论文快递: 第二百零七期
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Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇，每年发表16期，共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大，文章从接收到正式出版周期较长，因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文，方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态，敬请关注！
本期为“论文快递”栏目的第二百零七期，将介绍 Urban Studies Online First的三篇和Current Issue的两篇论文。主题包括零售空间的重新利用，补充货币，城市密集化政治，城市公共卫生突发事件和社会及空间不平等，人口密度和新冠肺炎扩散，欢迎阅读。
01
Repurposing retail space: Exploring stakeholder relationships
重新利用零售空间：探讨利益相关者的关系
AbstractThe retail sector is experiencing unprecedented change, from ongoing shifts in shopping behaviour to retailer rationalisation and business failure. Internationally, this is impacting the crucial economic and social role of many highly developed city centres. This paper examines how key stakeholders have responded to the challenges of adapting city centres for the future. Empirically, the paper draws on a series of repurposing schemes across five case study cities. Conceptually, theories of assemblage are used as an analytical framework to understand how heterogeneous networks combine to repurpose city centres. The paper makes a distinctive contribution by revealing symbiosis between mixed uses that challenge traditional high street norms, and suggests that harnessing common desires could underpin productive shared governance and support business communities’ efforts to bring vibrancy and enhance resilience.
零售业正经历前所未有的变革，从购物方式的不断转变到零售商的合理化和业务失败。国际范围内，这正影响着许多高度发达的城市中心的关键经济和社会角色。本文探究了主要利益相关者对未来调整城市中心的挑战所作的回应。在实证上，本文引用了五个案例城市的一系列重新利用方案。在概念上，本文采用装配理论作为分析框架，以了解如何将异构网络综合起来重新利用城市中心。本文通过揭示挑战传统商业街规范的混合用途之间的共生关系，做出了独特的贡献，并提出了通过共同的愿景来支撑富有成效的共享治理，以及支持商业社区的各项举措以营造活力和增强韧性的建议。
assemblage, cities, relationships, repurposing, resilience
原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231178776
02
The local multiplier of income support paid in a complementary currency: Comparative evaluation in the city of Barcelona
以补充货币提供收入扶持的地方乘数：巴塞罗那的比较评估
首次出版时间：2023/6/15｜研究论文
Abstract
Complementary currencies have been promoted by ‘new-municipalism’ progressive movements to stimulate the local economy. Public administrations may engage in issuing complementary currencies or support them by realising expenditure and accepting them in payment. To assess and motivate the involvement of policymakers, measures to evaluate the multiplicative local impact of complementary currency programmes are required. The present research demonstrates a comparative procedure to analyse the local multiplier of income support payments provided by the City Council of Barcelona in euro and in a complementary currency, the REC. The results obtained show that the local impact of public income support can be enhanced when it is paid in a complementary currency and identify factors that mediate this effect.
为刺激地方经济，“新自治”进步运动一直在推广补充货币。公共管理部门可参与发行补充货币，或通过用补充货币收付费的方式来支持补充货币。为了评估和激励政策制定者的参与，需要采取措施来评估补充货币方案对当地的倍增影响。本研究通过一个比较过程分析了巴塞罗那市议会以欧元和补充货币 REC 提供的收入扶持金的地方乘数。得出的结果表明，当以补充货币支付时，公共收入扶持对当地的影响会增强，并确定了调节这种影响的因素。
Keywords
complementary currencies, LM3, local multiplier, public income support
关键词
补充货币、LM3、地方乘数、公共收入扶持
03
The politics of urban densification in Oslo
奥斯陆的城市密集化政治
AbstractUrban density is central to pressing questions concerning low-carbon lifestyles, affordable housing and global land use patterns. However, for many densifying cities, problems of inequality, climate emissions and social sustainability often remain unsolved or exaggerated. Adopting a relational perspective, this paper explores the politics of urban densification in Oslo, Norway. Arguing that urban density is assembled as particular political projects, the paper seeks to understand the achievements urban densification projects bring together, from housing policy to environmental policy, property schemes and financial strategies. Based on a qualitative study of urban densification strategies and projects in Oslo, the paper develops a typology of hegemonic and counterhegemonic urban density discourses and contributes to a discussion of how economically, socially and environmentally different kinds of urban densities may be assembled.
摘要
城市密度是低碳生活方式、可负担住房和全球土地使用模式等迫切问题的核心。然而对于许多密集化的城市来说，不平等、气候排放和社会可持续性等问题往往仍未解决或被夸大。本文采用关系视角，探讨了挪威奥斯陆城市密集化的政治。本文认为，城市密度是在特定政治项目下形成的。本文试图理解城市密集化项目所带来的成就，包括住房政策、环境政策、物业方案和金融策略。基于对奥斯陆城市密集化战略和项目的定性研究，本文发展了一种霸权和反霸权的城市密度话语类型，并有助于讨论如何在经济、社会和环境方面组建不同类型的城市密度。
Keywords compact urbanism, neoliberalism, Oslo, urban density, urban sustainability
关键词
紧凑型城市化、新自由主义、 奥斯陆、城市密度、城市可持续性
04
Urban public health emergencies and the COVID-19 pandemic. Part 1: Social and spatial inequalities in the COVID-city
城市公共卫生突发事件和新冠肺炎疫情。第一部分：新冠城市的社会和空间不平等问题
Scott Orford（英国卡迪夫大学）
Yingling Fan（美国明尼苏达大学）
Philip Hubbard（英国伦敦大学国王学院）
首次出版时间：2023/5/31｜研究论文
Abstract
COVID-19 has had unprecedented impacts on urban life on a global scale, representing the worst pandemic in living memory. In this introduction to the first of two parts of a Special Issue on urban public health emergencies, we suggest that the COVID-19 outbreak, and associated attempts to manage the pandemic, reproduced and ultimately exacerbated the social and spatial divides that striate the contemporary city. Here, we draw on evidence from the papers in Part 1 of the Special Issue to summarise the uneven urban geographies of COVID-19 evident at the inter- and intra-urban level, emphasising the particular vulnerabilities and risks borne by racialised workers who found it difficult to practise social distancing in either their home or working life. Considering the interplay of environmental, social and biological factors that conspired to create hotspots of COVID-19 infection, and the way these are connected to the racialised capitalism that underpins contemporary urban development, this introduction suggests that reflection on public health emergencies in the city is not just essential from a policy perspective but helps enrich theoretical debates on the nature of contemporary urbanisation in its ‘planetary’ guise.
摘要
新冠肺炎疫情在全球范围内对城市生活产生了前所未有的影响，是人们记忆中最严重的大流行病。关于城市公共卫生突发事件的特刊包括两部分，本文介绍了其中的第一部分，我们认为新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，以及管理该大流行病的相关尝试，再现并最终加剧了困扰当代城市的社会和空间隔阂。在此，我们利用特刊第一部分的论文提供的证据，总结了在不同城市和城市内的不同区域，新冠肺炎疫情明显表现出的城市地理区域之间的不平衡，强调了在家庭或工作生活中很难保持社交距离的种族化工人所承受的特殊脆弱性和风险。环境、社会和生物因素的相互作用共同导致了新冠肺炎疫情集中爆发，考虑到这些因素的相互作用，以及这些因素与支撑当代城市发展的种族化资本主义的连接方式，本文表明，对城市中的公共卫生紧急情况的反思从政策角度来看不仅是必要的，还有助于丰富关于当代城市化的本质的理论辩论，而当代城市化往往打着"全球化"的幌子。
KeywordsCOVID-19, pandemic, social inequalities, spatial inequalities, world city
关键词
新冠肺炎疫情、大流行病、社会不平等、空间不平等、世界城市
05
Population density and SARS-CoV-2 pandemic:Comparing the geography of different waves in the Netherlands
人口密度和新冠肺炎疫情：比较荷兰不同阶段的地理分布
AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has boosted public and scholarly debate about the relationship between infectious disease and the urban. Cities are considered contagious because they are hubs in (inter)national networks and contain high densities of people. However, the role of the urban and population density in the spread of pathogens is complex and is mediated by the wider bio- social environment. This paper analyses the role of population density in the outbreak of COVID-19 in the densely and highly urbanised context of the Netherlands. It compares the geography of the different phases in the epidemic and assesses when and where density plays a role. Using municipal data on the rate of infections and hospitalisations, this paper reveals that spatial pat- terns differ substantially in time, which does not appear to be simple diffusion. Using panel regres- sions, it is demonstrated that population density plays a role in those stages in which containment and mitigation measures were least strict, while in periods of lockdown other factors such as household size are associated with higher infection rates. It concludes that lockdowns may have greater effect in urban areas as key urban elements are temporarily cancelled out.
摘要
新冠大流行引发了关于传染病与城市之间关系的公众和学术辩论。城市被认为具有传染性，因为它们是（国际）全国网络中的枢纽，并有高密度的人口。然而，城市和人口密度在病原体传播中的作用是复杂的，并且受到更广泛的生物社会环境的影响。本文分析了在荷兰人口密集和高度城市化的背景下，人口密度在新冠爆发中的作用。我们比较了疫情在不同阶段的地理分布，并评估了密度在何时何地发挥了作用。我们使用有关感染率和住院率的市政数据，揭示了空间规律在时间上存在很大差异，这似乎不是简单的扩散。我们使用面板回归分析，表明人口密度在遏制和缓解措施最不严格的阶段发挥作用，而在封锁期间，家庭规模等其他因素与较高的感染率相关。我们的结论是，封锁可能对城市地区产生更大的影响，因为城市化的关键要素被暂时取消。
关键词
健康、人口统计、集聚/城市化、新冠肺炎、人口密度
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