其他
Spring Boot 分片上传、断点续传、大文件上传、秒传,应有尽有,建议收藏!!
1、分片上传
1.1 什么是分片上传
1.2 分片上传的场景
大文件上传 网络环境环境不好,存在需要重传风险的场景
2断点续传
2.1 什么是断点续传
2.2 应用场景
2.3 实现断点续传的核心逻辑
前端将文件安装百分比进行计算,每次上传文件的百分之一(文件分片),给文件分片做上序号 后端将前端每次上传的文件,放入到缓存目录 等待前端将全部的文件内容都上传完毕后,发送一个合并请求 后端使用RandomAccessFile进多线程读取所有的分片文件,一个线程一个分片 后端每个线程按照序号将分片的文件写入到目标文件中 在上传文件的过程中发生断网了或者手动暂停了,下次上传的时候发送续传请求,让后端删除最后一个分片 前端重新发送上次的文件分片
2.4 实现流程步骤
将需要上传的文件按照一定的分割规则,分割成相同大小的数据块; 初始化一个分片上传任务,返回本次分片上传唯一标识; 按照一定的策略(串行或并行)发送各个分片数据块; 发送完成后,服务端根据判断数据上传是否完整,如果完整,则进行数据块合成得到原始文件。
前端(客户端)需要根据固定大小对文件进行分片,请求后端(服务端)时要带上分片序号和大小。 服务端创建conf文件用来记录分块位置,conf文件长度为总分片数,每上传一个分块即向conf文件中写入一个127,那么没上传的位置就是默认的0,已上传的就是Byte.MAX_VALUE 127(这步是实现断点续传和秒传的核心步骤) 服务器按照请求数据中给的分片序号和每片分块大小(分片大小是固定且一样的)算出开始位置,与读取到的文件片段数据,写入文件。
3、分片上传/断点上传代码实现
3.1 前端实现
// 计算文件md5
return new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
const fileReader = new FileReader();
const piece = Math.ceil(files.size / this.pieceSize);
const nextPiece = () => {
let start = currentPieces * this.pieceSize;
let end = start * this.pieceSize >= files.size ? files.size : start + this.pieceSize;
fileReader.readAsArrayBuffer(files.slice(start,end));
};
let currentPieces = 0;
fileReader.onload = (event) => {
let e = window.event || event;
this.spark.append(e.target.result);
currentPieces++
if (currentPieces < piece) {
nextPiece()
} else {
resolve({fileName: files.name, fileMd5: this.spark.end()})
}
}
// fileReader.onerror = (err => { reject(err) })
nextPiece()
})
}
3.2 后端写入文件
RandomAccessFile MappedByteBuffer
RandomAccessFile(File file , String mode)
//创建随机存储文件流,文件名由参数name指定
RandomAccessFile(String name , String mode)
“r”:以只读的方式打开,调用该对象的任何write(写)方法都会导致IOException异常 “rw”:以读、写方式打开,支持文件的读取或写入。若文件不存在,则创建之。 “rws”:以读、写方式打开,与“rw”不同的是,还要对文件内容的每次更新都同步更新到潜在的存储设备中去。这里的“s”表示synchronous(同步)的意思 “rwd”:以读、写方式打开,与“rw”不同的是,还要对文件内容的每次更新都同步更新到潜在的存储设备中去。使用“rwd”模式仅要求将文件的内容更新到存储设备中,而使用“rws”模式除了更新文件的内容,还要更新文件的元数据(metadata),因此至少要求1次低级别的I/O操作
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class RandomFileTest {
private static final String filePath = "C:\\Users\\NineSun\\Desktop\\employee.txt";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Employee e1 = new Employee("zhangsan", 23);
Employee e2 = new Employee("lisi", 24);
Employee e3 = new Employee("wangwu", 25);
RandomAccessFile ra = new RandomAccessFile(filePath, "rw");
ra.write(e1.name.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));//防止写入文件乱码
ra.writeInt(e1.age);
ra.write(e2.name.getBytes());
ra.writeInt(e2.age);
ra.write(e3.name.getBytes());
ra.writeInt(e3.age);
ra.close();
RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(filePath, "r");
int len = 8;
raf.skipBytes(12);//跳过第一个员工的信息,其姓名8字节,年龄4字节
System.out.println("第二个员工信息:");
String str = "";
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
str = str + (char) raf.readByte();
}
System.out.println("name:" + str);
System.out.println("age:" + raf.readInt());
System.out.println("第一个员工信息:");
raf.seek(0);//将文件指针移动到文件开始位置
str = "";
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
str = str + (char) raf.readByte();
}
System.out.println("name:" + str);
System.out.println("age:" + raf.readInt());
System.out.println("第三个员工信息:");
raf.skipBytes(12);//跳过第二个员工的信息
str = "";
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
str = str + (char) raf.readByte();
}
System.out.println("name:" + str);
System.out.println("age:" + raf.readInt());
raf.close();
}
}
class Employee {
String name;
int age;
final static int LEN = 8;
public Employee(String name, int age) {
if (name.length() > LEN) {
name = name.substring(0, 8);
} else {
while (name.length() < LEN) {
name = name + "\u0000";
}
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
}
}
@Slf4j
public class RandomAccessUploadStrategy extends SliceUploadTemplate {
@Autowired
private FilePathUtil filePathUtil;
@Value("${upload.chunkSize}")
private long defaultChunkSize;
@Override
public boolean upload(FileUploadRequestDTO param) {
RandomAccessFile accessTmpFile = null;
try {
String uploadDirPath = filePathUtil.getPath(param);
File tmpFile = super.createTmpFile(param);
accessTmpFile = new RandomAccessFile(tmpFile, "rw");
//这个必须与前端设定的值一致
long chunkSize = Objects.isNull(param.getChunkSize()) ? defaultChunkSize * 1024 * 1024
: param.getChunkSize();
long offset = chunkSize * param.getChunk();
//定位到该分片的偏移量
accessTmpFile.seek(offset);
//写入该分片数据
accessTmpFile.write(param.getFile().getBytes());
boolean isOk = super.checkAndSetUploadProgress(param, uploadDirPath);
return isOk;
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} finally {
FileUtil.close(accessTmpFile);
}
return false;
}
}
@Slf4j
public class MappedByteBufferUploadStrategy extends SliceUploadTemplate {
@Autowired
private FilePathUtil filePathUtil;
@Value("${upload.chunkSize}")
private long defaultChunkSize;
@Override
public boolean upload(FileUploadRequestDTO param) {
RandomAccessFile tempRaf = null;
FileChannel fileChannel = null;
MappedByteBuffer mappedByteBuffer = null;
try {
String uploadDirPath = filePathUtil.getPath(param);
File tmpFile = super.createTmpFile(param);
tempRaf = new RandomAccessFile(tmpFile, "rw");
fileChannel = tempRaf.getChannel();
long chunkSize = Objects.isNull(param.getChunkSize()) ? defaultChunkSize * 1024 * 1024
: param.getChunkSize();
//写入该分片数据
long offset = chunkSize * param.getChunk();
byte[] fileData = param.getFile().getBytes();
mappedByteBuffer = fileChannel
.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, offset, fileData.length);
mappedByteBuffer.put(fileData);
boolean isOk = super.checkAndSetUploadProgress(param, uploadDirPath);
return isOk;
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} finally {
FileUtil.freedMappedByteBuffer(mappedByteBuffer);
FileUtil.close(fileChannel);
FileUtil.close(tempRaf);
}
return false;
}
}
public abstract class SliceUploadTemplate implements SliceUploadStrategy {
public abstract boolean upload(FileUploadRequestDTO param);
protected File createTmpFile(FileUploadRequestDTO param) {
FilePathUtil filePathUtil = SpringContextHolder.getBean(FilePathUtil.class);
param.setPath(FileUtil.withoutHeadAndTailDiagonal(param.getPath()));
String fileName = param.getFile().getOriginalFilename();
String uploadDirPath = filePathUtil.getPath(param);
String tempFileName = fileName + "_tmp";
File tmpDir = new File(uploadDirPath);
File tmpFile = new File(uploadDirPath, tempFileName);
if (!tmpDir.exists()) {
tmpDir.mkdirs();
}
return tmpFile;
}
@Override
public FileUploadDTO sliceUpload(FileUploadRequestDTO param) {
boolean isOk = this.upload(param);
if (isOk) {
File tmpFile = this.createTmpFile(param);
FileUploadDTO fileUploadDTO = this.saveAndFileUploadDTO(param.getFile().getOriginalFilename(), tmpFile);
return fileUploadDTO;
}
String md5 = FileMD5Util.getFileMD5(param.getFile());
Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put(param.getChunk(), md5);
return FileUploadDTO.builder().chunkMd5Info(map).build();
}
/**
* 检查并修改文件上传进度
*/
public boolean checkAndSetUploadProgress(FileUploadRequestDTO param, String uploadDirPath) {
String fileName = param.getFile().getOriginalFilename();
File confFile = new File(uploadDirPath, fileName + ".conf");
byte isComplete = 0;
RandomAccessFile accessConfFile = null;
try {
accessConfFile = new RandomAccessFile(confFile, "rw");
//把该分段标记为 true 表示完成
System.out.println("set part " + param.getChunk() + " complete");
//创建conf文件文件长度为总分片数,每上传一个分块即向conf文件中写入一个127,那么没上传的位置就是默认0,已上传的就是Byte.MAX_VALUE 127
accessConfFile.setLength(param.getChunks());
accessConfFile.seek(param.getChunk());
accessConfFile.write(Byte.MAX_VALUE);
//completeList 检查是否全部完成,如果数组里是否全部都是127(全部分片都成功上传)
byte[] completeList = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(confFile);
isComplete = Byte.MAX_VALUE;
for (int i = 0; i < completeList.length && isComplete == Byte.MAX_VALUE; i++) {
//与运算, 如果有部分没有完成则 isComplete 不是 Byte.MAX_VALUE
isComplete = (byte) (isComplete & completeList[i]);
System.out.println("check part " + i + " complete?:" + completeList[i]);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} finally {
FileUtil.close(accessConfFile);
}
boolean isOk = setUploadProgress2Redis(param, uploadDirPath, fileName, confFile, isComplete);
return isOk;
}
/**
* 把上传进度信息存进redis
*/
private boolean setUploadProgress2Redis(FileUploadRequestDTO param, String uploadDirPath,
String fileName, File confFile, byte isComplete) {
RedisUtil redisUtil = SpringContextHolder.getBean(RedisUtil.class);
if (isComplete == Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
redisUtil.hset(FileConstant.FILE_UPLOAD_STATUS, param.getMd5(), "true");
redisUtil.del(FileConstant.FILE_MD5_KEY + param.getMd5());
confFile.delete();
return true;
} else {
if (!redisUtil.hHasKey(FileConstant.FILE_UPLOAD_STATUS, param.getMd5())) {
redisUtil.hset(FileConstant.FILE_UPLOAD_STATUS, param.getMd5(), "false");
redisUtil.set(FileConstant.FILE_MD5_KEY + param.getMd5(),
uploadDirPath + FileConstant.FILE_SEPARATORCHAR + fileName + ".conf");
}
return false;
}
}
/**
* 保存文件操作
*/
public FileUploadDTO saveAndFileUploadDTO(String fileName, File tmpFile) {
FileUploadDTO fileUploadDTO = null;
try {
fileUploadDTO = renameFile(tmpFile, fileName);
if (fileUploadDTO.isUploadComplete()) {
System.out
.println("upload complete !!" + fileUploadDTO.isUploadComplete() + " name=" + fileName);
//TODO 保存文件信息到数据库
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
} finally {
}
return fileUploadDTO;
}
/**
* 文件重命名
*
* @param toBeRenamed 将要修改名字的文件
* @param toFileNewName 新的名字
*/
private FileUploadDTO renameFile(File toBeRenamed, String toFileNewName) {
//检查要重命名的文件是否存在,是否是文件
FileUploadDTO fileUploadDTO = new FileUploadDTO();
if (!toBeRenamed.exists() || toBeRenamed.isDirectory()) {
log.info("File does not exist: {}", toBeRenamed.getName());
fileUploadDTO.setUploadComplete(false);
return fileUploadDTO;
}
String ext = FileUtil.getExtension(toFileNewName);
String p = toBeRenamed.getParent();
String filePath = p + FileConstant.FILE_SEPARATORCHAR + toFileNewName;
File newFile = new File(filePath);
//修改文件名
boolean uploadFlag = toBeRenamed.renameTo(newFile);
fileUploadDTO.setMtime(DateUtil.getCurrentTimeStamp());
fileUploadDTO.setUploadComplete(uploadFlag);
fileUploadDTO.setPath(filePath);
fileUploadDTO.setSize(newFile.length());
fileUploadDTO.setFileExt(ext);
fileUploadDTO.setFileId(toFileNewName);
return fileUploadDTO;
}
}
@ResponseBody
public Result<FileUploadDTO> upload(FileUploadRequestDTO fileUploadRequestDTO) throws IOException {
boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
FileUploadDTO fileUploadDTO = null;
if (isMultipart) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start("upload");
if (fileUploadRequestDTO.getChunk() != null && fileUploadRequestDTO.getChunks() > 0) {
fileUploadDTO = fileService.sliceUpload(fileUploadRequestDTO);
} else {
fileUploadDTO = fileService.upload(fileUploadRequestDTO);
}
stopWatch.stop();
log.info("{}",stopWatch.prettyPrint());
return new Result<FileUploadDTO>().setData(fileUploadDTO);
}
throw new BizException("上传失败", 406);
}
4、秒传
4.1 什么是秒传
4.2 实现的秒传核心逻辑
String fileName, File confFile, byte isComplete) {
RedisUtil redisUtil = SpringContextHolder.getBean(RedisUtil.class);
if (isComplete == Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
redisUtil.hset(FileConstant.FILE_UPLOAD_STATUS, param.getMd5(), "true");
redisUtil.del(FileConstant.FILE_MD5_KEY + param.getMd5());
confFile.delete();
return true;
} else {
if (!redisUtil.hHasKey(FileConstant.FILE_UPLOAD_STATUS, param.getMd5())) {
redisUtil.hset(FileConstant.FILE_UPLOAD_STATUS, param.getMd5(), "false");
redisUtil.set(FileConstant.FILE_MD5_KEY + param.getMd5(),
uploadDirPath + FileConstant.FILE_SEPARATORCHAR + fileName + ".conf");
}
return false;
}
}
5、总结
END
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