经济学人｜携手共建中国“墙”
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导读
十多年前，随着街头嘻哈文化（HIP-HOP）热潮的涌入，作为街头文化的一部分，涂鸦开始出现在中国的北京、上海、广州这样的大城市里。那时候的涂鸦，是令城市管理者头疼的“小广告”，而随着城市的发展，涂鸦也逐渐艺术化和商业化，它不仅见证着中国城市的变迁，也在成为城市建筑中一道新风景。走在一些城市的街头，你会发现，身边多了不少涂鸦，墙面、井盖、箱子……涂鸦族们在城市里寻找各种“画布”来作画，城市变得越来越可爱了
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听力|精读|翻译|词组
Chinese officials help to cultivate a local graffiti scene
（本篇文章节选自2021-11-20期经济学人China板块,完整版获取方式看末尾）
In the mid-1990s outlines of bulbous heads, spray-painted with a single swipe, began to appear on Beijing’s walls. Next to them was written “ak-47”. This tag, as graffitied signatures are known, belonged to Zhang Dali, an art student who had spent time in Italy and discovered graffiti culture there. On his return to China, swathes of its cities were being razed to make way for development. Workers were daubing the character chai, meaning “demolish”, on buildings due to be torn down. Mr Zhang took his cans to the same walls in protest at this often brutal upheaval.
上世纪90年代中期，北京的墙上开始出现用刷子喷绘的圆形头部轮廓。紧挨着的是一个写着“ak47；的标签。这些标签称为涂鸦签名，他们属于张大力。张大力是在意大一个艺术生，并在那里发现了涂鸦文化。等他回国后，中国经济建设腾飞，大片城市被夷为平地，工人们在将要拆除的房子上涂写“拆”字。张先生带着他的油漆罐来到同样的墙壁上，抗议这种残酷的剧变。
spray-painted：喷漆；喷绘
graffiti：涂鸦
signature：签字；签名
Mr Zhang is widely regarded as China’s first modern graffiti artist. More recent ones are influenced by skateboarding culture or rap music. The art form is still in its infancy in China—it is far less commonly seen than in the West. But Liu Yuansheng, co-author of “Beijing Graffiti”, published in 2020, reckons the number of practitioners in the capital has at times swelled to 200.
张大力被普遍认为是中国第一位现代涂鸦艺术家。最近，受滑板文化喝说唱音乐的影响。这种涂鸦艺术正在中国起步。——远不如在西方常见。但据(2020年出版)《北京涂鸦》的合著者刘元生估计，北京的涂鸦者人数有时会扩张到到200人。
Local governments sometimes even sponsor street art, regarding it as a sign of modernisation. In the run-up to the Olympic games that were held in Beijing in 2008, officials in the capital encouraged artists to paint a 300-metre-long “graffiti wall”. Designs were vetted first. A street in the south-western city of Chongqing is home to one of the world’s largest graffiti projects (pictured). It was created, with official approval, by 800 painters. This year Wuhan paid local crews to draw graffiti on a tram and several public buses.
政府有时甚至赞助这种街头艺术，将其视为现代化的标志。在2008年北京奥运会的筹备过程中，官员鼓励艺术家们画一道300米长的“涂鸦墙”。设计首先经过审查。世界上最大的涂鸦项目之一就在西南城市重庆的一条街上(见图)。这幅画得到了800名画家的正式认可。今年，武汉花钱请当地工作人员在一辆有轨电车和几辆公交车上涂鸦。
There are others, however, who barely qualify as artists who scribble on walls. A Chinese citizen in Sydney, who goes by the name Lil Quacky, collects graffiti in an Instagram account called “chinesegraffitihub” (the app is blocked in China). Quacky began the project last year after noticing that someone had rewritten a roadside slogan in China that had urged people to carry away their rubbish. It had been changed to “Carry away your love.” Most graffiti submitted to Quacky consists of untidy spray-painted sentences. “Are they enough to shock passers-by, to make them think, to make them stay for a while?” are Quacky’s criteria for posting them online. Hundreds of examples have passed the test
然而，也有一些人几乎没有资格成为涂鸦艺术家。在悉尼，一位名叫Lil Quacky的中国人在一个名为“chinesegraffitihub”的Ins账户上收集涂鸦。去年，Quacky注意到有人改写了中国路边的标语，呼吁人们把垃圾带走，于是他开始了这个项目。它已经被改成了“带走你的爱”。大多数提交给Quacky的涂鸦都是凌乱的喷漆句子。“它们足以使过路的人震惊，使他们思考，使他们停留一会儿吗?是Quacky在网上发布这些照片。数百个通过了测试
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