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别留念昨天了，把握好今天吧。(Will Rogers) 170. If you are not brave enough, no one will back you up. 你不勇敢，没人替你坚强。171. If you don't build your dream, someone will hire you to build theirs. 如果你没有梦想，那么你只能为别人的梦想打工。172. Beauty is all around, if you just open your heart to see. 只要你给自己机会，你会发现你的世界可以很美丽。173. The difference in winning and losing is most often...not quitting. 赢与输的差别通常是--不放弃。(华特·迪士尼) 174. I am ordinary yet unique. 我很平凡，但我独一无二。175. I like people who make me laugh in spite of myself. 我喜欢那些让我笑起来的人，就算是我不想笑的时候。176. Image a new story for your life and start living it. 为你的生命想一个全新剧本，并去倾情出演吧！177. I'd rather be a happy fool than a sad sage. 做个悲伤的智者，不如做个开心的傻子。178. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. 未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。(埃莉诺·罗斯福) 179. Even if you get no applause, you should accept a curtain call gracefully and appreciate your own efforts. 即使没有人为你鼓掌，也要优雅的谢幕，感谢自己的认真付出。180. Don't let dream just be your dream. 别让梦想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 没有笑声的一天是浪费了的一天。(卓别林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧，见的世面多了，你会发现原来在意的那些结根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功关键都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what. 开心一点吧，管它会怎样。185. A good plan today is better than a perfect plan tomorrow. 今天的好计划胜过明天的完美计划。186. Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible'! 一切皆有可能！“不可能”的意思是：“不，可能。”(奥黛丽·赫本) 187. Life isn't fair, but no matter your circumstances, you have to give it your all. 生活是不公平的，不管你的境遇如何，你只能全力以赴。188. No matter how hard it is, just keep going because you only fail when you give up. 无论多么艰难，都要继续前进，因为只有你放弃的那一刻，你才输了。 When Paul Jobs was mustered out of the Coast Guard after World War II, he made a wager with his crewmates. They had arrived in San Francisco, where their ship was decommissioned, and Paul bet that he would find himself a wife within two weeks. He was a taut, tattooed engine mechanic, six feet tall, with a passing resemblance to James Dean. But it wasn’t his looks that got him a date with Clara Hagopian, a sweet-humored daughter of Armenian immigrants. It was the fact that he and his friends had a car, unlike the group she had originally planned to go out with that evening. Ten days later, in March 1946, Paul got engaged to Clara and won his wager. It would turn out to be a happy marriage, one that lasted until death parted them more than forty years later. Paul Reinhold Jobs had been raised on a dairy farm in Germantown, Wisconsin. Even though his father was an alcoholic and sometimes abusive, Paul ended up with a gentle and calm disposition under his leathery exterior. After dropping out of high school, he wandered through the Midwest picking up work as a mechanic until, at age nineteen, he joined the Coast Guard, even though he didn’t know how to swim. He was deployed on the USS General M. C. Meigs and spent much of the war ferrying troops to Italy for General Patton. His talent as a machinist and fireman earned him commendations, but he occasionally found himself in minor trouble and never rose above the rank of seaman. Clara was born in New Jersey, where her parents had landed after fleeing the Turks in Armenia, and they moved to the Mission District of San Francisco when she was a child. She had a secret that she rarely mentioned to anyone: She had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. So when she met Paul Jobs on that first date, she was primed to start a new life. Clara, however, loved San Francisco, and in 1952 she convinced her husband to move back there. They got an apartment in the Sunset District facing the Pacific, just south of Golden Gate Park, and he took a job working for a finance company as a “repo man,” picking the locks of cars whose owners hadn’t paid their loans and repossessing them. He also bought, repaired, and sold some of the cars, making a decent enough living in the process. There was, however, something missing in their lives. They wanted children, but Clara had suffered an ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg was implanted in a fallopian tube rather than the uterus, and she had been unable to have any. So by 1955, after nine years of marriage, they were looking to adopt a child. Like Paul Jobs, Joanne Schieble was from a rural Wisconsin family of German heritage. Her father, Arthur Schieble, had immigrated to the outskirts of Green Bay, where he and his wife owned a mink farm and dabbled successfully in various other businesses, including real estate and photoengraving. He was very strict, especially regarding his daughter’s relationships, and he had strongly disapproved of her first love, an artist who was not a Catholic. Thus it was no surprise that he threatened to cut Joanne off completely when, as a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, she fell in love with Abdulfattah “John” Jandali, a Muslim teaching assistant from Syria. Jandali was the youngest of nine children in a prominent Syrian family. His father owned oil refineries and multiple other businesses, with large holdings in Damascus and Homs, and at one point pretty much controlled the price of wheat in the region. His mothe凝固的熔岩流。火星上常常有猛烈的大风，大风扬起沙尘能形成可以覆盖火星全球的特大型沙尘暴。每次沙尘暴可持续数个星期。火星两极的冰冠和火星大气中含有水份。从火星表面获得的探测数据证明，在远古时期，火星曾经有过液态的水，而且水量特别大。[51] 土星是离太阳第六颗行星，直径120536㎞，体积仅次于木星。主要由氢组成，还有少量的氦与微量元素，内部的核心包括岩石和冰，外围由数层金属氢和气体包裹着。地球距离土星13亿公里。土星的引力比地球强2.5倍，能够牵引太阳系内其它行星，使地球处于一个椭圆轨道中运行，并且与太阳保持适当距离，适宜生命繁衍。当土星轨道倾斜20度将使地球轨道比金星轨道更接近太阳，同时，这将导致火星完全离开太阳系。[52] 土星是已知唯一密度小于水的行星，假如能够将土星放入一个巨大的浴池之中，它将可以漂浮起来。土星有一个巨大的磁气圈和一个狂风肆虐的大气层，赤道附近的风速可达1800千米/时。在环绕土星运行的31颗卫星中间，土卫六是最大的一颗，比水星和月球还大，也是太阳系中唯一拥有浓厚大气层的卫星。[53] 天王星是离太阳第七颗行星，51118km。体积约为地球的65倍，在九大行星中仅次于木星和土星。天王星的大气层中83%是氢，15%为氦，2%为甲烷以及少量的乙炔和碳氢化合物。上层大气层的甲烷吸收红光，使天王星呈现蓝绿色。大气在固定纬度集结成云层，类似于木星和土星在纬线上鲜艳的条状色带。天王星云层的平均温度为零下193摄氏度。质量为8.6810±13×10²⁵kg，相当于地球质量的14.63倍。密度较小，只有1.24克/立方厘米，为海王星密度值的74.7%。[54] 恒星 恒星 海王星是离太阳的第八颗行星，直径49532千米。海王星绕太阳运转的轨道半径为45亿千米，公转一周需要165年。海王星的直径和天王星类似，质量比天王星略大一些。海王星和天王星的主要大气成分都是氢和氦，内部结构也极为相近，所以说海王星与天王星是一对孪生兄弟。[55] 海王星有太阳系最强烈的风，测量到的时速高达2100公里。海王星云顶的温度是－218 °C，是太阳系最冷的地区之一。海王星核心的温度约为7000 °C，可以和太阳的表面比较。海王星在1846年9月23日被发现，是唯一利用数学预测而非有计划的观测发现的行星。[56] 冥王星，位于海王星以外的柯伊伯带内侧，是柯伊伯带中已知的最大天体。[57] 直径约为2370±20km，是地球直径的18.5%。[58] 2006年8月24日，国际天文学联合会大会24日投票决定，不再将传统九大行星之一的冥王星视为行星，而将其列入“矮行星”。大会通过的决议规定，“行星”指的是围绕太阳运转、自身引力足以克服其刚体力而使天体呈圆球状、能够清除其轨道附近其他物体的天体。在太阳系传统的“九大行星”中，只有水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星和海王星符合这些要求。冥王星由于其轨道与海王星的轨道相交，不符合新的行星定义，因此被自动降级为“矮行星”。[59] 冥王星的表面温度大概在-238到-228℃之间。冥王星的成份由70%岩石和30%冰水混合而成的。地表上光亮的部分可能覆盖着一些固体氮以及少量 卫星拍月球经过地球，可见清晰月球背面 卫星拍月球经过地球，可见清晰月球背面 [60] 的固体甲烷和一氧化碳，冥王星表面的黑暗部分可能是一些基本的有机物质或是由宇宙射线引发的光化学反应。冥王星的大气层主要由氮和少量的一氧化碳及甲烷组成。大气极其稀薄，地面压强只有少量微帕。[61] 地球是离太阳第三颗行星，是我们人类的家乡，尽管地球是太阳系中一颗普通的行星，但它在许多方面都是独一无二的。比如，它是太阳系中唯一一颗面积大部分被水覆盖的行星，也是目前所知唯一一颗有生命存在的星球。质量M=5.9742 ×10^24 公斤，表面温度：t = - 30 ～ +45。[62] 英国科研人员在《天体生物学》杂志上报告说，如果没有小行星撞击等可能剧烈改变环境的事件发生，地球适宜人类居住的时间还剩约17.5亿年，不过人为造成的气候变化可能缩短这一时间。[63] 彗星是由灰尘和冰块组成的太阳系中的一类小天体，绕日运动。[64] 科学家使用探测器对彗星的化学遗留物进行分析，发现其主要成份为氨、甲烷、硫化氢、氰化氢和甲醛。科学家得出结论称，彗星的气味闻起来像是臭鸡蛋、马尿、酒精和苦杏仁的气味综合。[65-66] “67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希门克”彗星 “67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希门克”彗星 [67] 在太阳系的周围还包裹着一个庞大的“奥尔特云”。星云内分布着不计其数的冰块、雪团和碎石。其中的某些会受太阳引力影响飞入内太阳系，这学说，在原有的轨道（或称小天体轨道）上又增加了更多的天体运行轨道。这一模式称每颗行星都沿着一个小轨道作圆周运行，而小轨道又沿着该行星的大轨道绕地球作圆周运动。几百年之后，这一模式的漏洞越来越明显。科学家们又在这个模式上增加了许多轨道，行星就这样沿着一道又一道的轨道作圆周运动。哥白尼想用“现代”（16世纪的）技术来改进托勒密的测量结果，以期取消一些小轨道。在长达近20年的时间里，哥白尼不辞辛劳日夜测量行星的位置，但其测量获得的结果仍然与托勒密的天体运行模式没有多少差别。哥白尼想知道在另一个运行着的行星上观察这些行星的运行情况会是什么样的。基于这种设想，哥白尼萌发了一个念头：假如地球在运行中，那么这些行星的运行看上去会是什么情况呢？这一设想在他脑海里变得清晰起来了。一年里，哥白尼在不同的时间、不同的距离从地球上观察行星，每一个行星的情况都不相同，这是他意识到地球不可能位于星星轨道的中心。经过20年的观测，哥白尼发现唯独太阳的周年变化不明显。这意味着地球和太阳的距离始终没有改变。如果地球不是宇宙的中心，那么宇宙的中心就是太阳。的发现才使牛顿有能力确定运动定律和万有引力定律。哥白尼的日心宇宙体系既然是时代的产物，它就不能不受到时代的限制。反对神学的不彻底性，同时表现在哥白尼的某些观点上，他的体系是存在缺陷的。哥白尼所指的宇宙是局限在一个小的范围内的，具体来说，他的宇宙结构就是今天我们所熟知的太阳系，即以太阳为中心的天体系统。宇宙既然有它的中心，就必须有它的边界，哥白尼虽然否定了托勒玫的“九重天”，但他却保留了一层恒星天，尽管他回避了宇宙是否有限这个问题，但实际上他是相信恒星天球是宇宙的“外壳”，他仍然相信天体只能按照所谓完美的圆形轨道运动，所以哥白尼的宇宙体系，仍然包含着不动的中心天体。但是作为近代自然科学的奠基人，哥白尼的历史功绩是伟大的。确认地球不是宇宙的中心，而是行星之一，从而掀起了一场天文学上根本性的革命，是人类探求客观真理道路上的里程碑。哥白尼的伟大成就，不仅铺平了通向近代天文学的道路，而且开创了整个自然界科学向前迈进的新时代。从哥白尼时代起，脱离教会束缚的自然科学和哲学开始获得飞跃的发展。哥白尼的科学成就，是他所处时代的产物，又转过来推动了时代的发展。顺应时代变化 十五、六世纪的欧洲，正是从封建社会向资本主义社会转变的关键时期，在这一二百年间，社会发生了巨大的变化。14世纪ndali soon after. She held out hope, she would later tell family members, sometimes tearing up at the memory, that once they were married, she could get their 别让梦想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 没有笑声的一天是浪费了的一天。(卓别林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧，见的世面多了，你会发现原来在意的那些结根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功关键都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what. 开心一点吧，管它会怎样。baby boy back. Arthur Schieble died in August 1955, after the adoption was finalized. Just after Christmas that year, Joanne and Abdulfattah were married in St. Philip the Apostle Catholic Church in Green Bay. He got his PhD in international politics the next year, and then they had another child, a girl named Mona. After she and Jandali divorced in 1962, Joanne embarked on a dreamy and peripatetic life that her daughter, who grew up to become the acclaimed novelist Mona Simpson, would capture in her book Anywhere but Here. Because Steve’s adoption had been closed, it would be twenty years before they would all find each other. Steve Jobs knew from an early age that he was adopted. “My parents were very open with me about that,” he recalled. He had a vivid memory of sitting on the lawn of his house, when he was six or seven years old, telling the girl who lived across the street. “So does that mean your real parents didn’t want you?” the girl asked. “Lightning bolts went off in my head,” according to Jobs. “I remember running into the house, crying. And my parents said, ‘No, you have to understand.’ They were very serious and looked me straight in the eye. They said, ‘We specifically picked you out.’ Both of my parents said that and repeated it slowly for me. And they put an emphasis on every word in that sentence.” Abandoned. Chosen. Special. Those concepts became part of who Jobs was and how he regarded himself. His closest friends think that the knowledge that he was given up at birth left some scars. “I think his desire for complete control of whatever he makes derives directly from his personality and the fact that he was abandoned at birth,” said one longtime colleague, Del Yocam. “He wants to control his environment, and he sees the product as an extension of himself.” Greg Calhoun, who became close to Jobs right after college, saw another effect. “Steve talked to me a lot about being abandoned and the pain that caused,” he said. “It made him independent. He followed the beat of a different drummer, and that came from being in a different world than he was born into.” Later in life, when he was the same age his biological father had been when he abandoned him, Jobs would father and abandon a child of his own. (He eventually took responsibility for her.) Chrisann Brennan, the mother of that child, said that being put up for adoption left Jobs “full of broken glass,” and it helps to explain some of his behavior. “He who is abandoned is an abandoner,” she said. Andy Hertzfeld, who worked with Jobs at Apple in the early 1980s, is among the few who remained close to both Brennan and Jobs. “The key question about Steve is why he can’t control himself at times from being so reflexively cruel and harmful to some people,” he said. “That goes back to being abandoned at birth. The real underlying problem was the theme of abandonment in Steve’s life.” Jobs dismissed this. “There’s some notion that because I was abandoned, I worked very hard so I could do well and make my parents wish they had me back, or some such nonsense, but that’s ridiculous,” he insisted. “Knowing I was adopted may have made me feel more independent, but I have never felt abandoned. I’ve always felt special. My parents made me feel special.” He would later bristle whenever anyone referred to Paul and Clara Jobs as his “adoptive” parents or implied that they were not his “real” parents. “They were my parents 1,000%,” he said. When speaking about his biological parents, on the other hand, he was curt: “They were my sperm and egg bank. That’s not harsh, it’s just the way it was, a sperm bank thing, nothing more.” Silicon Valley The childhood that Paul and Clara Jobs created for their new son was, in many ways, a stereotype of the late 1950s. When Steve was two they adopted a girl they named Patty, and three years later they moved to a tract house in the suburbs. The finance company where Paul worked as a repo man, CIT, had transferred him down to its Palo Alto office, but he could not afford to live there, so they landed in a subdivision in Mountain View, a less expensive town just to the south. There Paul tried to pass along his love of mechanics and cars. “Steve, this is your workbench now,” he said as he marked off a section of the table in their garage. Jobs remembered being impressed by his father’s focus on craftsmanship. “I thought my dad’s sense of design was pretty good,” he said, “because he knew how to build anything. If we needed a cabinet, he would build it. When he built our fence, he gave me a hammer so I could work with him.” Fifty years later the fence still surrounds the back and side yards of the house in Mountain View. As Jobs showed it off to me, he caressed the stockade panels and recalled a lesson that his father implanted deeply in him. It was important, his father said, to craft the backs of cabinets and fences properly, even though they were hidden. “He loved doing things right. He even cared about the look of the parts you couldn’t see.” His father continued to refurbish and resell used cars, and he festooned the garage with pictures of his favorites. He would point out the detailing of the design to his son: the lines, the vents, the chrome, the trim of the seats. After work each day, he would change into his dungarees and retreat to the garage, often with Steve tagging along. “I figured I could get him nailed down with a little mechanical ability, but he really wasn’t interested in getting his hands dirty,” Paul later recalled. “He never really cared too much about m189. It requires hard work to give off an appearance of effortlessness. 你必须十分努力，才能看起来毫不费力。190. Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance,you must keep moving. 人生就像骑单车，只有不断前进，才能保持平衡。(爱因斯坦) 191. Be thankful for what you have.You'll end up having more. 拥有一颗感恩的心，最终你会得到更多。192. Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. 美是一种内心的感觉，并反映在你的眼睛里。(索菲亚·罗兰) 193. Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows. 朋友的作用，就是让你快乐加倍，痛苦减半。194. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you. 当你真心渴望某样东西时，整个宇宙都会来帮忙。echanical things.” “I wasn’t that into fixing cars,” Jobs admitted. “But I was eager to hang out with my dad.” Even as he was growing more aware that he had been adopted, he was becoming more attached to his father. One day when he was about eight, he discovered a photograph of his father from his time in the Coast Guard. “He’s in the engine room, and he’s got his shirt off and looks like James Dean. It was one of those Oh wow moments for a kid. Wow, oooh, my parents were actually once very young and really good-looking.” Through cars, his father gave Steve his first exposure to electronics. “My dad did not have a deep understanding of electronics, but he’d encountered it a lot in automobiles and other things he would fix. He showed me the rudiments of electronics, and I got very interested in that.” Even more interesting were the trips to scavenge for parts. “Every weekend, there’d be a junkyard trip. We’d be looking for a generator, a carburetor, all sorts of components.” He remembered watching his father negotiate at the counter. “He was a good bargainer, because he knew better than the guys at the counter what the parts should cost.” This helped fulfill the pledge his parents made when he was adopted. “My college fund came from my dad paying $50 for a Ford Falcon or some other beat-up car that didn’t run, working on it for a few weeks, and selling it for $250—and not telling the IRS.” The Jobses’ house and the others in their neighborhood were built by the real estate developer Joseph Eichler, whose company spawned more than eleven thousand homes in various California subdivisions between 1950 and 1974. Inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright’s vision of simple modern homes for the American “everyman,” Eichler built inexpensive houses that featured floor-to-ceiling glass walls, open floor plans, exposed post-and-beam construction, concrete slab floors, and lots of sliding glass doors. “Eichler did a great thing,” Jobs said on one of our walks around the neighborhood. “His houses were smart and cheap and good. They brought clean design and simple taste to lower-income people. They had awesome little features, like radiant heating in the floors. You put carpet on them, and we had nice toasty floors when we were kids.” His father was calm and gentle, traits that his son later praised more than emulated. He was also resolute. Jobs described one exampl What made the neighborhood different from the thousands of other spindly-tree subdivisions across America was that even the ne’er-do-wells tended to be engineers. “When we moved here, there were apricot and plum orchards on all of these corners,” Jobs recalled. “But it was beginning to boom because of military investment.” He soaked up the history of the valley and developed a yearning to play his own role. Edwin Land of Polaroid later told him about being asked by Eisenhower to help build the U-2 spy plane cameras to see how real the Soviet threat was. The film was dropped in canisters and returned to the NASA Ames Research Center in Sunnyvale, not far from where Jobs lived. “The first computer terminal I ever saw was when my dad brought me to the Ames Center,” he said. “I fell totally in love with it.” Other defense contractors sprouted nearby during the 1950s. The Lockheed Missiles and Space Division, which built submarine-launched ballistic missiles, was founded in 1956 next to the NASA Center; by the time Jobs moved to the area four years later, it employed twenty thousand people. A few hundred yards away, Westinghouse built facilities that produced tubes and electrical transformers for the missile systems. “You had all these military companies on the cutting edge,” he recalled. “It was mysterious and high-tech and made living here very exciting.” In the wake of the defense industries there arose a booming economy based on technology. Its roots stretched back to 1938, when David Packard and his new wife moved into a house in Palo Alto that had a shed where his friend Bill Hewlett was soon ensconced. The house had a garage—an appendage that would prove both useful and iconic in the valley—in which they tinkered around until they had their first product, an audio oscillator. By the 1950s, Hewlett-Packard was a fast-growing company making technical instruments. Fortunately there was a place nearby for entrepreneurs who had outgrown their garages. In a move that would help transform the area into the cradle of the tech revolution, Stanford University’s dean of engineering, Frederick Terman, created a seven-hundred-acre industrial park on university land for private companies that could commercialize the ideas of his students. Its first tenant was Varian Associates, where Clara Jobs worked. “Terman came up with this great idea that did more than anything to cause the tech industry to grow up here,” Jobs said. By the time Jobs was ten, HP had nine thousand employees and was the blue-chip company where every engineer seeking financial stability wanted to work. The most important technology for the region’s growth was, of course, the semiconductor. William Shockley, who had been one of the inventors of the transistor at Bell Labs in New Jersey, moved out to Mountain View and, in 1956, started a company to build transistors using silicon rather than the more expensive germanium that was then commonly used. But Shockley became increasingly erratic and abandoned his silicon transistor project, which led eight of his engineers—most notably Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore—to break away to form Fairchild Semiconductor. That company grew to twelve thousand employees, but it fragmented in 1968, when Noyce lost a power struggle to become CEO. He took Gordon Moore and founded a company that they called Integrated Electronics Corporation, which they soon smartly abbreviated to Intel. Their third employee was Andrew Grove, who later would grow the company by shifting its focus from memory chips to microprocessors. Within a few years there would be more than fifty companies in the area making semiconductors. The exponential growth of this industry was correlated with the phenomenon famously discovered by Moore, who in 1965 drew a graph of the speed of integrated circuits, based on the number of transistors that could be placed on a chip, and showed that it doubled about every two years, a trajectory that could be expected to continue. This was reaffirmed in 1971, when Intel was able to etch a complete central processing unit onto one chip, the Intel 4004, tronic amplifier. “So I raced home, and I told my dad that he was wrong.” “No, it needs an amplifier,” his father assured him. When Steve protested otherwise, his father said he was crazy. “It can’t work without an amplifier. There’s some trick.” “I kept saying no to my dad, telling him he had to see it, and finally he actually walked down with me and saw it. And he said, ‘Well I’ll be a bat out of hell.’” Jobs recalled the incident vividly because it was his first realization that his father did not know everything. Then a more disconcerting discovery began to dawn on him: He was smarter than his parents. He had always admired his father’s competence and savvy. “He was not an educated man, but I had always thought he was pretty damn smart. He didn’t read much, but he could do a lot. Almost everything mechanical, he could figure it out.” Yet the carbon microphone incident, Jobs said, began a jarring process of realizing that he was in fact more clever and quick than his parents. “It was a very big moment that’s burned into my mind. When I realized that I was smarter than my parents, I felt tremendous shame for having thought that. I will never forget that moment.” This discovery, he later told friends, along with the fact that he was adopted, made him feel apart—detached and separate—from both his family and the world. Another layer of awareness occurred soon after. Not only did he discover that he was brighter than his parents, but he discovered that they knew this. Paul and Clara Jobs were loving parents, and they were willing to adapt their lives to suit a son who was very smart—and also willful. They would go to great lengths to accommodate him. And soon Steve discovered this fact as well. “Both my parents got me. They felt a lot of responsibility once they sensed that I was special. They found ways to keep feeding me stuff and putting me in better schools. They were willing to defer to my needs.” So he grew up not only with a sense of having once been abandoned, but also with a sense that he was special. In his own mind, that was more important in the formation of his personality. School Even before Jobs started elementary school, his mother had taught him how to read. This, however, led to some problems once he got to school. “I was kind of bored for the first few years
凌晨时分，一个消息震惊了互联网。
威瑞森通讯公司（Verizon）宣布：将以半价出售其媒体资产，其中包括雅虎、美国在线等一众品牌。
雅虎（Yahoo），曾经世界互联网的绝对霸主！阿里巴巴曾经最大的股东，死了！从千亿帝国到48亿破产贱卖，
卖身后的雅虎改名“Altaba”，被戏称：“阿里他爸”。
Yahoo，最后连品牌名都尸骨无存。
雅虎CEO玛丽莎·梅耶尔：雅虎已死！
雅虎，曾是世界互联网中“神”一般的存在。
也许，对于90后来说，雅虎还很陌生，
但于70后、80后，雅虎曾是“互联网”的代名词。
它是全球第一家提供互联网导航服务的网站，开创了互联网免费模式。2000年～2006年，它一直霸居全球互联网排名第一的宝座。
2006年全球互联网公司TOP20，它独霸3席！雅虎、雅虎日本和雅虎中国分列第1、第7和第14位。美国的Google、Facebook，中国的新浪、搜狐和网易三大门户网无一不是它的追随者和模仿者。
长江后浪推前浪，雅虎死在沙滩上。
它背后那“世界级天才”华人男子，又将何去何从？
01
1968年11月6日，中国台北一个高知家庭诞生了家中的第一个孩子，父母给他取名杨致远，意在“志存高远”。
第二年，母亲又生下了弟弟，一家四口其乐融融。
然而，不幸很快便接踵而至，杨致远2岁时，父亲就去世了。
年轻的母亲根本无暇悲伤，因为还有两个嗷嗷待哺的幼子需要抚养。
母亲毕业于台湾大学外语系，是一名英文及戏剧教授，且为人刚强。
她硬是一边工作，一边将两个年幼的儿子带大。
图源：网络
1978年，当地社会动荡，身为大学教授的母亲为了让孩子能有一个更好的学习环境，决定举家移民美国，投奔杨致远的姨妈。
当10岁的杨致远怯生生地牵着母亲的衣角走过美国的海关，没有人会相信这个瘦弱的华人少年将在十年后改变世界。
孟母三迁的故事，在杨家真实上演。
为了让儿子拥有更好的学习环境，杨母多次搬家，甚至放弃了大学教授的职位，终日奔波在一些成人教育学校帮新移民补习英语为生。
最终，她带着两个儿子定居在美国加利福尼亚州的圣荷西，原因很简单：这里临近硅谷，并且拥有全世界最著名的斯坦福大学。
母亲近乎破釜沉舟的培养，杨致远亦不负众望。
10岁到美国时，他几乎不懂英语，但短短几个月之后，他就成为了所有功课都是A的资优生，更在短短3年之后，完成了“跳级”。
其后，他考入斯坦福大学，仅用4年时间就拿下了电机工程学士和硕士学位，并继续留校博士深造。
读博期间，他在学校图书馆兼职，做图书分类整理工作，并结识了一起做兼职的伙伴大卫-费罗。
上世纪90年代初，网络刚刚兴起，本应忙着写博士论文的杨致远却和费罗整天在网上冲浪。
每天，他们都花数小时泡在网上，然后很快就发现一个问题：网站越来越多，但彼此孤立，互相没有链接，找起信息来特别麻烦。
当时的网络信息杂乱无章：比如想了解足球的相关信息，哪款汽车的性价比高，哪里能吃到最正宗的中餐，都没有有效的方法……
因为27年前，还没有一种叫“搜索引擎”的东西。
当时专题众多、内容丰富的门户网站也还未出现，想查信息、浏览新闻都只能一个一个网站单独浏览，耗时耗力。
图书馆的兼职，启发了杨致远：能不能像整理图书那样，将信息分门别类地放在一个站点上，就像图书馆的目录索引一样，如此一来，用户就可便利地获得信息了。
就这样，两个穿着破洞牛仔裤，光着脚丫的青年在斯坦福大学的校园网上假设了一个名为“雅虎（Yahoo）”的网站。
雅虎之名来自《格列佛游记》，是书中一群没受过教育、没文化野人的名字。
杨致远说：“这个名字很符合我们，在斯坦福不务正业、游手好闲，没有什么水平！”
但这“不干正事”的年轻人，把网站做火了！
他们开创性的网站很快吸引了超过100万的访问量，直接把学校的网络给挤瘫痪了！
1995 年的雅虎
他们也因此被学校赶了出去。
还没完成博士学业的杨致远，干脆辍了学，
Yahoo！网站，横空出世！
02
1994年，27年前。
31岁的张朝阳刚从麻省理工毕业，到处转悠；
31岁的马云刚知道什么叫“互联网”；
24岁的马化腾还在构思企鹅的雏形；
24岁的丁磊正在给一家美国公司打工……
而26岁的杨致远已经创立了雅虎，并带领世界步入了互联网时代，改变了硅谷的创业版图，被称为“网络1.0时代的奠基者”。
由于当时访问雅虎的人越来越多，校方“不堪重负”将他们扫地出门。
杨致远连夜画出了“广告流量变现”的商业模式，直奔硅谷的风投寻求融资。
然后他“大胆到出圈”的创意构想，创造了神话！
这家只有2个人、几台破电脑，没有任何收入的公司，一举获得了红杉资本近200万美元的投资！
有了资本注入，杨致远又进行了新的“改革”：
雅虎又从提供分类目录的网站，转变成一个“信息高速公路”，成千上万的人通过雅虎进入，这里成了一个上网者必经的超级门户。
也正是由此，互联网“门户网站”的时代正式开启！
一批批跟随者和模仿者层出不穷，国内的新浪、网易、搜狐都是模仿雅虎而来。
创立仅1年多后，雅虎就上市了！
上市当天股价暴涨了154%，市值达到8亿美元。
1999年，互联网刚刚起步，雅虎就拥有了1.2亿独立用户，其中1亿用户至少在雅虎的某一频道或特色服务中注册过。
有多少中国网民的第一个邮箱是后缀为@yahoo.com的？当时，雅虎邮箱曾在全球拥有2.43亿用户，这个数字放在现在也非常惊人！
曾经的雅虎邮箱
雅虎成了华尔街宠儿，杨致远也风生水起。
1998年，《福布斯》推出高科技百名富翁，杨致远以10亿美元的财富跃居第16位，成为高科技中的华人首富。
1999年，杨致远和费罗已成为网络媒体的舵手，公司市场价值高达390亿美元，而杨致远的纸面财富达到75亿美元。
2000年1月，雅虎的市值一度超1280亿美元。
面对采访时，他说：“那时，最大的快乐不是金钱，而是你每天都在改变着世界。”
03
雅虎的成功，激励了一代代互联网人。
1998年第二届世界计算机博览会演讲前后，马云找到了杨致远，两人同游长城。
30岁的杨致远和34岁的马云
2005年5月，马云与杨致远相约在美国高尔夫球场，同行的还有很多精英创业者。
球场上，大家忽然要打个赌：UT斯达康中国公司CEO吴鹰和马云比赛打定点，看谁打得远。
只有杨致远一个人赌马云赢。
结果这一杆吴鹰打空，瘦小的马云真的赢了。
那天，加州的风很大很冷。
打完球，杨致远笑着对马云说：“把交易定了吧！”
这笔交易，后来写进了商业教科书：
雅虎将其在中国的全部资产交给阿里巴巴，再给阿里10亿美元，雅虎拥有资产合并后的阿里巴巴董事会一个席位、40%经济效益和35%投票权。
2005年，淘宝刚刚起步，支付宝更是形同婴儿，而雅虎已是世界知名的互联网巨头，所有人都觉得“这笔买卖门不当户不对！”
然而，后来的事实证明：雅虎用10亿美元换取阿里巴巴40%股份的决定，是雅虎最漂亮的一仗！
这笔交易还彻底改变了中国互联网的生态和走向。
阿里巴巴IPO随后就震撼了全球市场，公司股价高达106美元，而雅虎持有的股份，市值720亿美元。
此后，马云多次在公开场合称：“杨致远，是硅谷最会投资的中国人！他比我小4岁，却是我的偶像！”
曾几何时，上雅虎网站几乎成了上网的代名词。
曾有人说，一百年后，如果人们只能记得两个对互联网贡献最大的人，那么这两个人就是是杨致远和他的搭档大卫-费罗。
然而，世事无常，斗转星移。
很快，当年的小弟长成了大爷，而当年的大爷沦为了“孙子”。
04
一个成功的创始人，一定是个好的领袖吗？
曾有幸见过杨致远，和外界传闻的一样，给人的感觉永远是“谦和、儒雅”。
但独独可能缺少了一些锐气。
喜欢放炮的周鸿袆在离开雅虎中国后说：“关于雅虎的失败，可以讲，从CEO到杨致远，用两个字概括就成：傻X。”
他甚至放言：“杨致远是个成功的创始人，但绝对不是一个好的领袖，也绝对不适合CEO的位置。”
雅虎的衰落，杨致远的功过，暂不评说，但有些“错过”回看却是痛心疾首。
1、1997年，错过了Google。
1997年，斯坦福大学的两个学弟，搞了一个叫“BackRub(网络爬虫)”的研究项目，想以100万美元卖给雅虎，被拒之门外。
这就是Google的雏形，如今市值5000亿美元。
2、2006年，错过了Facebook。
2006年，Facebook正值内忧外困。
雅虎报价10亿美元准备收购Facebook，扎克伯格同意了这个交易。
然而，在最后关头，雅虎突然又“变了卦”，把价格砍到了8.5亿美元。
这一番“趁火打劫”+“坐地起价”让扎克伯格倍感羞辱，董事会上，他当众怒撕了雅虎递交的协议书。
数月后，雅虎提出加价收购，被断然拒绝。
回话只有一句：“可以被毁灭，却不能被羞辱！”
今天，Facebook的市值3000亿美元。
3、2008年，错过了微软。
2008年2月1日，微软开出450亿美元高价，溢价60%，希望可以和“雅虎”联姻，从而打破谷歌在搜索和在线广告市场的垄断地位。
而“高冷”的雅虎却认为报价太低，断然拒绝。
同年5月，微软又将报价提高到了500亿美元，雅虎邪魅一笑，再次将其拒之门外……
一次次错失良机，老司机却执迷不悔，
沿着错误的方向，夺命狂奔。
随着规模越来越大，雅虎内部的官僚作风日盛，组织资源大量浪费。
22年，雅虎换了7任CEO，最长的任期6年，最短的只有4个月。
外面的世界日新月异，而雅虎却迷失在管理层摩擦、内耗和无休止的人事跌宕中，左右摇摆。
2012年1月17日，杨致远离开了亲手创立的雅虎，辞去了公司所有职务，仿佛也带走了雅虎最后的一丝“好运”。
同年，有“硅谷女神”之称的玛丽莎·梅耶尔出任雅虎CEO。
玛丽莎·梅耶尔
这位“硅谷女神”先后收购了50多家公司，遍布社交网站、轻博客、视频、游戏、电话会议系统等诸多领域……
然后事实证明，女神的视力好像不太好。
大量公司在被收购后不久便倒闭或关停了业务，雅虎因此被称为“创业公司杀手”。
更致命的是，与此同时，雅虎在专业领域这些年也鲜有建树，以肉眼可见的速度飞快陨落。
2016年7月25日，美国通讯巨头Verizon以48.3亿美元收购了雅虎。
售价，还不足雅虎巅峰时千亿估值的零头，
对雅虎来说，这个结局更像是一场羞辱。
原本可成为Google、Facebook的“爸爸”，或微软的“儿子”，最后却像“孙子”一样被贱卖，沦为互联网浪潮的“弃子”。
然而，残酷的事实还远不止于此，
4年后的今天，雅虎再度被半价贱卖，
这一次，连品牌名都尸骨无存。
雅虎，一代巨头，彻底消失了。
笔者说
今天，在此登录了我的雅虎邮箱，这大概也是我最后一次登录，权做告别。
从不可一世到一文不值，
雅虎用千亿身家写下的教训，说明了什么？
1、不明确定位，是走向末路的开始
里斯和特劳特的《定位》一书中提到观点：企业需要占领消费者心智阶梯中的某一级，才能让消费者做决策时第一个想到你。
过去二十多年，雅虎始终没能找到自己的定位，而这意味着没有明确的核心业务和商业模式，也就失去了核心竞争力。
2、只想当“大哥”，不会做“小弟”，是绝症。
其实上帝一直偏爱雅虎，把很多好机会留给了它，可雅虎却一次次傲娇地把送上门的良机拒之千里。
先是傲慢、轻敌，错过了收购谷歌、Facebook；然后又像是六神无主的慌了魂，没有招法逻辑，但却财大气粗，横冲直撞，不断十亿、几十亿美元去并购……
如果它当初能面对现实，调低目标，放下身段，实事求是，重新定位，不知会比今天划算多少倍。
3、一超多强的局面，不变则汰
雅虎的死亡，从侧面反映出互联网生态在激烈竞争下““不变则汰”的残酷，也应了一句话：唯一不变的就是变化。
过去十几年，是互联网快速前进的年代。无数企业火了，然后又迅速泯灭；无数的人红了，然后又很快被大众遗忘。时代更迭，大众的需求时刻在变，不跟紧，就是亡。
再见杨致远，已是华发丛生。
离开雅虎后，他又辞去了阿里巴巴的所有职务，又创办了一家名为AME Cloud Ventures的公司，进行一些风险投资和高科技项目。
而昔日那“天纵英才”的少年已悄然消逝。
雅虎，倒下了，
柯达、诺基亚、雷诺，也是这样倒下。
不必惋惜，毕竟时代的新浪潮，
总要踩着几块鹅卵石，才能继续向前奔涌。
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