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史无前例!滴滴事件,又爆“大料”...

经财智库 2021-07-26

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别留念昨天了,把握好今天吧。(Will Rogers) 170. If you are not brave enough, no one will back you up. 你不勇敢,没人替你坚强。171. If you don't build your dream, someone will hire you to build theirs. 如果你没有梦想,那么你只能为别人的梦想打工。172. Beauty is all around, if you just open your heart to see. 只要你给自己机会,你会发现你的世界可以很美丽。173. The difference in winning and losing is most often...not quitting. 赢与输的差别通常是--不放弃。(华特·迪士尼) 174. I am ordinary yet unique. 我很平凡,但我独一无二。175. I like people who make me laugh in spite of myself. 我喜欢那些让我笑起来的人,就算是我不想笑的时候。176. Image a new story for your life and start living it. 为你的生命想一个全新剧本,并去倾情出演吧!177. I'd rather be a happy fool than a sad sage. 做个悲伤的智者,不如做个开心的傻子。178. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. 未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。(埃莉诺·罗斯福) 179. Even if you get no applause, you should accept a curtain call gracefully and appreciate your own efforts. 即使没有人为你鼓掌,也要优雅的谢幕,感谢自己的认真付出。180. Don't let dream just be your dream. 别让梦想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 没有笑声的一天是浪费了的一天。(卓别林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧,见的世面多了,你会发现原来在意的那些结根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功关键都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what. 开心一点吧,管它会怎样。185. A good plan today is better than a perfect plan tomorrow. 今天的好计划胜过明天的完美计划。186. Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible'! 一切皆有可能!“不可能”的意思是:“不,可能。”(奥黛丽·赫本) 187. Life isn't fair, but no matter your circumstances, you have to give it your all. 生活是不公平的,不管你的境遇如何,你只能全力以赴。188. No matter how hard it is, just keep going because you only fail when you give up. 无论多么艰难,都要继续前进,因为只有你放弃的那一刻,你才输了。     When Paul Jobs was mustered out of the Coast Guard after World War II, he made a wager with his crewmates. They had arrived in San Francisco, where their ship was decommissioned, and Paul bet that he would find himself a wife within two weeks. He was a taut, tattooed engine mechanic, six feet tall, with a passing resemblance to James Dean. But it wasn’t his looks that got him a date with Clara Hagopian, a sweet-humored daughter of Armenian immigrants. It was the fact that he and his friends had a car, unlike the group she had originally planned to go out with that evening. Ten days later, in March 1946, Paul got engaged to Clara and won his wager. It would turn out to be a happy marriage, one that lasted until death parted them more than forty years later. Paul Reinhold Jobs had been raised on a dairy farm in Germantown, Wisconsin. Even though his father was an alcoholic and sometimes abusive, Paul ended up with a gentle and calm disposition under his leathery exterior. After dropping out of high school, he wandered through the Midwest picking up work as a mechanic until, at age nineteen, he joined the Coast Guard, even though he didn’t know how to swim. He was deployed on the USS General M. C. Meigs and spent much of the war ferrying troops to Italy for General Patton. His talent as a machinist and fireman earned him commendations, but he occasionally found himself in minor trouble and never rose above the rank of seaman. Clara was born in New Jersey, where her parents had landed after fleeing the Turks in Armenia, and they moved to the Mission District of San Francisco when she was a child. She had a secret that she rarely mentioned to anyone: She had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. So when she met Paul Jobs on that first date, she was primed to start a new life. Clara, however, loved San Francisco, and in 1952 she convinced her husband to move back there. They got an apartment in the Sunset District facing the Pacific, just south of Golden Gate Park, and he took a job working for a finance company as a “repo man,” picking the locks of cars whose owners hadn’t paid their loans and repossessing them. He also bought, repaired, and sold some of the cars, making a decent enough living in the process. There was, however, something missing in their lives. They wanted children, but Clara had suffered an ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg was implanted in a fallopian tube rather than the uterus, and she had been unable to have any. So by 1955, after nine years of marriage, they were looking to adopt a child. Like Paul Jobs, Joanne Schieble was from a rural Wisconsin family of German heritage. Her father, Arthur Schieble, had immigrated to the outskirts of Green Bay, where he and his wife owned a mink farm and dabbled successfully in various other businesses, including real estate and photoengraving. He was very strict, especially regarding his daughter’s relationships, and he had strongly disapproved of her first love, an artist who was not a Catholic. Thus it was no surprise that he threatened to cut Joanne off completely when, as a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, she fell in love with Abdulfattah “John” Jandali, a Muslim teaching assistant from Syria. Jandali was the youngest of nine children in a prominent Syrian family. His father owned oil refineries and multiple other businesses, with large holdings in Damascus and Homs, and at one point pretty much controlled the price of wheat in the region. His mothe凝固的熔岩流。火星上常常有猛烈的大风,大风扬起沙尘能形成可以覆盖火星全球的特大型沙尘暴。每次沙尘暴可持续数个星期。火星两极的冰冠和火星大气中含有水份。从火星表面获得的探测数据证明,在远古时期,火星曾经有过液态的水,而且水量特别大。[51] 土星是离太阳第六颗行星,直径120536㎞,体积仅次于木星。主要由氢组成,还有少量的氦与微量元素,内部的核心包括岩石和冰,外围由数层金属氢和气体包裹着。地球距离土星13亿公里。土星的引力比地球强2.5倍,能够牵引太阳系内其它行星,使地球处于一个椭圆轨道中运行,并且与太阳保持适当距离,适宜生命繁衍。当土星轨道倾斜20度将使地球轨道比金星轨道更接近太阳,同时,这将导致火星完全离开太阳系。[52]  土星是已知唯一密度小于水的行星,假如能够将土星放入一个巨大的浴池之中,它将可以漂浮起来。土星有一个巨大的磁气圈和一个狂风肆虐的大气层,赤道附近的风速可达1800千米/时。在环绕土星运行的31颗卫星中间,土卫六是最大的一颗,比水星和月球还大,也是太阳系中唯一拥有浓厚大气层的卫星。[53] 天王星是离太阳第七颗行星,51118km。体积约为地球的65倍,在九大行星中仅次于木星和土星。天王星的大气层中83%是氢,15%为氦,2%为甲烷以及少量的乙炔和碳氢化合物。上层大气层的甲烷吸收红光,使天王星呈现蓝绿色。大气在固定纬度集结成云层,类似于木星和土星在纬线上鲜艳的条状色带。天王星云层的平均温度为零下193摄氏度。质量为8.6810±13×10²⁵kg,相当于地球质量的14.63倍。密度较小,只有1.24克/立方厘米,为海王星密度值的74.7%。[54] 恒星 恒星 海王星是离太阳的第八颗行星,直径49532千米。海王星绕太阳运转的轨道半径为45亿千米,公转一周需要165年。海王星的直径和天王星类似,质量比天王星略大一些。海王星和天王星的主要大气成分都是氢和氦,内部结构也极为相近,所以说海王星与天王星是一对孪生兄弟。[55]  海王星有太阳系最强烈的风,测量到的时速高达2100公里。海王星云顶的温度是-218 °C,是太阳系最冷的地区之一。海王星核心的温度约为7000 °C,可以和太阳的表面比较。海王星在1846年9月23日被发现,是唯一利用数学预测而非有计划的观测发现的行星。[56] 冥王星,位于海王星以外的柯伊伯带内侧,是柯伊伯带中已知的最大天体。[57]  直径约为2370±20km,是地球直径的18.5%。[58]  2006年8月24日,国际天文学联合会大会24日投票决定,不再将传统九大行星之一的冥王星视为行星,而将其列入“矮行星”。大会通过的决议规定,“行星”指的是围绕太阳运转、自身引力足以克服其刚体力而使天体呈圆球状、能够清除其轨道附近其他物体的天体。在太阳系传统的“九大行星”中,只有水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星和海王星符合这些要求。冥王星由于其轨道与海王星的轨道相交,不符合新的行星定义,因此被自动降级为“矮行星”。[59]  冥王星的表面温度大概在-238到-228℃之间。冥王星的成份由70%岩石和30%冰水混合而成的。地表上光亮的部分可能覆盖着一些固体氮以及少量 卫星拍月球经过地球,可见清晰月球背面 卫星拍月球经过地球,可见清晰月球背面 [60] 的固体甲烷和一氧化碳,冥王星表面的黑暗部分可能是一些基本的有机物质或是由宇宙射线引发的光化学反应。冥王星的大气层主要由氮和少量的一氧化碳及甲烷组成。大气极其稀薄,地面压强只有少量微帕。[61] 地球是离太阳第三颗行星,是我们人类的家乡,尽管地球是太阳系中一颗普通的行星,但它在许多方面都是独一无二的。比如,它是太阳系中唯一一颗面积大部分被水覆盖的行星,也是目前所知唯一一颗有生命存在的星球。质量M=5.9742 ×10^24 公斤,表面温度:t = - 30 ~ +45。[62]  英国科研人员在《天体生物学》杂志上报告说,如果没有小行星撞击等可能剧烈改变环境的事件发生,地球适宜人类居住的时间还剩约17.5亿年,不过人为造成的气候变化可能缩短这一时间。[63] 彗星是由灰尘和冰块组成的太阳系中的一类小天体,绕日运动。[64]  科学家使用探测器对彗星的化学遗留物进行分析,发现其主要成份为氨、甲烷、硫化氢、氰化氢和甲醛。科学家得出结论称,彗星的气味闻起来像是臭鸡蛋、马尿、酒精和苦杏仁的气味综合。[65-66] “67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希门克”彗星 “67P/楚留莫夫-格拉希门克”彗星 [67] 在太阳系的周围还包裹着一个庞大的“奥尔特云”。星云内分布着不计其数的冰块、雪团和碎石。其中的某些会受太阳引力影响飞入内太阳系,这学说,在原有的轨道(或称小天体轨道)上又增加了更多的天体运行轨道。这一模式称每颗行星都沿着一个小轨道作圆周运行,而小轨道又沿着该行星的大轨道绕地球作圆周运动。几百年之后,这一模式的漏洞越来越明显。科学家们又在这个模式上增加了许多轨道,行星就这样沿着一道又一道的轨道作圆周运动。哥白尼想用“现代”(16世纪的)技术来改进托勒密的测量结果,以期取消一些小轨道。在长达近20年的时间里,哥白尼不辞辛劳日夜测量行星的位置,但其测量获得的结果仍然与托勒密的天体运行模式没有多少差别。哥白尼想知道在另一个运行着的行星上观察这些行星的运行情况会是什么样的。基于这种设想,哥白尼萌发了一个念头:假如地球在运行中,那么这些行星的运行看上去会是什么情况呢?这一设想在他脑海里变得清晰起来了。一年里,哥白尼在不同的时间、不同的距离从地球上观察行星,每一个行星的情况都不相同,这是他意识到地球不可能位于星星轨道的中心。经过20年的观测,哥白尼发现唯独太阳的周年变化不明显。这意味着地球和太阳的距离始终没有改变。如果地球不是宇宙的中心,那么宇宙的中心就是太阳。的发现才使牛顿有能力确定运动定律和万有引力定律。哥白尼的日心宇宙体系既然是时代的产物,它就不能不受到时代的限制。反对神学的不彻底性,同时表现在哥白尼的某些观点上,他的体系是存在缺陷的。哥白尼所指的宇宙是局限在一个小的范围内的,具体来说,他的宇宙结构就是今天我们所熟知的太阳系,即以太阳为中心的天体系统。宇宙既然有它的中心,就必须有它的边界,哥白尼虽然否定了托勒玫的“九重天”,但他却保留了一层恒星天,尽管他回避了宇宙是否有限这个问题,但实际上他是相信恒星天球是宇宙的“外壳”,他仍然相信天体只能按照所谓完美的圆形轨道运动,所以哥白尼的宇宙体系,仍然包含着不动的中心天体。但是作为近代自然科学的奠基人,哥白尼的历史功绩是伟大的。确认地球不是宇宙的中心,而是行星之一,从而掀起了一场天文学上根本性的革命,是人类探求客观真理道路上的里程碑。哥白尼的伟大成就,不仅铺平了通向近代天文学的道路,而且开创了整个自然界科学向前迈进的新时代。从哥白尼时代起,脱离教会束缚的自然科学和哲学开始获得飞跃的发展。哥白尼的科学成就,是他所处时代的产物,又转过来推动了时代的发展。顺应时代变化 十五、六世纪的欧洲,正是从封建社会向资本主义社会转变的关键时期,在这一二百年间,社会发生了巨大的变化。14世纪ndali soon after. She held out hope, she would later tell family members, sometimes tearing up at the memory, that once they were married, she could get their 别让梦想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 没有笑声的一天是浪费了的一天。(卓别林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧,见的世面多了,你会发现原来在意的那些结根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功关键都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what. 开心一点吧,管它会怎样。baby boy back. Arthur Schieble died in August 1955, after the adoption was finalized. Just after Christmas that year, Joanne and Abdulfattah were married in St. Philip the Apostle Catholic Church in Green Bay. He got his PhD in international politics the next year, and then they had another child, a girl named Mona. After she and Jandali divorced in 1962, Joanne embarked on a dreamy and peripatetic life that her daughter, who grew up to become the acclaimed novelist Mona Simpson, would capture in her book Anywhere but Here. Because Steve’s adoption had been closed, it would be twenty years before they would all find each other. Steve Jobs knew from an early age that he was adopted. “My parents were very open with me about that,” he recalled. He had a vivid memory of sitting on the lawn of his house, when he was six or seven years old, telling the girl who lived across the street. “So does that mean your real parents didn’t want you?” the girl asked. “Lightning bolts went off in my head,” according to Jobs. “I remember running into the house, crying. And my parents said, ‘No, you have to understand.’ They were very serious and looked me straight in the eye. They said, ‘We specifically picked you out.’ Both of my parents said that and repeated it slowly for me. And they put an emphasis on every word in that sentence.” Abandoned. Chosen. Special. Those concepts became part of who Jobs was and how he regarded himself. His closest friends think that the knowledge that he was given up at birth left some scars. “I think his desire for complete control of whatever he makes derives directly from his personality and the fact that he was abandoned at birth,” said one longtime colleague, Del Yocam. “He wants to control his environment, and he sees the product as an extension of himself.” Greg Calhoun, who became close to Jobs right after college, saw another effect. “Steve talked to me a lot about being abandoned and the pain that caused,” he said. “It made him independent. He followed the beat of a different drummer, and that came from being in a different world than he was born into.” Later in life, when he was the same age his biological father had been when he abandoned him, Jobs would father and abandon a child of his own. (He eventually took responsibility for her.) Chrisann Brennan, the mother of that child, said that being put up for adoption left Jobs “full of broken glass,” and it helps to explain some of his behavior. “He who is abandoned is an abandoner,” she said. Andy Hertzfeld, who worked with Jobs at Apple in the early 1980s, is among the few who remained close to both Brennan and Jobs. “The key question about Steve is why he can’t control himself at times from being so reflexively cruel and harmful to some people,” he said. “That goes back to being abandoned at birth. The real underlying problem was the theme of abandonment in Steve’s life.” Jobs dismissed this. “There’s some notion that because I was abandoned, I worked very hard so I could do well and make my parents wish they had me back, or some such nonsense, but that’s ridiculous,” he insisted. “Knowing I was adopted may have made me feel more independent, but I have never felt abandoned. I’ve always felt special. My parents made me feel special.” He would later bristle whenever anyone referred to Paul and Clara Jobs as his “adoptive” parents or implied that they were not his “real” parents. “They were my parents 1,000%,” he said. When speaking about his biological parents, on the other hand, he was curt: “They were my sperm and egg bank. That’s not harsh, it’s just the way it was, a sperm bank thing, nothing more.” Silicon Valley The childhood that Paul and Clara Jobs created for their new son was, in many ways, a stereotype of the late 1950s. When Steve was two they adopted a girl they named Patty, and three years later they moved to a tract house in the suburbs. The finance company where Paul worked as a repo man, CIT, had transferred him down to its Palo Alto office, but he could not afford to live there, so they landed in a subdivision in Mountain View, a less expensive town just to the south. There Paul tried to pass along his love of mechanics and cars. “Steve, this is your workbench now,” he said as he marked off a section of the table in their garage. Jobs remembered being impressed by his father’s focus on craftsmanship. “I thought my dad’s sense of design was pretty good,” he said, “because he knew how to build anything. If we needed a cabinet, he would build it. When he built our fence, he gave me a hammer so I could work with him.” Fifty years later the fence still surrounds the back and side yards of the house in Mountain View. As Jobs showed it off to me, he caressed the stockade panels and recalled a lesson that his father implanted deeply in him. It was important, his father said, to craft the backs of cabinets and fences properly, even though they were hidden. “He loved doing things right. He even cared about the look of the parts you couldn’t see.” His father continued to refurbish and resell used cars, and he festooned the garage with pictures of his favorites. He would point out the detailing of the design to his son: the lines, the vents, the chrome, the trim of the seats. After work each day, he would change into his dungarees and retreat to the garage, often with Steve tagging along. “I figured I could get him nailed down with a little mechanical ability, but he really wasn’t interested in getting his hands dirty,” Paul later recalled. “He never really cared too much about m189. It requires hard work to give off an appearance of effortlessness. 你必须十分努力,才能看起来毫不费力。190. Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance,you must keep moving. 人生就像骑单车,只有不断前进,才能保持平衡。(爱因斯坦) 191. Be thankful for what you have.You'll end up having more. 拥有一颗感恩的心,最终你会得到更多。192. Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. 美是一种内心的感觉,并反映在你的眼睛里。(索菲亚·罗兰) 193. Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows. 朋友的作用,就是让你快乐加倍,痛苦减半。194. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you. 当你真心渴望某样东西时,整个宇宙都会来帮忙。echanical things.” “I wasn’t that into fixing cars,” Jobs admitted. “But I was eager to hang out with my dad.” Even as he was growing more aware that he had been adopted, he was becoming more attached to his father. One day when he was about eight, he discovered a photograph of his father from his time in the Coast Guard. “He’s in the engine room, and he’s got his shirt off and looks like James Dean. It was one of those Oh wow moments for a kid. Wow, oooh, my parents were actually once very young and really good-looking.” Through cars, his father gave Steve his first exposure to electronics. “My dad did not have a deep understanding of electronics, but he’d encountered it a lot in automobiles and other things he would fix. He showed me the rudiments of electronics, and I got very interested in that.” Even more interesting were the trips to scavenge for parts. “Every weekend, there’d be a junkyard trip. We’d be looking for a generator, a carburetor, all sorts of components.” He remembered watching his father negotiate at the counter. “He was a good bargainer, because he knew better than the guys at the counter what the parts should cost.” This helped fulfill the pledge his parents made when he was adopted. “My college fund came from my dad paying $50 for a Ford Falcon or some other beat-up car that didn’t run, working on it for a few weeks, and selling it for $250—and not telling the IRS.” The Jobses’ house and the others in their neighborhood were built by the real estate developer Joseph Eichler, whose company spawned more than eleven thousand homes in various California subdivisions between 1950 and 1974. Inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright’s vision of simple modern homes for the American “everyman,” Eichler built inexpensive houses that featured floor-to-ceiling glass walls, open floor plans, exposed post-and-beam construction, concrete slab floors, and lots of sliding glass doors. “Eichler did a great thing,” Jobs said on one of our walks around the neighborhood. “His houses were smart and cheap and good. They brought clean design and simple taste to lower-income people. They had awesome little features, like radiant heating in the floors. You put carpet on them, and we had nice toasty floors when we were kids.” Jobs said that his appreciation for Eichler homes instilled in him a passion for making nicely designed products for the mass market. “I love it when you can bring really great design and simple capability to something that doesn’t cost much,” he said as he pointed out the clean elegance of the houses. “It was the original vision for Apple. That’s what we tried to do with the first Mac. That’s what we did with the iPod.” Across the street from the Jobs family lived a man who had become successful as a real estate agent. “He wasn’t that bright,” Jobs recalled, “but he seemed to be making a fortune. So my dad thought, ‘I can do that.’ He worked so hard, I remember. He took these night classes, passed the license test, and got into real estate. Then the bottom fell out of the market.” As a result, the family found itself financially strapped for a year or so while Steve was in elementary school. His mother took a job as a bookkeeper for Varian Associates, a company that made scientific instruments, and they took out a second mortgage. One day his fourth-grade teacher asked him, “What is it you don’t understand about the universe?” Jobs replied, “I don’t understand why all of a sudden my dad is so broke.” He was proud that his father never adopted a servile attitude or slick style that may have made him a better salesman. “You had to suck up to people to sell real estate, and he wasn’t good at that and it wasn’t in his nature. I admired him for that.” Paul Jobs went back to being a mechanic. His father was calm and gentle, traits that his son later praised more than emulated. He was also resolute. Jobs described one exampl What made the neighborhood different from the thousands of other spindly-tree subdivisions across America was that even the ne’er-do-wells tended to be engineers. “When we moved here, there were apricot and plum orchards on all of these corners,” Jobs recalled. “But it was beginning to boom because of military investment.” He soaked up the history of the valley and developed a yearning to play his own role. Edwin Land of Polaroid later told him about being asked by Eisenhower to help build the U-2 spy plane cameras to see how real the Soviet threat was. The film was dropped in canisters and returned to the NASA Ames Research Center in Sunnyvale, not far from where Jobs lived. “The first computer terminal I ever saw was when my dad brought me to the Ames Center,” he said. “I fell totally in love with it.” Other defense contractors sprouted nearby during the 1950s. The Lockheed Missiles and Space Division, which built submarine-launched ballistic missiles, was founded in 1956 next to the NASA Center; by the time Jobs moved to the area four years later, it employed twenty thousand people. A few hundred yards away, Westinghouse built facilities that produced tubes and electrical transformers for the missile systems. “You had all these military companies on the cutting edge,” he recalled. “It was mysterious and high-tech and made living here very exciting.” In the wake of the defense industries there arose a booming economy based on technology. Its roots stretched back to 1938, when David Packard and his new wife moved into a house in Palo Alto that had a shed where his friend Bill Hewlett was soon ensconced. The house had a garage—an appendage that would prove both useful and iconic in the valley—in which they tinkered around until they had their first product, an audio oscillator. By the 1950s, Hewlett-Packard was a fast-growing company making technical instruments. Fortunately there was a place nearby for entrepreneurs who had outgrown their garages. In a move that would help transform the area into the cradle of the tech revolution, Stanford University’s dean of engineering, Frederick Terman, created a seven-hundred-acre industrial park on university land for private companies that could commercialize the ideas of his students. Its first tenant was Varian Associates, where Clara Jobs worked. “Terman came up with this great idea that did more than anything to cause the tech industry to grow up here,” Jobs said. By the time Jobs was ten, HP had nine thousand employees and was the blue-chip company where every engineer seeking financial stability wanted to work. The most important technology for the region’s growth was, of course, the semiconductor. William Shockley, who had been one of the inventors of the transistor at Bell Labs in New Jersey, moved out to Mountain View and, in 1956, started a company to build transistors using silicon rather than the more expensive germanium that was then commonly used. But Shockley became increasingly erratic and abandoned his silicon transistor project, which led eight of his engineers—most notably Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore—to break away to form Fairchild Semiconductor. That company grew to twelve thousand employees, but it fragmented in 1968, when Noyce lost a power struggle to become CEO. He took Gordon Moore and founded a company that they called Integrated Electronics Corporation, which they soon smartly abbreviated to Intel. Their third employee was Andrew Grove, who later would grow the company by shifting its focus from memory chips to microprocessors. Within a few years there would be more than fifty companies in the area making semiconductors. The exponential growth of this industry was correlated with the phenomenon famously discovered by Moore, who in 1965 drew a graph of the speed of integrated circuits, based on the number of transistors that could be placed on a chip, and showed that it doubled about every two years, a trajectory that could be expected to continue. This was reaffirmed in 1971, when Intel was able to etch a complete central processing unit onto one chip, the Intel 4004, tronic amplifier. “So I raced home, and I told my dad that he was wrong.” “No, it needs an amplifier,” his father assured him. When Steve protested otherwise, his father said he was crazy. “It can’t work without an amplifier. There’s some trick.” “I kept saying no to my dad, telling him he had to see it, and finally he actually walked down with me and saw it. And he said, ‘Well I’ll be a bat out of hell.’” Jobs recalled the incident vividly because it was his first realization that his father did not know everything. Then a more disconcerting discovery began to dawn on him: He was smarter than his parents. He had always admired his father’s competence and savvy. “He was not an educated man, but I had always thought he was pretty damn smart. He didn’t read much, but he could do a lot. Almost everything mechanical, he could figure it out.” Yet the carbon microphone incident, Jobs said, began a jarring process of realizing that he was in fact more clever and quick than his parents. “It was a very big moment that’s burned into my mind. When I realized that I was smarter than my parents, I felt tremendous shame for having thought that. I will never forget that moment.” This discovery, he later told friends, along with the fact that he was adopted, made him feel apart—detached and separate—from both his family and the world. Another layer of awareness occurred soon after. Not only did he discover that he was brighter than his parents, but he discovered that they knew this. Paul and Clara Jobs were loving parents, and they were willing to adapt their lives to suit a son who was very smart—and also willful. They would go to great lengths to accommodate him. And soon Steve discovered this fact as well. “Both my parents got me. They felt a lot of responsibility once they sensed that I was special. They found ways to keep feeding me stuff and putting me in better schools. They were willing to defer to my needs.” So he grew up not only with a sense of having once been abandoned, but also with a sense that he was special. In his own mind, that was more important in the formation of his personality. School Even before Jobs started elementary school, his mother had taught him how to read. This, however, led to some problems once he got to school. “I was kind of bored for the first few years     

导读:滴滴这次问题越来越严重了。

本周五,七部门进驻滴滴调查。

在历史的长河里,你见过有这么多部门同时进驻一家企业吗

记得当初只有四个部门进驻蚂蚁集团,这次滴滴事件阵容之强大、排面之全方位多样化,这场面我只在历史书里见过。

我们一共有26个部门(国务院组成),这次来的属于啥?属于能来的都来了。

七部门分别是:

网信办、公安部、国安部

这组应该是针对国家信息安全、大数据安全、用户信息安全问题。

尤其是国安部,这是第一次以这种方式出面。

自然资源部、交通运输部

这组可能是针对国家道路基础设施数据安全问题。有人说交通运输部可以理解,而自然资源部又是干啥的?这里科普一下,他是管测绘的,高精度测绘数据属于国家机密,这在地质和工程领域属于常识。

税务总局、市场监督总局

这组针对的是偷税漏税、垄断市场问题。

是否有税务问题,没人知道。

但是网友对滴滴有一点感到很诧异:看上去明明很赚钱,却总是喊亏。

网友测试滴滴,行程结束后乘客方付121.40元,司机方却只收到76.15元,也就是说这差价45元归了柳滴。

车(工具)是别人的,油(耗材)也是别人的,司机(人工)还是别人的,保险也是别人的滴滴却抽成37%,尽管如此还天天喊亏。


大家没有注意到的一个更重要的细节是:周五就入驻,也就是说公务员们要放弃周末休息时间。

这是紧急加班,恰恰证明事态非常严重。


如果能像阿里一样,高举低打,罚个两百亿,滴滴都能激动的痛哭流涕。

以下是正文:

滴滴被团灭,和背后的“柳氏”魅影!

一、6月10日,滴滴向美国证监会提交了上市申请。同一天,中国通过了《中华人民共和国数据安全法》,数据安全成为了最基本的国家安全。美国证监会火速批准了滴滴的上市申请,6月30日,滴滴出行静悄悄地在美国纽约证券交易所上市。任何一家公司上市,都是大张旗鼓,恨不得让全世界知道。而滴滴上市前没有路演,上市没有敲钟,安静地让人感觉害怕。滴滴上市的时间,特意选择在“百年党庆”前一天,所有的媒体都在为第二天的盛典准备,根本无暇顾及。
7月2日,上市第三天,网络安全审查办公室发布对“滴滴出行”启动网络安全审查的公告,并停止了“滴滴出行”新用户注册。一时间,谣言四起,网络上出现了滴滴为了在美国上市,将数据打包给美国的流言。7月3日,滴滴的副总裁李敏在朋友圈回应:看到网上有人恶意造谣说“滴滴在海外上市,把数据打包交给美国”;和众多在海外上市的中国企业一样,滴滴国内用户的数据都存放在国内服务器,绝无可能把数据交给美国。另外,相关恶意造谣者虽然已经主动删贴,但我们坚决起诉维权。李敏话音刚落,7月4日,国家互联网信息办公再下重锤,发布了《关于下架“滴滴出行”App的通报》,公告措辞严厉地表示滴滴出行存在严重违法违规收集使用个人信息的问题美股开盘后,滴滴股价应声而落,暴跌了20%,上市当天买入的美国股民,悉数被套。7月9日深夜,还没缓过神来的滴滴,再次遭到重磅打击。国家互联网信息办公室再次发布《关于下架“滴滴企业版”等25款App的通报》,将滴滴所有运营的App全部下架。滴滴旗下App被团灭,幕后资本折戟沉沙。滴滴的第一大股东是日本软银,持股20%;第二大股东是美国优步,持股持股12%。创始人程维持股7%,总裁柳青持股1.7%。人们这才惊奇地发现,一直被公众认为是中国企业的滴滴,早已被外资掌控。滴滴的总裁柳青,这个曾经带领滴滴在资本圈攻城略地,拿下无数国外资本的奇女子,却至今都保持着沉默。
在一片网友的质疑声中,滴滴背上了“卖国”的骂名,柳青及其所代表的“柳氏”家族,同样没能置身事外。二、1922年,柳谷书在江苏镇江出生。在那个战乱的年代,柳谷书却非常幸运地一直能读书。
1944年,22岁的柳谷书从上海大夏大学毕业,这所大学是华东师范大学的前身。那一年,柳谷书可以说是双喜临门,妻子给他生了一个大胖小子,取名为柳传志。大学毕业三年之后,也就是1947年,柳谷书弃暗投明,正式开始了革命工作。
1956年,34岁的柳谷书正式加入中国共产党,然后一直在中国银行体系内工作。1966年,柳谷书被打为异己,失去了所有工作。直到十年浩劫结束,1978年,56岁的柳谷书方才恢复工作。
那个时候,柳谷书在中国国际贸易促进委员会法律部工作,并且成为了拿002号律师执照的新中国第一代律师。1979年,“国际商标注册条约会议”在瑞士日内瓦召开,柳谷书作为中方代表,以观察员的身份参加。
会议结束后,联合国世界知识产权组织,希望中国加入该组织,但需要中国建立起与国际接轨的专利制度。
回国之后,柳谷书就开始为中国的专利制度四处奔波。

柳谷书那个时候的中国人,知识产权的意识非常差,自身又没有可被保护的知识产权;这个制度如果推出来,更多的是保护国外的品牌。
很多人就不理解,你搞一个制度出来保护外国人利益,这不是“卖国贼”吗?
于是,当时就有不少人,写信到中央,状告柳谷书。得知此事,柳谷书无言以对,只好一笑了之。1984年,在柳谷书和大量的法律工作人员的努力下,《中华人民共和国专利法》正式公布,中国的知识产权问题,终于有法可依。同年,柳谷书在中国贸易促进委员会的委托下,携带80万港币,以62岁的高龄,南下香港,成立了中国专利代理(香港)有限公司。那时IBM刚刚进入中国,深圳一夜之间冒出十几家山寨工厂;IBM成为中国专利代理公司的客户,在柳谷书的努力之下,关停了大量的假冒工厂。迪士尼也在同时期进入中国,广州立马有一家企业,要建设一个“东方迪士尼”。同样在柳谷书的奔走之下,这个项目被叫停了。进入到中国大陆的,还有香港的著名品牌维他奶,大量假冒产品横行,香港维他奶投诉无门。
在柳谷书的努力下,中国专利代理公司帮助维他奶,拿到了商标。帮助外国公司处理商标和产权案,让柳谷书一直陷于“卖国贼”的舆论旋涡之中。
柳谷书和柳传志但他从来都不以为意,自问做事对得起良心,为了自勉,他在办公室挂了一幅对联:仰俯无愧天地,褒贬自有春秋。但他做梦都不会想到,三十年后的今天,他还会因为“维他奶”事件,躺着中枪。而他的子孙,也会在三十年后,依然背负着他当年的骂名。三、1984年,柳谷书南下香港创业的那一年,柳传志跟随中科院计算所所长曾茂朝,拿着20万元经费,创办中国科学院计算技术研究所新技术发展公司。这就是联想的前身,公司刚成立,联想没什么业务,柳传志人脉广,就做一些倒买倒卖的业务,让联想艰难生存。
联想代理很多国外的产品,都是从香港的公司中转而来,香港公司要从中扒掉15%的利润。
于是,柳传志干脆成立了香港联想,北京联想和中国专利代理公司以及香港导远公司,各占三分之一的股份。拉上父亲成立的中国专利代理公司,是为了借用中国贸促会的平台多拿贷款,引入香港导远是为了利用他们海外贸易的经验。1992年底,香港联想先做了一次增资扩股,扩股金额为一亿港元。 中国专利代理公司不参与此次扩股,并且让出30%的股权。 香港导远的吕谭平没有实力参与扩股,他们只拿出了10万港元。但柳传志授意北京联想,借给吕谭平等人4千多万港币,让他们顺利参与了扩股。最终吕谭平等人共计占有了2.08亿股的股权,吕谭平以12.5%的股权,成为第一大个人股东。后来,香港联想上市,股价最高时一度涨到70元/股,吕谭平卖了一些股份,就还掉4千多万,还净赚了数亿。也就是说,吕谭平等人先后只投入了40万港币,就盈利了几个亿。
柳传志1994年,倪光南和柳传志发生了发展路线之争。倪光南主张“技-工-贸”路线,柳传志主张“贸-工-技”路线,两人的矛盾在一次“给倪光南换司机”事件中,彻底爆发。倪光南得知吕谭平借北京联想的钱,空手套白狼后,对柳传志进行实名举报,认为他涉嫌挪用银行贷款,导致国有资产流失。检查组一波一波进驻联想,柳传志接受组织谈话,他给出了一个非常合理的解释:如果当时不帮助吕谭平,他们会出让5%的股权给外资银行,以筹措扩股的资金。董事会进驻外资董事,对公司不利。北京联想借钱给吕谭平,是为了阻止外资进入,保证北京联想成为大股东。最终,组织接受了柳传志的解释,并没有对他进行处罚。10年之后,柳传志就改变了他对外资的态度。2004年,老牌国际电脑巨头IBM,看到个人电脑业务利润微薄,竞争激烈,想要出售此项业务。
找来找去,没有找到合适的交易对手,于是找到了联想。
这对联想来说,既是一个挑战,又是一个机会。
经过一系列复杂的谈判,最终敲定了收购细节。
联想以12.5亿美元的现金,承接IBM 5亿美元的债务,并且出让联想18.9%的股份为代价,收购了IBM个人电脑业务,上演一幕蛇吞大象的收购戏码。
联想收购IBM联想一跃成为全球第三大电脑厂商,但也为此付出了沉重的代价,IBM成为了联想第二大股东,联想集团的总部由北京搬去了美国。
中国人都沉浸在民族企业战胜外资巨头的喜悦之中,这是柳传志的巅峰时刻。
然而,多年之后,人们再回味这笔交易时,当时的自豪感烟消云散。

IBM将日渐式微的电脑业务,让给联想接了盘。联想也从一家纯正的国有企业,变成了一个外资持股的公司。

10年之后,这一幕再次重演。
2014年,联想耗费巨资29亿美元,从谷歌手中,接手了谷歌挑剩下的2000个专利、日落西山的摩托罗拉品牌和3500名人心惶惶的员工。
这一次收购,相比收购IBM的个人电脑业务,简直就是一败涂地。不仅联想自身的手机业务被拖垮,3500名员工更成了一个沉重的包袱。
人们这才发现,联想似乎成了美国巨头企业的接盘侠。
联想不再是民族企业的代名词,取而代之的,是华为。2016年10月,一项关于5G技术标准中长码标准的讨论会中,联想与索尼、夏普、三星众多国外巨头一起,把票投给了高通。
华为在这项标准中败选,而华为的对手中兴,作为中国企业,毅然将票投给了华为。当时这件事并没有引起关注,而是在2年之后,中美贸易战打响、华为受到美国制裁,方才掀起轩然大波。2019年,杨元庆在一次外媒的采访中说道:联想不是一家中国公司,而是一家全球性公司
这句话的前半句,被一些媒体炒作,再一次将联想推上风口浪尖。“卖国贼”的帽子再一次扣在了联想头上,也扣在它曾经的掌门人柳传志头上。显然,联想已经完成了国际化,成为了一家国际化公司。
联想集团不再是一个国有企业,通过股权穿透,中科院只占6.9%的股份。但它仍然有29.04%掌握在“联想控股股份有限公司”手中,中科院正是这家控股公司的最大股东。或许联想就是一部狂奔的战车,它只能一刻也不能停留的奔向国际市场,柳传志的使命,就是将这部战车送出去。
柳传志自从联想收购IBM之后,这个结局就早已注定,联想再也没有办法停下来。尽管它可能伤害了中国人的感情,但这或许就是联想的宿命,也是柳传志的宿命。四、联想在柳传志治下如日中天的时候,柳传志定下了一个规矩:他的子女不能来联想上班,连实习也不允许;如果一定要来,必须取得三个以上高管签字同意。柳传志有一儿一女,儿子柳林,1970年出生;女儿柳青,1978年出生。
柳林曾在联想实习了半年,后来因为柳传志定下的规矩,不得不退出另谋出路。由于柳林在商业上并没有太多建树,媒体关于他的报道并不多。2000年,柳青从北京大学计算系毕业,本想国内找个工作,放眼望去这个专业,能进入的公司,不是联想的客户,就是联想的供应商。为了避嫌,柳青又只好去美国哈佛大学读了一个理学硕士。2002年,24岁的大姑娘柳青硕士毕业后,只身前往美国高盛面试,做上了一名实习生。此后,柳青一如学生时代般地优秀,在高盛像坐上了火箭,一路做到了执行董事。

柳青和柳传志2012年,34岁的柳青已是三个孩子的妈,那一年她从美国回到北京,负责高盛在中国的投资业务。
滴滴成为了柳青看上的项目,代表高盛多次与程维洽谈,但高盛迟迟没有下定投资的决心。
柳青半开玩笑地对程维说:要是高盛不投,我就来给你打工。
说者无心,听者有意。
程维知道柳青来滴滴意味着什么,于是,他像穷小子对女神一样,发动了猛烈的攻势。
柳青在高盛年薪400万美元,程维毫不示弱地说:你来滴滴,滴滴一半的工资都给你,剩下的才给我们所有员工。看柳青犹豫不决,程维真拿出了追女神的看家本领——旅游。2014年7月,程维带着滴滴的高管,约上柳青,一行八人,一路从西宁开到拉萨。当他们开了1700多公里,吸了3000多元氧气,来到喜马拉雅山脚下时,八个人都感动到哭得稀里哗啦。
就这样,柳青被程维征服,加入了滴滴。
柳青和程维当年,柳青就给滴滴拿到了7亿美金的融资,投资方为淡马锡、国际投资集团DST和腾讯。
2015年,在柳青的主导下,滴滴又拿到了20亿美金的融资,破了非上市公司融资新记录。
也正是这一年,柳青的堂妹柳甄,在美国做了十几年律师之后,回到中国,加入了Uber,成为Uber中国区的战略负责人。
柳甄和柳青一样,都是在柳传志的熏陶下成长,自小就是非常优秀的学霸。高中时期就在美国学习,大学在中国人民大学完成,毕业后又前往美国加州伯克利法学院进修。

柳甄此时中国的出行行业,出现了一个非常有趣的格局,被柳氏家族全面渗透。
租车行业的老大神州租车,是柳传志掌握的联想投资完全控股;共享汽车的双巨头滴滴和Uber,在中国的业务,又分别掌握在柳青和柳甄两姐妹手上。2016年,柳青再一次给滴滴带来45亿美元的巨额融资,苹果和蚂蚁金服都在这个时候入股。
滴滴弹药充足,Uber在中国烧掉了20亿美金,仍然看不到打败滴滴的希望。
那一年,在孙正义等大资本的撮合下,Uber中国被滴滴收购,但交换的条件是Uber成为滴滴的大股东。合并之后,滴滴成为了全球最大的共享出行公司,柳甄失去了她的位置,随后离职加入了今日头条。
柳青依然带着滴滴一路狂奔,但在资本的媾和之下,滴滴早已不再是原来的滴滴,滴滴的大股东,也早已成了软银和Uber公司。
或许柳青没有留意到,她正在走着父亲柳传志曾经走过的路,在资本的裹挟之下,根本停不下来。短短几年时间,柳青走完了柳传志二十几年的路,以远快于联想的节奏,将滴滴送入到了外资的怀抱之中。五、普通大众并不知晓滴滴的股权结构,一直天真地以为它依然是一家纯粹的国内企业。直到滴滴上市被安全审查,引起轩然大波,人们用放大镜重新审视滴滴时,才发现它早已不再是想象中的公司。一家外资控股的公司,掌握着中国几亿人的个人信息,每时每刻的出行数据以及中国每一条街道的地图信息,确实是让人后怕的一件事。
为此,柳青与她的父亲,还有她的祖父一样,再次背上了卖国的骂名。
然而,事实的真相并不清楚,滴滴的数据是否有问题尚没有定论,现在下结论也为时过早。
正如柳谷书自勉的对联所说:仰俯无愧天地,褒贬自有春秋。至少从目前来看,柳谷书当年的所作所为,已被今日的中国人所理解。当时他保护了外国公司在中国的利益,但现在也造福了大量的中国企业。中国的知识产权进步和发展,柳谷书固然功不可没。

舆论对于柳传志和柳青的质疑,还是需要时间来检验。

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