Qt平台下使用QJson解析JSON字符串
前言
上一篇介绍了C语言写的JSON解析库cJSON的使用:使用cJSON库解析和构建JSON字符串
本篇文章介绍,Qt开发环境下QJson库的使用示例。示例代码包含简单和复杂JSON字符串的解析和构建,Qt工程已经开源在Github和Gitee代码托管平台。
Github仓库地址:
https://github.com/whik/QJson_Demo
Gitee仓库地址:
https://gitee.com/whik/QJson_Demo
开发平台基于Qt 5.8 Windows。示例的JSON字符串和上一篇使用的是一样的。
JSON解析示例包括:
和风天气实时数据
心知天气实时数据
心知天气3天预报数据
城市空气质量AQI信息
全国油价信息
北京时间等。
由于文章篇幅限制,本篇文章先介绍QJson的解析示例。
QJson解析JSON示例
JSON的解析要对照JSON字符串来理解,关于JSON字符串的介绍,可以参考JSON简介
解析和构建都要先包含如下头文件:
#include <QJsonDocument>
#include <QJsonObject>
#include <QJsonArray>
示例字符串1:和风天气实时数据
这个JSON字符串中HeWeather6键的值是一个数组,数组内只有1个JSON对象,这个对象里又嵌套了几个JSON对象。
{
"HeWeather6": [{
"basic": {
"cid": "CN101010700",
"location": "昌平",
"parent_city": "北京",
"admin_area": "北京",
"cnty": "中国",
"lat": "40.21808624",
"lon": "116.23590851",
"tz": "+8.00"
},
"update": {
"loc": "2019-07-20 10:21",
"utc": "2019-07-20 02:21"
},
"status": "ok",
"now": {
"cloud": "96",
"cond_code": "104",
"cond_txt": "阴",
"fl": "28",
"hum": "86",
"pcpn": "0.0",
"pres": "995",
"tmp": "25",
"vis": "4",
"wind_deg": "100",
"wind_dir": "东风",
"wind_sc": "1",
"wind_spd": "4"
}
}]
}
字符串1解析函数
主要是JSON的多层嵌套的解析。
int Parse_HeWeather_Now_Json(void)
{
QJsonParseError err_rpt;
QJsonDocument root_Doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(he_now_json, &err_rpt);//字符串格式化为JSON
if(err_rpt.error != QJsonParseError::NoError)
{
qDebug() << "JSON格式错误";
return -1;
}
else //JSON格式正确
{
// qDebug() << "JSON格式正确:\n" << root_Doc;
QJsonObject root_Obj = root_Doc.object();
QJsonValue weather_Value = root_Obj.value("HeWeather6"); //HeWeather6键的值,是一个数组
if(weather_Value.isArray()) //可省略
{
QJsonObject weather_Obj = weather_Value.toArray().at(0).toObject(); //HeWeather6数组就含有一个元素0
/* basic键信息 */
QJsonObject basic_Obj = weather_Obj.value("basic").toObject();
QString cid = basic_Obj.value("cid").toString();
QString location = basic_Obj.value("location").toString();
QString parent_city = basic_Obj.value("parent_city").toString();
QString cnty = basic_Obj.value("cnty").toString();
QString lat = basic_Obj.value("lat").toString();
QString lon = basic_Obj.value("lon").toString();
QString basic_info = cid + " " + parent_city + " " + cnty + " " + lat + " " + lon;
qDebug() << basic_info;
/* update键信息 */
QJsonObject update_Obj = weather_Obj.value("update").toObject();
QString loc = "当地时间:" + update_Obj.value("loc").toString(); //当地时间
QString utc = "UTC时间:" + update_Obj.value("utc").toString(); //UTC时间
QString status = "解析状态:" + weather_Obj.value("status").toString(); //"ok"
qDebug() << loc + " " + utc + " " + status;
/* now键信息*/
QJsonObject now_Obj = weather_Obj.value("now").toObject();
QString cond_txt = "白天天气:" + now_Obj.value("cond_txt").toString();
QString hum = "湿度:" + now_Obj.value("hum").toString();
QString tmp = "温度:" + now_Obj.value("tmp").toString();
QString wind_dir = "风向:" + now_Obj.value("wind_dir").toString();
QString wind_sc = "风级:" + now_Obj.value("wind_sc").toString();
qDebug() << cond_txt + " " + hum + " " + tmp + " " + wind_dir + " " + wind_sc;
}
qDebug() << "解析完成!";
}
return 0;
}
示例字符串2:心知天气实时数据
这个字符串和上面那个一样,都是数组元素是JSON对象,对象的值又是一个JSON对象。
{
"results": [{
"location": {
"id": "WX4FBXXFKE4F",
"name": "北京",
"country": "CN",
"path": "北京,北京,中国",
"timezone": "Asia/Shanghai",
"timezone_offset": "+08:00"
},
"now": {
"text": "晴",
"code": "1",
"temperature": "-7"
},
"last_update": "2018-12-06T22:05:00+08:00"
}]
}
字符串2解析函数
int Parse_Seniverse_Now_Json(void)
{
QJsonParseError err_rpt;
QJsonDocument root_Doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(seniverse_now_json, &err_rpt);//字符串格式化为JSON
if(err_rpt.error != QJsonParseError::NoError)
{
qDebug() << "JSON格式错误";
return -1;
}
else //JSON格式正确
{
// qDebug() << "JSON格式正确:\n" << root_Doc;
QJsonObject root_Obj = root_Doc.object();
QJsonValue result_Value = root_Obj.value("results");
if(result_Value.isArray())
{
QJsonObject result_Obj = result_Value.toArray().at(0).toObject();
QString last_update = result_Obj.value("last_update").toString();
qDebug() << last_update;
/* location键的值 */
QJsonObject location_Obj = result_Obj.value("location").toObject();
QString id = location_Obj.value("id").toString();
QString name = location_Obj.value("name").toString();
QString timezone = location_Obj.value("timezone").toString();
QString path = location_Obj.value("path").toString();
QString loc_str = id + " " + name + " " + timezone + " " + path ;
qDebug() << loc_str;
/* now键 */
QJsonObject now_Obj = result_Obj.value("now").toObject();
QString code = "天气代码: " + now_Obj.value("code").toString();
QString temperature = "当前温度:" + now_Obj.value("temperature").toString();
QString text = "天气:" + now_Obj.value("text").toString();
qDebug() << code << temperature << text;
}
}
return 0;
}
示例字符串3:心知3天天气预报数据
{
"results": [{
"location": {
"id": "WS10730EM8EV",
"name": "深圳",
"country": "CN",
"path": "深圳,深圳,广东,中国",
"timezone": "Asia/Shanghai",
"timezone_offset": "+08:00"
},
"daily": [{
"date": "2018-12-06",
"text_day": "阴",
"code_day": "9",
"text_night": "阴",
"code_night": "9",
"high": "25",
"low": "16",
"precip": "",
"wind_direction": "无持续风向",
"wind_direction_degree": "",
"wind_speed": "10",
"wind_scale": "2"
}, {
"date": "2018-12-07",
"text_day": "阴",
"code_day": "9",
"text_night": "小雨",
"code_night": "13",
"high": "20",
"low": "15",
"precip": "",
"wind_direction": "北",
"wind_direction_degree": "0",
"wind_speed": "15",
"wind_scale": "3"
}, {
"date": "2018-12-08",
"text_day": "小雨",
"code_day": "13",
"text_night": "小雨",
"code_night": "13",
"high": "17",
"low": "12",
"precip": "",
"wind_direction": "东北",
"wind_direction_degree": "45",
"wind_speed": "15",
"wind_scale": "3"
}],
"last_update": "2018-12-06T18:00:00+08:00"
}]
}
字符串3解析函数
int Parse_Seniverse_Forecast_Json(void)
{
QJsonParseError err_rpt;
QJsonDocument root_Doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(seniverse_forcast_json, &err_rpt);//字符串格式化为JSON
if(err_rpt.error != QJsonParseError::NoError)
{
qDebug() << "JSON格式错误";
return -1;
}
else //JSON格式正确
{
// qDebug() << "JSON格式正确:\n" << root_Doc;
QJsonObject root_Obj = root_Doc.object();
QJsonValue result_Value = root_Obj.value("results");
if(result_Value.isArray())
{
QJsonObject result_Obj = result_Value.toArray().at(0).toObject();
QString last_update = result_Obj.value("last_update").toString();
qDebug() << last_update;
/* location键的值 */
QJsonObject location_Obj = result_Obj.value("location").toObject();
QString id = location_Obj.value("id").toString();
QString name = location_Obj.value("name").toString();
QString timezone = location_Obj.value("timezone").toString();
QString path = location_Obj.value("path").toString();
QString loc_str = id + " " + name + " " + timezone + " " + path ;
qDebug() << loc_str;
/* daily预报天气3天,数组元素3个*/
QJsonValue daily_Vaule = result_Obj.value("daily");
if(daily_Vaule.isArray())
{
for(int idx = 0; idx <= 2; idx++)
{
QJsonObject daily_Obj = daily_Vaule.toArray().at(idx).toObject();
QString date = " 日期:" + daily_Obj.value("date").toString();
QString text_day =" 白天天气:" + daily_Obj.value("text_day").toString();
QString high = " 最高温度:" + daily_Obj.value("high").toString();
QString low = " 最低温度:" + daily_Obj.value("low").toString();
QString wind_direction = " 风向:" + daily_Obj.value("wind_direction").toString();
QString wind_scale = " 风级:" + daily_Obj.value("wind_scale").toString();
qDebug() << date + text_day + high + low + wind_direction + wind_scale;
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
示例字符串4:空气AQI质量指数
包含10个元素的数组。
{
"status": "0",
"citye": "changchun",
"city": "长春",
"citycode": "101060101",
"aqi": "50",
"data": [{
"add": "长春",
"aqi": "50",
"pm25": "22",
"per": "优",
"lv": "1"
}, {
"add": "食品厂",
"aqi": "54",
"pm25": "18",
"per": "良",
"lv": "2"
}, {
"add": "客车厂",
"aqi": "52",
"pm25": "20",
"per": "良",
"lv": "2"
}, {
"add": "邮电学院",
"aqi": "35",
"pm25": "24",
"per": "优",
"lv": "1"
}, {
"add": "劳动公园",
"aqi": "45",
"pm25": "19",
"per": "优",
"lv": "1"
}, {
"add": "园林处",
"aqi": "45",
"pm25": "21",
"per": "优",
"lv": "1"
}, {
"add": "净月潭",
"aqi": "46",
"pm25": "30",
"per": "优",
"lv": "1"
}, {
"add": "甩湾子",
"aqi": "51",
"pm25": "24",
"per": "良",
"lv": "2"
}, {
"add": "经开区环卫处",
"aqi": "48",
"pm25": "25",
"per": "优",
"lv": "1"
}, {
"add": "高新区管委会",
"aqi": "51",
"pm25": "16",
"per": "良",
"lv": "2"
}, {
"add": "岱山公园",
"aqi": "49",
"pm25": "19",
"per": "优",
"lv": "1"
}]
}
字符串4解析函数
int Parse_AQI_Json(void)
{
QJsonParseError err_rpt;
QJsonDocument root_Doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(AQI_json, &err_rpt);//字符串格式化为JSON
if(err_rpt.error != QJsonParseError::NoError)
{
qDebug() << "JSON格式错误";
return -1;
}
else //JSON格式正确
{
// qDebug() << "JSON格式正确:\n" << root_Doc;
QJsonObject root_Obj = root_Doc.object();
QString city = root_Obj.value("city").toString();
QString citycode = root_Obj.value("citycode").toString();
QString citye = root_Obj.value("citye").toString();
QString status = root_Obj.value("status").toString();
qDebug() << city + " " + citycode + " " + citye + " " + status;
/* data键 */
QJsonValue data_Vaule = root_Obj.value("data");
if(data_Vaule.isArray())
{
for(int idx = 0; idx <= 10; idx++)
{
QJsonObject data_Obj = data_Vaule.toArray().at(idx).toObject();
QString add = "地址:" + data_Obj.value("add").toString();
QString aqi = " AQI:" + data_Obj.value("aqi").toString();
QString lv = " 空气质量等级:" + data_Obj.value("lv").toString();
QString per = " 空气质量:" + data_Obj.value("per").toString();
QString pm25 = " PM2.5等级:" + data_Obj.value("pm25").toString();
qDebug() << add + aqi + lv + per + pm25;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
示例字符串5:北京标准时间
比较简单一个JSON对象
{
"success": "1",
"result": {
"timestamp": "1542456793",
"datetime_1": "2018-11-17 20:13:13",
"datetime_2": "2018年11月17日 20时13分13秒",
"week_1": "6",
"week_2": "星期六",
"week_3": "周六",
"week_4": "Saturday"
}
}
字符串5解析函数
int Parse_BJTime_Json(void)
{
QJsonParseError err_rpt;
QJsonDocument root_Doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(bj_time_json, &err_rpt);//字符串格式化为JSON
if(err_rpt.error != QJsonParseError::NoError)
{
qDebug() << "JSON格式错误";
return -1;
}
else //JSON格式正确
{
// qDebug() << "JSON格式正确:\n" << root_Doc;
QJsonObject root_Obj = root_Doc.object();
QString success = root_Obj.value("success").toString();
/* result键 */
QJsonObject result_Obj = root_Obj.value("result").toObject();
QString datetime_1 = result_Obj.value("datetime_1").toString();
QString datetime_2 = result_Obj.value("datetime_2").toString();
QString timestamp = result_Obj.value("timestamp").toString();
QString week_1 = result_Obj.value("week_1").toString();
QString week_2 = result_Obj.value("week_2").toString();
QString week_3 = result_Obj.value("week_3").toString();
QString week_4 = result_Obj.value("week_4").toString();
qDebug() << datetime_1 << datetime_2;
qDebug() << week_1 << week_2 << week_3 << week_4;
}
return 0;
}
示例字符串6:全国城市油价信息
这种格式的字符串也是标准的JSON字符串,[]表示数组,这个数组内包含了5个字符串:
["北京", "6.78", "7.21", "8.19", "6.45"]
但是这种不是,{}表示对象:
{"北京", "6.78", "7.21", "8.19", "6.45"}
一个数组内包含5个元素,每个元素又是一个数组,每个数组又包含5个字符串,属于数组的嵌套:
{
"status": "0",
"msg": "全国各省份汽柴油价格信息",
"update": "2019-07-21",
"data": [
["地区", "92号", "95号", "98号", "0号柴油"],
["北京", "6.78", "7.21", "8.19", "6.45"],
["上海", "6.74", "7.17", "7.87", "6.39"],
["江苏", "6.75", "7.18", "8.06", "6.37"],
["天津", "6.77", "7.15", "8.07", "6.41"]
],
"About": "wcc",
"Home": "www.wangchaochao.top"
}
字符串6解析函数
//解析数组嵌套的JSON字符串
int Parse_Oil_Price_Json(void)
{
QJsonParseError err_rpt;
QJsonDocument root_Doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(oil_price_json, &err_rpt);//字符串格式化为JSON
if(err_rpt.error != QJsonParseError::NoError)
{
qDebug() << "JSON格式错误";
return -1;
}
else //JSON格式正确
{
// qDebug() << "JSON格式正确:\n" << root_Doc;
QJsonObject root_Obj = root_Doc.object();
QString msg = root_Obj.value("msg").toString();
QString update = root_Obj.value("update").toString();
QString status = root_Obj.value("status").toString();
QString About = root_Obj.value("About").toString();
QString Home = root_Obj.value("Home").toString();
qDebug() << msg << update << status << About << Home;
/* data键解析 */
QJsonValue data_Value = root_Obj.value("data");
if(data_Value.isArray()) //数组中包含5个数组,每个数组5个字符串元素
{
for(int idx = 0; idx <= 4; idx++)
{
QJsonValue price_Obj = data_Value.toArray().at(idx);
if(price_Obj.isArray())
{
QString str1 = price_Obj.toArray().at(0).toString();// 每个元素是一个字符串
QString str2 = price_Obj.toArray().at(1).toString();
QString str3 = price_Obj.toArray().at(2).toString();
QString str4 = price_Obj.toArray().at(3).toString();
QString str5 = price_Obj.toArray().at(4).toString();
qDebug() << str1 << str2 << str3 << str4 << str5 ;
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
参考资料
JSON官方网站:
http://www.json.org/json-zh.html
总结
JSON解析配合API接口,就可以实现一些有趣的工具了,如全国油价查询工具,全国天气查询,空气质量查询,黄历查询,生活指数等等实用工具的开发。
分享几个免费的API提供平台:
K780:
http://www.k780.com/api
天气API:
http://api.help.bj.cn/api/
心知天气:
https://www.seniverse.com/
和风天气:
http://www.heweather.com
聚合数据:
https://www.juhe.cn/
历史精选
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