新概念英语第三册课文听力视频精讲Lesson54 Instinct or cleverness?
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新概念英语
第三册
Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness?
是本能还是机智
（一）书本
We have been brought up to fear insects.
我们自幼就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。
We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good.
我们把昆虫当作害多益少的无用东西。
We continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops.
人类不断同昆虫斗争，因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物，传播疾病，吞噬庄稼。
They sting or bite without provocation;
它们无缘无故地又叮又咬；
they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows.
夏天的晚上，它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里，或者对着露出亮光的窗户乱扑乱撞。
We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless one like moths.
我们在日常生活中，不但憎恶如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫，而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。
Reading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears.
阅读有关昆虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解，却不能消除我们的恐惧的心理。
Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion
即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有高度组织性的社会里，我们也无法抑制对它们的反感。
when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch.
当看到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间野餐上爬行时，
No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess,
不管我们多么爱吃蜂蜜，或读过多少关于蜜蜂具有神秘的识别方向的灵感的书，
we have a horror of being stung.
我们仍然十分害怕被蜂蜇。
Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase.
我们的恐惧大部分是没有道理的，但去无法消除。
At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating.
同时，不知为什么昆虫又是迷人的。
We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives.
我们喜欢看有关昆虫的书，尤其是当我们了解螳螂等过着一种令人生畏的生活时，就更加爱读有关昆虫的书了。
We enjoy staring at them, entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence.
我们喜欢入迷地看它们做事，它们不知道（但愿如此）我们就在它们身边。
Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?
当看到蜘蛛扑向一只苍蝇时，一队蚂蚁抬着一只巨大的死甲虫凯旋归时，谁能不感到敬畏呢?
Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree.
去年夏天，我花了好几天时间站在花园里观察成千只蚂蚁爬上我那棵心爱的桃树的树干。
The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house.
那棵树是靠着房子有遮挡的一面暖墙生长的。
I am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches.
我为这棵树感到特别自豪，不仅因为它度过了几个寒冬终于活了下来，而且还因为它有时结出些甘甜的桃子来。
During the summer, I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither.
到了夏天，我发现树叶开始枯萎，
Clusters of tiny insects called aphids were to be found on the underside of the leaves.
结果在树叶背面找到成串的叫作蚜虫小虫子。
They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them.
蚜虫遭到一窝蚂蚁的攻击，蚂蚁从它们身上可以获得一种蜜。
I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though if failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours.
我当即动手作了一项试验，这项试验尽管没有使我摆脱这些蚂蚁，却使我着迷了24小时。
I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphids.
我用一条胶带把桃树底部包上，不让蚂蚁接近蚜虫。
The tape was so sticky that they did not dare to cross it.
胶带极粘，蚂蚁不敢从上面爬过。
For a long time. I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment.
在很长一段时间里，我看见蚂蚁围着大树底部来回转悠，不知所措。
I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it.
半夜，我还拿着电筒来到花园里，满意地（同时惊奇地）发现那些蚂蚁还围着胶带团团转。无能为力。
I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair.
第二天早上，我起床后希望看见蚂蚁已因无望而放弃了尝试，
Instead, I saw that they had discovered a new route.
结果却发现它们又找到一条新的路径。
They were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the tree.
它们正在顺着房子的外墙往上爬，然后爬上树叶。
I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity.
我懊丧地感到败在了足智多谋的蚂蚁的手下。
The ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods!
蚂蚁已很快找到了相应的对策，来对付我那套完全不科学的办法！
New words and expression 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
wage v.进行(斗争)
=begin and continue a struggle
=carry on 表示开始进行
=undertake to do 着手
--He undertook to inform people concerned.
wage a war against / on 就什么方面展开斗争
--Life means perpetual struggle against poverty.
engage in不仅开展,而且全身心地投入
be engaged in / be determined on sth / be dedicated to sth / be devoted to sth
contaminate v.弄脏,玷污
: make dirty or bad or impure by mixing with dirty or poisonous matter
--Don’t eat the apple .It has been contaminated by flies.
--Don’t read the hot story ( 黄色书刊 )just because it will contaminate (毒害)your mind.
pollute v. 污染
--The air has been polluted severely / terribly / badly.
pollution n.
polluted a.
tint vt. 弄脏( 通常用被动语态,突出坏因素对人的负面影响 )
=contaminate
--Don’t read the hot story just because it will contaminate / tint your mind.
--His reputation was tinted by the scandal.(丑闻)
foul :make sth dirty
--Dogs are forbidden to go into the streets because we are afraid the streets will be fouled.
--The factory is responsible for fouling up the air.
foul up=pollute
defile : make sth impure
=contaminate 使污染，内含不纯
--I like honey ,but I don’t want to drink the honey defiled by flies.
poison vt 污染(较口语化)
= foul up / pollute
--Gases from cars are poisoning the air of our city.
provocation n. 惹怒，激怒
provoke v.激起
=make angry or bad-tempered / cause 挑衅，引起，激起
--He was provoked beyond his endurance.
--He was provoked and it was more than he could endure.
他是怒不可遏。
arouse v. 激起
--The book arouses / provokes my interest.
bring about / result in / lead to / give rise to
provoke sb’s interest in sth 激起某人兴趣
provoke sb to do / provoke sb into doing / cause sb to do sth 致使某人做某时
--You provoked him to say so,why?
revulsion n.厌恶
=disgust / dislike
uncanny a.神秘的,不可思议的
mysterious a. 神秘的
--They are leading a mysterious life.
--In spite of this ,he survived mysteriously.
eerie a.怪诞的,奇异的
--He looks eerie.
--What he said is eerie to me.
weird a.怪异的,怪诞的,奇异的
--I can’t get along well with him because he is a weird person.
--Why do you decide to marry such a weird person?
cryptic a.神秘的,突出鬼鬼祟祟的
--Why did you do such a little thing in a cryptic way.
erase v.擦,抹去
--Erase the idea from your mind!
--He erases the name from the namelist.
cancel 取消
write off 把……勾销，注销
cross off 把……划去
--The word is unnecessary here, so it crossed off.关注“新标准英语”,免费同步辅导，免费海量资源
wipe out 完全擦掉
--I want to write on the blackboard , so I have to wipe all the words here out.
--I can’t imaging why your are so hot ,please wipe out sweat on your face.
obliterate v. 涂去
--He obliterated two words in ink / with a pen.
--I obliterate the word with chalk.
entranced a.出神的
entrance n/vt: carry away with joy and delight
entrance to the room / hall
be entranced in thought想得入了迷/出了神
--I don’t know what he has in his mind, anyway he is entranced in thought.
be entranced with fear 吓得魂不附体
--At the story at night , I was entranced with fear.
be pleased with / be satisfied with / be popular with / entranced with +Performance/film/book
表示入迷
--He was entranced with film.
--Are you entranced with the story?
--He listened to the story entranced.
--The writer watched ants entranced.
ingenuity n.机灵
--The boy shows ingenuity in making toys.
这男孩在制作玩具方面显得机灵。
Text 课文
We have been brought up to fear insects.
我们自幼就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。
We have been brought up to eat certain food.
We have learnt to do… 表示已经学会适应了什么。
--We have learnt to fear insects.
--Girls have been brought up to fear mice.
We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good.
我们把昆虫当作害多益少的无用东西。
do morn harm than good
--The exercise will do you good.
--Smoking will do you harm.
We continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops.
人类不断同昆虫斗争，因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物，传播疾病，吞噬庄稼。
Wage war against / wage war on them
devour 吞噬
--Two dogs benefited from the accident and they devoured the remains of the cake.
--Her eyes devour the beautiful dress
They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat ageist our lighted windows.
它们无缘无故地又叮又咬；夏天的晚上，它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里，或者对着露出亮光的窗户乱扑乱撞。
fly uninvited into our rooms / without being invited
做定语时，light只能用lighted形式
We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless one like moths.
我们在日常生活中，不但憎恶如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫，而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。
书面语中常常借助介词短语
口语中I did so as / because I believe that you can do it well.
我这样做是因为我相信你能把这项工作做得很好。
书面语中 I did so in the belief that…
in the thought that / in the hope that
in / under 书面语中常使用
--Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is much more beautiful.
我的这些朋友还依旧抱有一种幻想乡村生活更美。
--We live under the illusion that city life is wonderful.
in dread : in fear
in dread of 害怕什么
dread doing / dread to do
ones : insects
在使用not only ……, but (also)……(as well)句型时，要突出介词短语或动词短语中的介词，则此介词要重复出现。
--I live in dread not only of dogs, but of cats.
be afraid of
--I am afraid not only of dogs , but of cats.
both……and……
--We live in dread of both dogs and cats.
--I am interested not only in English , but in French.
Reading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears.
阅读有关昆虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解，却不能消除我们的恐惧的心理。
dispel : erase / get rid of / remove 消除，去除
Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch.
即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有高度组织性的社会里，当看到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间野餐上爬行时，我们也无法抑制对它们的反感。
in a highly organized society 具有高度组织性的社会
--We live in a highly organized society.
does nothing to do 不会起作用
--Doing so does nothing to prevent me from hating you.
Prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
--Nothing will prevent me from saying so.
--Whatever you say does nothing to prevent me from attaining / accomplishing my goal.
无论你说什么都不会阻止我去实现我的梦想。
Accomplish goal / attain goal
Accomplish aim / attain aim
Horde / colony
Crawl / creep / climb
No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung.
不管我们多么爱吃蜂蜜，或读过多少关于蜜蜂具有神秘的识别方向的灵感的书，我们仍然十分害怕被蜂蜇。
No matter how : however much
Dread / fear / horror / terror 语气逐步加强
--We become illogical when we have a horror of being stung.
Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase.
我们的恐惧大部分是没有道理的，但去无法消除。
It is impossible for us to do sth 关注“新标准英语”,免费同步辅导，免费海量资源
It is impossible for us to erase the fears.
It is easy foe everyone to read ./ it is easy to read.
At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating.
同时，不知为什么昆虫又是迷人的。
Be fascinated with 对……着迷
Strangely / uncanny 神秘的
We enjoy staring at them, entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence.
我们喜欢看有关昆虫的书，尤其是当我们了解螳螂等过着一种令人生畏的生活时，就更加爱读有关昆虫的书了。
go about their business : as they do what they should do 干它们应该干的事
as they get down to their business
--let us get down to our business. 让我们言归正传。
--You should go about your business. 干你们应该干的事情。
注意该句的平行结构。
Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?
当看到蜘蛛扑向一只苍蝇时，一队蚂蚁抬着一只巨大的死甲虫凯旋归时，谁能不感到敬畏呢？
Stand in awe : fear but respect 敬畏
At the sight of : as soon as you see……一看到……
Pounce on : jump at / charge at 向什么猛扑过去
Stand in awe of 敬畏什么
--Generally speaking , employees stand in awe of their employer.
--In primary school , pupils stand in awe of their teacher.
A colony of ants 一群蚂蚁
Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree.
去年夏天，我花了好几天时间站在花园里观察成千只蚂蚁爬上我那棵心爱的桃树的树干。
Prize ：dear
I am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches.
那棵树是靠着房子有遮挡的一面暖墙生长的。我为这棵树感到特别自豪，不仅因为它度过了几个寒冬终于活了下来，而且还因为它有时结出些甘甜的桃子来。
如果要突出原因，则要重复 because.
During the summer, I noticed tat the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither.
到了夏天，我发现树叶开始枯萎.
Wither 枯萎
Horde / colony / column / cluster
一般形容小的动物。
Clusters of tin insects called aphids were to be found on the underside of the leaves.
结果在树叶背面找到成串的叫作蚜虫小虫子。
Were to be found / were found
See / find / congratulate 常和be to 搭配，用于被动语态
The boy was found behind the door. 口语中
The boy was to be found behind the door. 书面语中
--He was congratulated by his friends.
--He was to be congratulated by his friends.
We can’t find him anywhere. / we can find him nowhere. 到处也找不见他
He is nowhere to be found / seen 比较正式的书面用语
They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them.
蚜虫遭到一窝蚂蚁的攻击，蚂蚁从它们身上可以获得一种蜜。
Which obtained : to obtain
I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though if failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours.
我当即动手作了一项试验，这项试验尽管没有使我摆脱这些蚂蚁，却使我着迷了24小时。
embarked on : set out to do / set about doing 正式的开始着手做某事
--I immediately set out to do an experiment.
kept me fascinated ：kept me occupied
I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphids.
我用一条胶带把桃树底部包上，不让蚂蚁接近蚜虫。
Bind / bound 捆绑
making it impossible for sb. to do -ing形式做状语，进一步修饰前一步的情况。
--I work hard making it possible to pass the examination.
--I prepared dinner carefully, making it possible to please my guests.
The tape was so stick that they did not dare to cross it.
胶带极粘，蚂蚁不敢从上面爬过。
The didn’t dare to cross it . / They dared not cross it.
注意dare用法。
Need / You needn’t come here on Sunday.
You don’t need to come here on Sunday.
For a long time. I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment.
在很长一段时间里，我看见蚂蚁围着大树底部来回转悠，不知所措。
In bewilderment : were lost 迷惑了
I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it.
半夜，我还拿着电筒来到花园里，满意地（同时惊奇地）发现那些蚂蚁还围着胶带团团转。Swarm around 团团转
Without being able to do anything about it 茫然不知所措
=unable to do anything about it
I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair.
第二天早上，我起床后希望看见蚂蚁已因无望而放弃了尝试.
Hoping to do : in the hope that
I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity.
我懊丧地感到败在了足智多谋的蚂蚁的手下。
I took a beating completely.
The ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods!
蚂蚁已很快找到了相应的对策，来对付我那套完全不科学的办法！
Be quick to find an answer to / a solution to
--Daniel Mendoza was quick to learn.
--Ants are quick to find answer to their problem.
Vocabulary 词汇
Contaminate : make dirty , make impure.
Contaminate / taint
Contaminate / defile
Pollute / foul up / poison
Devour : eat hungrily
Provocation : being made angry
Provoke : make angry
Dispelling : erasing
Dispel : erase
Nothing can dispel our fear.
Industrious ：hard working
Revulsion : dislike
Pouncing : jumping at suddenly
Pounce on 猛扑向
The customs officer pounced on my tiny bottle.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
Comprehension
1… 正确答案：B
rational 理性的 / irrational 没理性的
logical / illogical reasonable / unreasonable
rational / irrational
outrageous / ridiculous
be likely to do 有可能做
no less likely 可能性不大
掌握we are no less likely to do sth.
2 正确答案：D
3 正确答案：A
虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反
4 正确答案：C
up and down 上上下下 / 来来回回
around 来来回回
clusters of insects called aphids were to be found on the underside of the leaves.
5 正确答案：C
与第一题结合
6 正确答案：A
与第一题结合
7 正确答案：C
in spite of / despite / in contempt of / in disregard of
8正确答案：D
it takes sb. or sth. Some time to do
表示花费某人某物多长时间
9正确答案：B
can not help doing / can not resist doing
表示禁不住
10 正确答案：B
uncanny 神秘的
11 正确答案：B
luscious 甘美的
12 正确答案：C
speedy / swift / rapid / fast / quick / speedy / hasty
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