新概念英语第三册课文听力视频精讲Lesson21 Daniel Mendoza
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新概念英语
第三册
Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza
丹尼尔.门多萨
（一）书本
Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.
两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。
In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.
当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。
Because of this, they were known as prizefighters .
因此，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。
However, boxing was very crude, for there were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
不过，拳击是十分野蛮的，因为当时没有任何比赛规则，职业拳击手有可能在比赛中受重伤，甚至丧命。
One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764.
拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔.门多萨，他生于1764年。
The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.
1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。
Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game.
虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。
In this day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
门多萨在的全盛时期深受大家欢迎，无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至。
Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old.
门多萨在14岁时参加一场拳击赛后一举成名。
This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England.
这引起当时英国拳坛名将理查德.汉弗莱斯的注意。
He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn.
他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。
In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him.
事实上，门多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。
The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight.
两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。
A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour.
于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了一个小时。
The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.
公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了。
Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time.
后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量，门多萨又输了一场。
It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England.
直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。
Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils.
同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很成功，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。
He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearance.
门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就多可达100英镑。
Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt.
尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，经常债台高筑。
After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten.
他在被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被遗忘。
He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.
他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最后于1836年在贫困中死去。
笔记
New words and expression 生词和短语
Boxing n.拳击
Boxer n.拳击手
Bare adj.赤裸的（= uncovered adj.无盖的）
Fisted adj.握成拳头的
bare fist = bare fisted adj.赤手空拳的 adv.赤手空拳地
bare foot = barefooted adj.光着脚的 adv.未戴帽地
barehanded（adj.赤手空拳的） barelegged（adj.露腿的 adv.光着腿的）
bare-necked（adj.露出脖子的） bareheaded（adj.不戴帽子的）
naked adj.全裸, 赤裸的, 裸体的
-- He s walking in bare feet. 他光着双脚走路。
-- He is naked. = he has nothing no 他什么也没穿。
Nude adj.裸体的, 光秃秃的 n.裸体画, 裸体, 裸体雕像
-- Nudes are art. 裸体画是一种艺术。
prizefighter n.职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）
crude adj.粗野的
be crude to somebody
-- He is crude to the girl.
Rude adj.粗鲁的, 无礼的（比crude的语气要弱）
Marquis n.侯爵
Technically adv.严格根据法律意义地
Science n.科学
Popularity n.名望（n.普及, 流行, 声望）
in popularity 受欢迎的
-- Instant adj.立即的, 即时的, (食品)速溶的, 方便的
-- Instant foods are getting in popularity.
-- Popular songs are in popularity.
Popular adj.通俗的, 流行的, 受欢迎的
-- Be popular with sb 受某人喜爱
-- The famous actor is popular with young people.
Fame n.名声, 名望, 传说 famous adj.著名的, 出名的
Reputation n.声誉, 名誉, 名声
adore v.崇拜, 爱戴（= worship vi.敬神, 拜神 vt.崇拜, 尊敬）
-- More and more people adore the famous actress.
alike adv.一样地
= similarly adv.同样地, 类似于
= equally adv.同样地, 相等地, 平等地
= as well 也, 又, 同样
= in the same way adv.同样地
-- He was adored by rich and poor alike.
-- The teacher is adored by boy and girl alike.
Fame n.名声
Eminent adj.著名的，杰出的
= distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的；超群的；出众的；著名的
-- eminent scientist / eminent physicist（n.物理学家）
bitterly adv.厉害地
-- It is blowing bitterly.
Bitter adj.苦的, 辛酸的, 刺骨的
-- During cold winter, it is really bitter. / bitter fruit 苦果
bet v.打赌
bet on something 以…打赌
-- The public bet on Tom. 公众把赌注押在汤姆的身上。
bet somebody that 和某人打赌
-- I bet her I would win the march.
bet one s bottom dollar on… 孤注一掷在…上
-- He bet his bottom dollar on his last attempt.
bet on the wrong horse [口]判断或估计错误
I bet. 我打赌, 我肯定。
You bet. [俗]当然, 真的, 的确（= certainly）
Academy n.专业学校
Extravagant adj.浪费的，奢移的（wasteful adj.浪费的, 不经济的）
-- extravagant habit
反义词：thrifty, frugal, economical
poverty n.贫困（in poverty 在贫困中）
indigence n.贫乏, 穷困
destitution n.赤贫（穷得一无所有）
penury n.拮据, 贫穷, 穷困
unsuccessful adj.不成功的, 失败的
champion n.冠军, 战士
injure vt.损害, 伤害 v.伤害
injured adj.受伤的,受损害的
figure n.人物, 尤其是著名人物
glove n.手套 vt.戴手套
draw vt., vi.(drew, drawn, drawing)拉, 拖, 绘制
swift adj.迅速的, 敏捷的 adv.迅速地, 敏捷地
swiftly adv.很快地, 即刻
settled adj.确立的, 定下的, 决定的
quarrel vi.吵架, 争论, 挑剔
argument n.争论, 辩论
finally adv.最後, 最终
ring n.拳击场
later adj.更迟的,更后的 adv.稍后,随后
lose vi. 失败, 受损失
debt n.债；债务
Text 课文
How many unsuccessful attempts did Mendoza make before becoming Champion of all England?
Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.
be popular = be in popularity
In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.
fought with bare fists 赤手空拳的打斗
Because of this, they were known as prizefighters .
However, boxing was very crude, for these were no rules and a prizefighter could be
seriously injured or even killed during a match.
One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in
1764.
One of the most colourful figures = one of the most famous people
The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up
the first set of rules.关注“新标准英语”,免费同步辅导，免费海量资源
Introduce（vt.传入, 引进）= bring in（介绍引进）
-- Potatoes were introduced into Europe from South America.
draw up vt.制定、起草（-- draw up a plan）
Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting
into a sport, for he brought science to the game.
In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
In his day = in his full time = in his good day 在他的全盛时期
He was adored by rich and poor alike.
= He was not only adored by the rich but adored by the poor as well.
Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old.
rise to fame = become famous
This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in
England.
attract somebody s attention = attract the attention of somebody
He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn.
In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him.
turn against… 变成和...敌对
The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by
a fight.
bitter（adv.非常, 剧烈, 厉害）= Severely（adv.严格地, 激烈地）
A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour.
The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.
Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time.
he lost for a second time = he lost again
It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became
Champion of England.
It is/was not until
Jungle’s opinion: 在英语中喜欢把not和until连在一起用
例如：He didn’t leave until the rain stopped.
Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his
pupils.
He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearance.
as much as 多达
Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt.
in debt 欠债, 负债
After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten.
He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1...D grasp vt.抓住, 掌握, 领会 n.抓住, 掌握, 领会
establish vt.建立, 设立, 确定, 证实
2...D in favor of adv.赞同, 有利于
3...C apart from 除什么之外还有
supplement vt.补足, 补充
4...A 5...A 6...B
7...B owe people money = owe money to people
8...B
vivid adj.生动的, 鲜明的, 鲜艳的, 活泼的, 逼真的
personality n.个性, 人格, 人物, 名人
character n.特性, 性质, 特征, 人物
image n.图象, 肖像, 偶像
imaginative adj.想象的, 虚构的 adj.富于想象的, 有想象力的
9...C
exceptionally（adj.例外的, 异常的） unusually（adv.显著地, 不同寻常的）
-- An exceptionally beautiful girl.
marvelously（adj.不可思议的, 非凡的） = wonderfully（adv.奇妙的, 奇异的）
singly adv.单独的
unequally adv.不相等地, 不公平地, 独一无二的
10...A rise vi.n.
11...A
jealous adj.妒忌的, 猜疑的, 警惕的, 嫉妒的
disinterested adj.无私心的, 廉洁的, 公正的 adj.[美口]不关心的, 不感兴趣的
revolt v.反抗, 起义, 反叛
revolted adj.起来反抗的, 起义的, 厌恶的
12...D
beat = defeat
conquer vt.征服, 战胜, 占领, 克服
gain vt.vi.赢得, 获得 win v.赢得（比赛）
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