论文快递: 第二百零三期
编者按
Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！
本期为“论文快递”栏目的第二百零三期，将介绍 Urban Studies Online First的两篇和Current Issue的三篇论文。主题包括城市乌托邦主义，城市垂直性，城市去增长与公共住房，城市去工业化与从属去增长，城市去增长与规划议程，欢迎阅读。
01
Rethinking urban utopianism: The fallacy of social mix in the 15-minute city
反思城市乌托邦主义：15分钟城市中的社会融合谬论
AbstractThe concept of urban living is evolving, and there is a growing interest in creating smaller, more connected, and hyperlocal neighbourhoods, where everything people need is within a 15-minute walk or bike ride. This paper challenges the concept of the ‘15-minute city’ as a panacea for urban ills, by exploring the history of utopian urban planning and regeneration aimed at creating sustainable, inclusive and vibrant communities by desegregating disadvantaged groups. Specifically, we examine social mixing policies, which are recurring top-down interventions that pathologise concentrated urban disadvantage. We trace the evolution of these policies in Europe from the Garden City movement to post-war social housing redevelopment to the current 15-minute city, which we consider to be social mix by stealth. While such policies can reduce the degree of concentrated disadvantage in the short term, they tend to be ineffective in the long term, as deprived neighbourhoods often remain so despite attempts to make them more diverse. The paper argues that the 15-minute city would be implemented through de facto social mix actions at the neighbourhood level, which are insufficient to address the deeper structural issues that perpetuate spatial inequality and deprivation. We propose that longitudinal and comparative analyses, combined with ‘right to the city’ perspectives, should be considered in future research and policymaking to understand – and more importantly address – why urban renewal initiatives that aim for equitable outcomes at the neighbourhood scale ultimately fail to deliver.
城市生活的概念不断发展，人们越来越热衷于创造更小、连接更紧密的和超本地化的街区，在这样的街区内，人们只需要步行或骑车不超过十五分钟，就可以得到所需要的一切。本文通过探讨乌托邦式的城市规划和复兴的历史，对 "十五分钟城市 "作为解决城市弊病的灵丹妙药的概念提出了质疑，旨在通过消除对弱势群体的隔离来创造可持续的、包容的、充满活力的社区。具体来说，我们考察了社会融合政策，这些政策是反复出现的自上而下的干预措施，它们将集中的城市底层人口病态化。我们追溯这些政策在欧洲的演变，从花园城市运动到战后的社会住房重建，再到现在的十五分钟城市，我们认为这是一种隐性的社会融合。虽然这些政策可以在短期内减少底层人口集中的程度，但从长远来看，它们往往是无效的，因为尽管人们试图使其更加多样化，但贫困的街区往往依旧贫困。本文认为，十五分钟城市将通过街区层面的事实上的社会融合行动来实施，这不足以解决使空间不平等和贫困长期存在的更深层次的结构性问题。我们建议，在未来的研究和决策中应考虑纵向和比较分析，结合 "城市权利 "的观点，以了解--更重要的是解决--为什么旨在实现街区范围内公平结果的城市更新举措最终未能实现。
15-minute city, right to the city, social mix, spatial inequality, urban utopianism
原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231169174
02
Verticalities in comparison: Debates on high-rise construction in Izmir and Istanbul
垂直性比较：关于伊兹密尔和伊斯坦布尔高层建筑的辩论
Abstract
Large-scale high-rise architecture projects have been central to the rise of the construction industry in Turkey in recent years. This vertical escalation, however, has not been received without dissidence. Scholars, activists, journalists and officials with different viewpoints have participated in media debates regarding the reasons and consequences of this transformation. In these discussions, stakeholders have raised various environmental, cultural and ethical concerns that the vertical organisation of cities generate. Focussing on juxtapositions of Izmir and Istanbul in debates on urban verticality in the city of Izmir, Turkey’s third most populated city, the paper examines how such comparisons with Istanbul, where the recent urban neoliberal transformation is experienced most intensely, have been mobilised to oppose vertical expansion. The paper argues that as a result of the recent centralisation of the Turkish economy around construction, the hyper-visibility of skyscrapers and the concentration of the urban transformation generated by the Turkish construction industry in Istanbul, skyscrapers have become materialised symbols of Istanbul’s integration into global capitalism, neoliberal urbanisation, and the difference between Istanbul and other urban centres in Turkey. This example establishes urban verticality as a discursive axis at which urban centres outside of the Global North establish their difference from each other.
Keywords
difference, Global South, Istanbul, Izmir, locality, skyscrapers, vertical expansion
差异, 发展中国家, 伊斯坦布尔, 伊兹密尔, 地方, 摩天大楼, 垂直扩张
03
Maintaining autonomy: Urban degrowth and the commoning of housing
保持自治：城市去增长与住房的公共化
AbstractThe theory – and practice – of establishing autonomy from the hegemony of growth is central to the imaginary of degrowth. Yet to envisage pathways towards a degrowth society, scholars need to explain how autonomy coalesces into autonomous institutions. This article addresses this institutional challenge of how to secure autonomy in the provision of collective, affordable and decommodified housing in cities. Building on the tradition of autonomist and (post-)workerist thought, it conceptualises this challenge as one of maintenance. It argues that autonomy occurs through its perpetual reproduction, which is made possible by nesting and federating practices among autonomous communities. Nesting and federating practices allow these communities to avoid becoming enclaves and co-optation by market logics. The article illustrates these arguments through reference to the struggles of de Nieuwe Meent, a recent housing commoning project in Amsterdam.
摘要
从增长霸权中建立自治的理论和实践是去增长的核心。然而，为了设想走向去增长社会的道路，学者们需要研究自治如何结合成自治机构。本文探讨了如何确保城市自主提供集体的、负担得起和非商品住房这一体制挑战。基于自主主义和（后）工作主义思想的传统，它将这一挑战概念化。它认为自治是通过其永久性的再生产实现的，而这是通过自治社区之间的嵌套和联合实践实现的。筑巢和联合实践使这些社区避免成为飞地和市场逻辑的共同选择。本文通过引用de Nieuwe Meent所开展的斗争来说明这些论点，这是阿姆斯特丹最近的一个公共住房项目。
Keywords autonomy, co-housing, collective institutions, housing commons, radical housing
关键词
自治, 共同住房, 集体机构, 激进住房
04
Deindustrialisation and the politics of subordinate degrowth: The case of Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina
去工业化与从属去增长的政治——以阿根廷大布宜诺斯艾利斯为例
Seth Schindler（英国曼彻斯特大学）
J Miguel Kanai（英国谢菲尔德大学）
Javier Diaz Bay（阿根廷卢扬国立大学）
首次出版时间：2023/1/15｜研究论文
Abstract
Cities in low- and middle-income countries have experienced deindustrialisation as localised agglomerations that historically served domestic and regional markets have become exposed to highly productive global value chains as capital has been (re)allocated to primary sectors. State, corporate and social actors have responded to economic decline by embracing a range of coping and adaptation strategies, some of which are consistent with degrowth, but they are often combined with business-as-usual initiatives in pursuit of economic growth. We refer to this as subordinate degrowth because localised responses are conditioned by the subordinate position of countries and cities in the global economy. While we acknowledge its divergence from ‘pure’ ideal-type degrowth, we do not dismiss the transformative potential of incremental change. Indeed, we argue that any realistic strategy to spatialise degrowth within cities must recognise the indeterminacy and messiness of urban politics. We employ subordinate degrowth as an analytic to interpret responses to deindustrialisation and economic decline in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Our analysis attends to three meso-level blind spots that characterise much degrowth scholarship, between (1) particular and universal, (2) advanced-industrial and agrarian ideal-types and (3) past/current socio-technical regimes and ‘pure’ degrowth.
摘要
低收入和中等收入国家的城市经历了去工业化，成为历史上服务于国内和区域市场的本地化集聚地，并且随着资本被（重新）分配到初级部门而暴露于高生产率的全球价值链。国家、企业和社会行为者通过采取一系列应对策略和适应策略来应对经济衰退，其中一些与去增长相一致，但它们通常与追求经济增长的老一套举措相结合。我们将其称为从属去增长，因为本地化反应取决于国家和城市在全球经济中的从属地位。虽然我们承认它与“纯粹的”理想型去增长存在差异，但我们并没有忽视渐进式变革的变革潜力。事实上，我们认为，任何在城市内实现去增长的现实战略都必须承认城市政治的不确定性和混乱性。我们采用从属去增长作为分析手段，来解释阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯对去工业化和经济衰退的反应。我们的分析涉及三个中观层面的盲点，这些盲点是许多去增长学术研究的重点，它们是：（1）特殊和普遍，（2）先进工业和农业理想类型以及（3）过去/当前的社会技术制度和“纯粹”去增长。KeywordsBuenos Aires, degrowth, deindustrialisation, financialisation, urban politics
关键词
布宜诺斯艾利斯, 去增长, 去工业化, 金融化, 城市政治
05
Urbanizing degrowth: Five steps towards a Radical Spatial Degrowth Agenda for planning in the face of climate emergency
城市化去增长：在气候紧急情况下制定激进的空间去增长规划议程的五个步骤
AbstractWe call for coupling degrowth with urban studies and planning agendas as an academically salient and politically urgent endeavour. Our aim is threefold: to explore ways for ‘operationalising’ degrowth concepts into urban and regional everyday spatial practices; to sketch pathways for taking degrowth conceptually and methodologically beyond localised experiments and inform larger scale planning practices and international agendas; and to critically assess the multiple ways in which such a radical urban degrowth agenda will have to differ in the Global North and in the Global South. We outline five steps for such a programmatic, yet paradigmatic, urban degrowth agenda. These are: (1) grounding current degrowth debates within their historical–geographical context; (2) engaging (planning) institutions in linking degrowth practices to urbanisation policies; (3) examining how urban insurgent degrowth alliances can be scaled up without co-optation; (4) focusing on the role of experts and professionals in bringing degrowth principles into everyday urban practice; and (5) prefiguring how degrowth agendas can confront the diverse and unequal urban social relations and uneven outcomes in the Global North and South.
摘要
我们呼吁将去增长与城市研究和规划议程结合起来，这是一项学术上十分重要，政治上十分紧迫的工作。我们的目标有三个：探索将去增长概念应用到城市和区域日常空间实践中的方法；勾勒出在概念上和方法上超越本地化实验的去增长路径，并为更大规模的规划实践和国际议程提供参考；以及批判性地评估这种激进的城市去增长议程在发达国家和发展中国家所需的多个方面的差异。对于这样一个有计划、却又典型化的城市去增长议程，我们概述了其五个步骤。这五个步骤是：(1) 将当前的去增长辩论置于其历史地理背景下；(2) 让（规划）机构参与将去增长实践与城市化政策联系起来的过程；(3) 考查如何在不妥协的前提下扩大城市去增长反抗联盟；(4) 关注在将去增长原则应用于日常城市实践的过程中专家和专业人士的作用；(5) 预想在全球北方和全球南方，去增长议程如何面对各种不平等的城市社会关系以及不平等的结果。
degrowth, imaginaries, planning, postgrowth, urban political ecology
去增长, 想象, 规划, 后增长, 城市政治生态学
扫码关注我们
微信号｜USJ_online
Urban Studies期刊官方微信公众号