shiva. The Temple is composed of a series of sanctuaries linked by a system of pavements and staircases over an 800 metre long axis and dates back to the first half of the 11th century AD. Nevertheless, its complex history can be traced to the 9th century, when the hermitage was founded. This site is particularly well preserved, mainly due to its remote location. The site is exceptional for the quality of its architecture, which is adapted to the natural environment and the religious function of the temple, as well as for the exceptional quality of its carved stone ornamentation.
位于柬埔寨平原上的高原边缘，供奉湿婆，可追溯到公元11世纪上半叶。这座寺庙，由一系列的圣殿组成，圣殿由800米长的轴线上的人行道和楼梯系统连接而成。然而，它复杂的历史可以追溯到9世纪隐士的建立。由于其地理位置偏远，该遗址保存十分完整。柏威夏寺的建筑质量极好，因而很好地适应了自然环境并履行了寺庙的宗教功能，也保存了其雕刻石质装饰的特殊质量。
【百科积累】
1、柏威夏寺（Temple of Preah Vihear）
位于柬埔寨柏威夏省与泰国接壤的边境地区，柏威夏寺的历史悠久。古寺最早的历史可追溯到公元9世纪，它是高棉帝国的君主耶输跋摩下令建造的；建于公元10世纪中叶至12世纪初。
2、湿婆（Shiva）
印度教三相神之一，毁灭之神。前身是印度河文明时代的生殖之神“兽主”和吠陀风暴之神鲁陀罗，兼具生殖与毁灭、创造与破坏双重性格，呈现各种奇谲怪诞的不同相貌，主要有林伽相、恐怖相、温柔相、超人相、三面相、舞王相、璃伽之主相、半女之主相等变相，林伽（男根）是湿婆的最基本象征。和神话中诸多神一样，由于湿婆的全知全能性，因此湿婆的性别并不固定，而是根据相的不同随时变化。
【词汇分析】
1）sanctuary：n.
圣所；圣殿
a holy building or the part of it that is considered the most holy
例句：
Basketball is my refuge, my sanctuary.
篮球是我的避难所，也是我的圣地。
2）hermitage：n.
隐居处；修道院
a place where a hermit lives or lived
例句：
He lived in a hermitage when he was old.
他老的时候住在隐居处。
3）ornamentation：n.
装饰物；装饰图案；装饰；点缀
Decorations and patterns can be referred to as ornamentation.
例句：
The chairs were comfortable, functional and free of ornamentation.
这些椅子舒适实用，而且看上去不显花哨。
【句子分析】
The site is exceptional for the quality of its architecture, which is adapted to the natural environment and the religious function of the temple, as well as for the exceptional quality of its carved stone ornamentation.
这句话的主干是“The site is exceptional for the quality of its architecture as well as for the exceptional quality of its carved stone ornamentation”。用as well as引到两个并列的宾语，这里的be exceptional for是“以……而闻名”的意思，这句话指出了柏威夏寺的著名之处在于建筑和石刻装饰。而which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰其建筑质量。
古伊奢那补罗考古遗址的三波坡雷古寺庙区（Temple Zone of Sambor Prei Kuk, Archaeological Site of Ancient Ishanapura）
The archaeological site of Sambor Prei Kuk, “the temple in the richness of the forest” in the Khmer language, has been identified as Ishanapura, the capital of the Chenla Empire that flourished in the late 6th and early 7th centuries AD. The property comprises more than a hundred temples, ten of which are octagonal, unique specimens of their genre in South-East Asia. Decorated sandstone elements in the site are characteristic of the pre-Angkor decorative idiom, known as the Sambor Prei Kuk Style. Some of these elements, including lintels, pediments and colonnades, are true masterpieces. The art and architecture developed here became models for other parts of the region and lay the ground for the unique Khmer style of the Angkor period.
三波坡雷古考古遗址，在高棉语中意为“森林丰饶的寺庙”，被确定是公元6世纪末和7世纪初兴盛的陈拉帝国的首都伊沙那普拉。该遗址包括100多座寺庙，其中10个呈八边形，是东南亚特有的体裁标本。遗址中装饰的砂岩元素都具有前吴哥窟装饰的桑博尔风格特点。其中一些元素，包括过梁、楣和柱，都是真正的杰作。这里发展起来的艺术和建筑成为该地区其他地区的样板，为吴哥时期独特的高棉风格奠定了基础。
【词汇积累】
1）octagonal：adj.
八边形的;八角形的
Something that is octagonal has eight straight sides.
例句：
This pavilion has eight edges, so it is also known as "Octagonal pavilion".
这座亭子无论从哪个角度看上去都是八个角，故又名八角亭。
2）lintel：n.
（门窗的）过梁；门楣
a piece of wood or stone over a door or window, that forms part of the frame
例句：
These building techniques are post and lintel, arch and vault, truss, and cantilever construction.
这些建筑技术在工艺上的成果就是柱子、门楣、拱门、拱顶，桁架和悬桁。
3）colonnade：n.
列柱；柱廊
a row of stone columns with equal spaces between them, usually supporting a roof
例句：
Greek houses included a walled court or garden usually surrounded by a colonnade.
希腊的住宅包括一个一般由柱廊围合的有围墙的庭院或花园。
【句子分析】
The archaeological site of Sambor Prei Kuk, “the temple in the richness of the forest” in the Khmer language, has been identified as Ishanapura, the capital of the Chenla Empire that flourished in the late 6th and early 7th centuries AD.
这句话主干是“The archaeological site of Sambor Prei Kuk has been identified as Ishanapura”。“‘the temple in the richness of the forest’ in the Khmer language”和“the capital of the Chenla Empire that flourished in the late 6th and early 7th centuries AD”皆为同位语，用于修饰前半句。
欣赏完美丽的柬埔寨之后，
记得整理今日的笔记哦！
希望你们喜欢M君的文章！
再会！
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