【寒假预习】苏教译林版初中英语 八年级下册Unit 7
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especially | adv. 特别,尤其 |
basic | adj.基础的,基本的 |
education | n. 教育 |
equal | adj.平等的 |
right | n. 权利 |
spread | n.扩散;分布;展开 |
interviewer | n. 采访者 |
mostly | adv.主要地,大部份地 |
case | n.病例;案例 |
cure | vt.治愈 |
medical | adj.,医学的,医疗的 |
treatment | n. 治疗 |
patient | n. 病人 |
afford | vt.买得起;能做 |
on board | 在飞机(船、火车)上 |
operate | vi.做手术 |
proud | adj. 自豪的,骄傲的 |
reader | n. 读者 |
medicine | n.医学;药 |
develop | vi.&vt.发展;加强 |
treat | vt,治疗;处理 |
carry on | 继续开展,继续下去 |
leaflet | n. 传单;散页印刷品 |
hand out | 分发;提出 |
hold | vt.举行 |
set | vt.&vi.创建,建立 |
set up | 建起,设立 |
including | prep.包括,包含 |
war | n. 战争 |
organize | (=organise)vt. 组织 |
pale | adj. 苍白的 |
matter | n.事情,问题 |
check | n.检查 |
secretary | n. 秘书 |
make up one s mind | 决定 |
India | n. 印度 |
officer | n. 官员 |
blind | adj.失明的 |
go to hospital | 去看病 |
8B Unit7 电子课本
【重点短语】
1.have some pocket money left
剩下一些零花钱
2.too weak to walk any further
太虚弱了而不能走更远
3.internatinal charities
国际慈善机构
4.build a better world for everyone
为大家建一个更美好的世界
5.especially in the world
尤其在世界上
6.mostly in poor areas
主要在贫困地区
7.provide basic education
提供基础教育
8.work for the rights of girls and women
为女孩和妇女们的权利而工作
9.prevent the spread of some serious diseases
防止一些严重疾病的传播
10.have an interview with an ORBIS doctor
采访一名奥比斯医生
11.set up in Europe
建立在欧洲
12.because of the war 因为战争
13.the Students’ Union 学生会
14.sell sth to raise money=raise money by selling sth
卖东西筹钱
15.hand out leaflets 分发传单
16.do operations on sb 给某人动手术
17.many more people in poor areas
在贫困地区更多的人
18.during Mr Ma’s last visit
在马医生上次采访期间
19.have no money to go to hospital
=can’t afford to go to hospital
没有钱去医院看病
20.go/come to watch the show
去/来看演出
21.have to speak loudly
不得不大声说
22.try to prevent them from getting illnesses
尽量阻止他们得病
23.support by working as volunteers
通过作为支援者工作支持
24. get toothache 得牙痛
25.nothing serious 没什么严重的
26.take this medicine after meals
饭后服药
27.You’ll be all right in a few days
几天之后你将会好的
28.on board 在船上/飞机上
29. teach them new skills 教他们新技能
30.help people see again 帮助人们重见光明
31.do an eye operation 动一次眼科手术
32.a Flying Eye Hospital 一家飞行眼科医院
33. something else 其它一些东西
34.say to our readers 对我们的读者说
35.modern medicine 现代医学
36.most eye problems and diseases
大多数眼睛问题和疾病
37.carry on with our work/ carry on working
继续我们的工作
38.the money for medical treatment
用作为医学治疗的钱
39.attend courses after work
下班后学习课程
40.300 days a year 一年300天
41.be used to travelling by plane
习惯于坐飞机旅行
42.have as much money as before
和以前拥有钱一样多
43. be afraid of flying/to fly
害怕飞行
44.be proud to help people to see again
骄傲地帮助人们重见光明
45.use a computer for sending/to send
用电脑发送
46.keep asking myself
一直问我自己
47.no time to be nervous any more
再也没有紧张地时间了
48.a secretary of a company
一家公司的文书
49.live in a comfortable flat
住在一个舒适的套房
50.drive to work 开车上班
51.help poor people with eye problems
帮助有眼病的穷人
52.make up one’s mind to train as a nurse
决定训练作为一名护士
53.can be prevented or cured
能够被预防治愈
54.80 per cent of the cases
80%的病例
55.volunteer doctors 志愿者医生
56.used to work on the farm all day
过去常常整天在农场工作
57.can’t read or write
既不能读书也不能写字
58.learn about the conditions of the locoal people
了解当地人的情况
59.hope to be a teacher
希望当一名老师。
【重点句型】
1.More money is needed for charity.
慈善事业需要更多的钱。
2.I’m too weak to walk any furthe.r.
我太虚弱了而不能走更远。
3.The plane is used as a training centre
这架飞机当作为训练中心使用。
4.It provids basic education for children in poor areas.
它为贫困地区的孩子提供基础教育。
5.Many of our patients can ‘t afford to go to hospital,so we have to go to them..
我们大多数病人不能到医院看病,所以我们不得不去他们那儿。
6.By training them,we hope to help more people.
通过训练他们,我们希望帮助更多的人。
7.During my last visit,150 patients were operated on..
在我们上次采访期间,150个病人被动了手术。
8.But more money is needed to carry on with our work.
但是需要更多的钱了,来继续我们的工作。
9.How long have you felt like this ?
你感觉这样已有多长时间?
10.so she made up her mind to train as a nurse and attended courses after work..
所以她决定当一名护士并且下班后学习课程。
11.She is used to travelling by plane.
他习惯于坐飞机旅行。
【重点语法】
一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态
英语中共有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式。一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”“受”“给”“由”等词表示被动意义。如:
Millie(主语)cleans(谓语)the room(宾语)every day.(主动)
动作执行者 动作 动作承受者
The room(主语)is cleaned(谓语)by Millie every day.(被动)
动作承受者 动作 动作执行者
1.被动语态的用法
(1)当动作的执行者泛指或不言自明时,用被动语态。这时一般不需要by结构。如:
Word processing skills are taught in our computer
lessons.在我们的电脑课上传授文字处理技术。
(2)当不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者时,用被动语态。如:
Some new computers in our school were stolen last
night.昨天夜里我们学校里的一些新电脑被偷了。
(3)突出或强调动作的承受者时用被动语态。如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by结构。如:
The window was broken by Mike窗户被迈克打破了。
2.被动语态的构成
被动语态的构成形式是“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”。人称、数和时态的变化通过be动词的变化表现出来。
一般现在时的被动语态构成:am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。如:
Visitors are requested not to touch the machines.
参观者们被要求不要触摸机器。
一般过去时的被动语态构成:was/were+及物动词的过去分词。如:
Millie was invited to Kate s birthday party last week.
上周米莉被邀请参加凯特的生日聚会。
3.主动语态变被动语态的方法
先把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,再把谓语变为被动结构(be+动词的过去分词),最后把主动语态的主语放在介词by后面作宾语,将主格变为宾格。如:
Her mother cooks meals at home.
→ Meals are cooked by her mother at home.
家里的饭菜是她母亲做的。
4.主动语态变被动语态需要注意的问题:
(1)谓语动词的时态要与原句时态一致。如:
I bought a new bike.(改为被动语态)
我买了一辆新自行车。
误:A new bike is bought by me.
正:A new bike was bought by me
(2)含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时,可以分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不变。一般变间接宾语为主语。如:
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
→ I was given a present (by my uncle) on my birthday.
我叔叔在我生日时给了我一个礼物。
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,要在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词to或for。如上句还可说:
A present was given to me (by my uncle) on my birthday.
注意:动词bring,give,lend,offer,pass,show,teach,tell等后面的间接宾语前常用介词to.动词buy, cook, get, keep, make, order, play, sing等后面的间接宾语前常用介词for。如:
My bike was lent to her.我的自行车借给她了。
A new shirt was made for me by Mum.
妈妈给我做了一件新衬衫。
5.在主动语态中以省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的,改为被动语态时不能省略to(要把to补充出来)。如:
I often see him play basketball in the playground.
→ He is often seen to play basketball (by me) in the playground.
我经常看见他在操场上打篮球。
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