欧米科普·蛋白质组 | 迷人的蛋白质组学世界

尽职的蛋白质-

迷人的蛋白质组学世界

Proteins at work-

the fascinating world of proteomics

蛋白质组学脱胎于基因组学的发展，以及对含人类在内的大量物种基因组的测序和定位。

Proteomics has evolved from genomics and the successful sequencing and mapping of the genomes of a wide variety of organisms, including humans.

一个小小的细胞中，

就含有约100亿个蛋白质及其相互作用网络

基因组学研究使用到多种试剂、工具和技术来对DNA进行高通量测序，并对数据进行贮存和生物注释。这一复杂流程主要着眼于细胞核内DNA分子的信息。因此，每种生物只体现一个基因组。
Genomics involves reagents, tools and technologies for the high throughput sequencing of DNA and the subsequent storage and annotation of the data. This process is complex and focuses on the information of one target molecule, DNA, in the nucleus of cells. Consequently, there is one genome for each organism.

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一个细胞中蛋白质相互作用网络的复杂程度

堪比当今地球上人类的关系网。

相比之下，蛋白质组学关注构成细胞的蛋白质分子，对它们进行鉴定、定位和功能分析。细胞中存在的蛋白质种类、功能、亚细胞位置甚至结构都会因生物体不同以及年龄、细胞周期节点、内/外部信号传导等条件的影响而存在巨大差异。
In contrast, proteomics focuses on the identification,  localization, and functional analysis of the protein make-up of the cell. The proteins present in a cell, together with their function, sub-cellular location, and perhaps even structure, change dramatically with the organism, and the conditions faced by their host cells including age, checkpoint in the cell cycle, and external or internal signaling events.

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一个细胞内所有蛋白质的集合

称为蛋白质组

因此，每种生物都呈现出大量不同的蛋白质组。从人类蛋白质组获取的测序和定位数据，其规模和复杂程度估计可达人类基因组计划数据的三倍以上。对这些庞大的数据集进行获取、分析和解释，有赖于一系列高集成、高通量技术，完成从实验设计到获取生物信息的过程。
Thus, there are many proteomes for each organism and consequently, the quantity and complexity of the data derived from the sequencing and mapping of the human proteome are estimated to be at least three times greater than that involved in the human genome project. Acquiring, analyzing, and interpreting these vast data sets requires a series of well-integrated, high-throughput  technologies to lead the  researcher from experimental design to biological insight.

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为了检测和鉴别不同种类的蛋白质，

人们使用质谱技术测定它们的特征“指纹”图谱

由于大多数的疾病都呈现出显著变化的蛋白质活性水平，蛋白质组学研究显得至关重要。蛋白质组学致力于在特定蛋白质、蛋白质复合物及其修饰的演变与疾病的特定阶段建立直接的联系。这些研究结果将为新药的商品化提供捷径，并加速实现对用于疾病诊疗的新药靶标的鉴定。

The field of proteomics is particularly important because most diseases are manifested at the level of protein activity. Consequently, proteomics seeks to correlate directly the  involvement of specific proteins, protein complexes and their modification status in a given disease state. Such knowledge will provide a fast track to commercialization and will speed up the identification of new drug targets that can be used to diagnose and treat diseases.

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中英文字幕来源：西湖欧米

人们使用质谱技术测定它们的特征“指纹”图谱

该视频简要介绍了蛋白质组学研究的迷人世界，即对构成生命基础的所有蛋白质的研究。由乌得勒支大学和荷兰蛋白质组学中心的Albert Heck教授的实验室制作。
This video provides a glimpse at the fascinating world of proteomics research, the study of all proteins that form the basis for life. Produced for the lab of Prof. Dr. Albert Heck at Utrecht University and the Netherlands Proteomics Centre.

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编译 | 杨朦、梁潇

鸣谢 | 王冠博（Albert Heck教授团队）