白皮书亮剑：必要时不得不打！这三大反制措施，美国能否招架？

屈服、反制、合情合理

用英语怎么说？

过去一年多来，

中美共进行了十一轮高级别经贸磋商。

美方态度反复，多次加征关税，

意图极限施压中国，谋求绝对利益。

中国政府6月2日发表

《关于中美经贸磋商的中方立场》白皮书，

将中方对待磋商的原则立场、

美方的多次出尔反尔(backtracking)，

向国际社会全面阐释澄清。

中国也已经于6月1日，

对原产于美国约600亿美元进口商品

加征最高25%的关税；

另外5月31日，商务部表示

中国将建立“不可靠实体清单”制度。

有关部门也决定对美国联邦快递立案调查。

更有媒体提出打稀土牌。

短短两天，多箭齐发。

中国反制美国的序幕已经拉开！

In a white paper released Sunday morning, Chinese officials showed little indication that they would back down. 

“China will never give in on major issues of principle,” the white paper said. “China isn’t willing to fight a trade war, but it isn’t afraid to fight and will fight if necessary. That attitude has not changed.”

1. China’s tariff hikes on US goods came into force.

New Chinese tariffs of up to 25% have been imposed on $60bn worth of US goods. The tariffs, which came into force on 1 June, are in retaliation for the US doubling tariffs on $200bn of Chinese goods in May.

2. An "unreliable entities" list to combat "unilateralism and trade protectionism"

China's Commerce Ministry said it had decided to blacklist any entities, organisations or individuals who could cause "substantial damage" to Chinese enterprises, as well as any entities that pose a potential threat to China's national security. Other considerations will be violations of market rules or breach of contract. 

3. China has the biggest reserves of rare-earth metals.

Mr. Wang Shouwen told reporters on Sunday that while China “has the biggest reserves of rare-earth metals, and we would like to meet the justified demands,” it would be “unacceptable” for other countries to use the minerals to contain China’ s development.

Such metals are essential to many American technology companies working at the cutting edge of innovation.

△ 可上下滑动看原文，精读版在下方

In a white paper released Sunday morning, Chinese officials showed little indication that（没有一点儿...的迹象） they would back down（退让）. 

“China will never give in（屈服、退让） on major issues of principle,” the white paper said. “China isn’t willing to fight a trade war（打贸易战）, but it isn’t afraid to fight and will fight if necessary. That attitude has not changed.”

△这两句是白皮书里的原话，来看看外媒是怎么翻译的。“对于重大原则问题，中国决不退让。” “对贸易战，中国不愿打，不怕打，必要时不得不打，这个态度一直没变。”

1. China’s tariff hikes（加征关税） on US goods came into force.

New Chinese tariffs of up to 25% have been imposed on $60bn worth of US goods. The tariffs, which came into force（正式生效） on 1 June, are in retaliation for（为了反制...） the US doubling（加倍) tariffs on $200bn of Chinese goods in May.

△up to 表示上限是、最高为...。中国已对美国约600亿美元进口商品清单中的部分商品，分别施加25%、20%、10%的关税。最高税率是25%，因此这里用up to。这次的600亿美元加征关税，是对美国5月10日对2000亿美元中国商品加征25%关税的反制措施。

2. An "unreliable entities" list（不可靠实体清单） to combat "unilateralism and trade protectionism"（单边主义和贸易保护主义）

China's Commerce Ministry said it had decided to blacklist any entities, organisations or individuals who could cause "substantial damage" to（对...造成重大损害） Chinese enterprises, as well as any entities that pose a potential threat to（构成潜在威胁） China's national security. Other considerations will be violations of market rules（不遵守市场规则）or breach of contract. 

△5月31日下午，商务部表示中国将建立”不可靠实体清单”制度。对不遵守市场规则、对国家安全构成潜在威胁、严重损害中国企业正当权益的外国企业、组织和个人，将列入这个清单。

3. China has the biggest reserves（储量) of rare-earth metals.

△中国稀土储量世界第一。稀土被广泛用于航天航空、电子信息、新能源等高端技术领域。重要性可想而知。

Mr. Wang Shouwen told reporters on Sunday that while China “has the biggest reserves of rare-earth metals, and we would like to meet the justified（合理的、正当的） demands,” it would be “unacceptable” for other countries to use the minerals to contain（遏制、打压) China’ s development.

△周日，商务部副部长王受文告诉记者，中国作为稀土资源最丰富的国家，我们愿意满足其他国家正常的稀土需求。但如果有国家利用中国的稀土，再反过来对中国进行打压，那么于情于理都无法接受。这里justified是个很地道的词，表示合情合理、正当的。例如:Our fears were fully justified. 我们害怕也是完全正常的。

Such metals are essential to many American technology companies working at the cutting edge of（在...的最前沿、最尖端） innovation. 

△cutting-edge 作形容词，表示先进的，cutting-edge medecine 先进药物。at the cutting edge of sth.这个词组表示是...的先锋、领头羊，例如：We are at the cutting edge of space technology.我们是航天技术的领头羊。

文章来源：The New York Times, Bloomberg

图片来源于网络

今天的文章，有很多外交用语和生词，难度我打4.5颗星。中美合则两利，斗则俱伤，合作是双方唯一正确的选择！白皮书表示，对于两国经贸分歧和摩擦，中国愿意采取合作的方式加以解决，推动达成互利双赢的协议。但合作是有原则的，磋商是有底线的，在重大原则问题上中国决不让步。这就是中国立场！

△ 可长按图片保存

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