ICU后综合征(PICS)的预防和治疗
ICU后综合征(PICS)的预防和治疗
危重病医学的进步使得危重病生存者人群日益增多。许多生存者出现了认知、健康和身体机能方面的障碍,这被称为ICU后综合征(post-intensive care syndrome, PICS)。
PICS的临床表现包括一系列的认知、精神和躯体征象及症状,其3个方面(认知、精神和躯体)之间都存在复杂的关系,其中一个方面出现障碍通常与另外某个方面新发或恶化的功能障碍相关。
据数据显示,在美国每年入住ICU的570万人次中,大约480万将存活。虽然尚不明确生存者中PICS的确切发生率,但估计其中有≥1/2将会遭受PICS某些方面的困扰,如认知、精神或躯体功能障碍。
一项观察性研究纳入因危重病而在ICU接受过生命支持的生存者,发现其中相当比例新出现了认知损害、抑郁和/或日常生活失能,3个月时的比例为64%,12个月时为56%[1]。
预防PICS有哪些有效策略?
01
ABCDEF集束化干预方案
√ 通过每日打断镇静的使用和逐步脱离呼吸机的方式,实施唤醒和呼吸协同策略 √ 谵妄(Delirium)监测和处理 √ 可行时,在ICU时早期(Early)离床活动 √ 允许家属(Family)参与
02
ICU日志
03
尽早离床活动/理疗
04
认知治疗
05
其他方面
治疗PICS的基本方法
√ 认知障碍可以使用非药物干预联合药物干预进行治疗 √ 焦虑可以使用药物疗法、心理疗法和非药物疗法进行治疗 √ 抑郁通常使用药物疗法联合非药物疗法进行治疗 √ PTSD通常使用药物疗法联合非药物疗法进行治疗 √ 性功能障碍的处理通常为治疗基础疾病(通常是PTSD)、相关的心理健康状况以及药物治疗 √ 营养不良的治疗通常是提供热量(最好经口),但偶尔需要管喂食或胃肠外营养
01
随访
02
ICU后综合征(PICS)门诊
1.Maley JH, Brewster I, Mayoral I, et al. Resilience in survivors of critical illness in the context of the survivors' experience and self-reported neuropsychological andphysical function. Ann Amer Thorac Soc 2016.
2.Pun BT, Balas MC, Barnes-Daly MA, et al. Caring for Critically Ill Patients with the ABCDEF Bundle: Results of the ICU Liberation Collaborative in Over 15,000 Adults. Crit Care Med 2019; 47:3.
3.Garrouste-Orgeas M, Flahault C, Vinatier I, et al. Effect of an ICU Diary on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2019; 322:229.
4.Girard TD, Alhazzani W, Kress JP, et al. An Official American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline: Liberation from Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Ill Adults. Rehabilitation Protocols, Ventilator Liberation Protocols, and Cuff Leak Tests. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:120
5.Fossat G, Baudin F, Courtes L, et al. Effect of In-Bed Leg Cycling and Electrical Stimulation of the Quadriceps on Global Muscle Strength in Critically Ill Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2018; 320:368.
6.Brummel NE, Girard TD, Ely EW, et al. Feasibility and safety of early combined cognitive and physical therapy for critically ill medical and surgical patients: the Activity and Cognitive Therapy in ICU (ACT-ICU) trial. Intensive Care Med 2014; 40:370.
7.Jackson JC, Ely EW, Morey MC, et al. Cognitive and physical rehabilitation of intensive care unit survivors: results of the RETURN randomized controlled pilot investigation. Crit Care Med 2012; 40:1088.
8.Mehlhorn J, Freytag A, Schmidt K, et al. Rehabilitation interventions for postintensive care syndrome: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:1263.
9.Schmidt K, Worrack S, Von Korff M, et al. Effect of a Primary Care Management Intervention on Mental Health-Related Quality of Life Among Survivors of Sepsis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2016; 315:2703.
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