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论文快递: 第二百零八期

Urban Studies 城市研究速递 2023-11-10
六yi利物浦

编者按

Urban Studies 每年投稿量为1000多篇,每年发表16期,共180篇论文左右。由于稿件量大,文章从接收到正式出版周期较长,因此编辑部会在稿件接收排版后的第一时间在网上发布论文全文 (Online First) 。"论文快递" 栏目将同步推出网上刊登的最新论文,方便读者了解Urban Studies的最新动态,敬请关注!


本期为“论文快递”栏目的第二百零八期,将介绍 Urban Studies Volume 60 Issue 6的五篇论文。主题包括城市公民权,城市管道供水,保障性住房,家庭观念和移民,医疗城市和国家企业主义,欢迎阅读。

01

Ambivalent insurgencies: Citizenship, land politics and development in Hanoi and its periurban fringe

矛盾的反叛:河内及其城郊的公民权、土地政治和开发

Gray Brakke(英国伦敦政治经济学院首次出版时间:2023/01/17|研究论文
AbstractThis article examines the Vietnamese state’s ambivalence towards insurgent assertions of urban citizenship in and around Hanoi. In the 1980s and 1990s, it tolerated the lawbreaking construction of self-built housing in the city centre and eventually extended self-builders land use rights for their extralegal claims. In the 2000s and 2010s, however, the state violently cracked down on periurban villagers using insurgent strategies to resist the expropriation of their agricultural land for master-planned real estate developments. I suggest that the insurgency of self-builders precipitated a regime of graduated land use rights wherein the informal, extralegal claims of self-builders have been more respected than the formal, legal claims of periurban villagers. I ultimately argue that the state’s ambivalent responses to insurgency result from its pursuit of a materially shifting ideology of developmentalism. I also find that the success of insurgency derives from how the interests of citizens, the local state and the national state align and realign with one another.


摘要

本文探讨了对于河内及其城郊发生的、要求城市公民权的反叛性主张,越南政府所表现出来的矛盾心理。20世纪80年代和90年代,越南政府容忍在市中心非法建设自建房,并最终延长了自建者们非法索要的土地使用权。然而,在2000 年代和 2010 年代,政府对城郊反叛村民进行了暴力镇压那些村使用反叛策略来抗议政府将他们的农田征用,用于总体规划的房地产开发。我认为自建者的反叛导致了一种分级土地使用权制度的出现,在那种制度下,自建者非正规的、非法索要的土地使用权比城郊村民正式的、合法的权利更受尊重。最后,我认为,越南政府对反叛的矛盾反应源于其追求发展主义思想的实质性转变。我还发现,反叛的成功源于公民、地方政府和国家利益的相互协调,以及重新调整。


Keywords 

citizenship, development, housing, informality, land use, politics


关键词公民权、开发、住房、非正规性、土地使用、政治
原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221135402

02

Demystifying piped water supply: Formality and informality in (peri)urban water provisioning

揭开管道供水的神秘面纱:城市(周边)供水的正规性和非正规性

Vishal Narain(印度古尔冈管理发展学院Sumit Vij(荷兰瓦赫宁根大学与研究中心)Timos Karpouzoglou(瑞典皇家理工学院)首次出版时间:2023/01/05|研究论文

Abstract

Water utilities have favoured the modern ideal of piped networks and infrastructure that is reproduced in policies and discourses about achieving ambitious water targets. In this article, using ethnographic insights from an urbanising village of New Delhi called Rawta, we build on work that challenges the myth of formal water as ‘piped’ water and informal water as ‘non-piped’ and explore both piped and non-piped water as dynamic and socially negotiated water regimes. We analyse how water regimes are shaped by complex constellations of formal and informal actors, institutions and technological practices. What constitutes piped water supply in Rawta is in fact largely constituted by an elaborate informal network of underground pipes and water pumps laid down to realise very specific local water needs. We explore what this kind of informality means for drinking water supply in rapidly urbanising peripheries.


摘要 

水务公用事业倾向于由管道网络和基础设施构成的现代理想城市,这种理想城市在那些旨在实现雄心勃勃的用水目标的政策和讨论中得到再现。在本文中,我们利用实地考察Rawta,新德里的一个正在经历城镇化的村庄后所了解的情况,以挑战 “管道”供水为正规水,“非管道”供水为非正规水的错误看法为基础,探索作为动态的、社会层面商定的水制度的管道供水和非管道供水。我们分析了由正规和非正规行为者、机构和技术实践组成的复杂群体是如何塑造水制度的。事实上,Rawta的管道供水主要由一个复杂的、由地下管道和水泵组成的非正规网络构成,以满足当地特定的用水需求。我们探讨这种非正规性对于快速城市化的周边地区的饮用水供应意味着什么。


Keywords 

Delhi, drinking water, informal and formal regimes, (peri)urban


关键词 

德里、饮用水、非正规和正规制度、城市(周边)


原文地址 https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221130930

03

State preemption and affordable housing policy

州政府优先权和保障性住房政策

Christopher B Goodman(美国北伊利诺伊大学)Megan E Hatch(美国克利夫兰州立大学)首次出版时间:2022/12/14|研究论文
AbstractMany affordable housing policies are the domain of local governments. While subnational housing policies can be used to increase racial and economic segregation, they can also protect renters, and thus are not without controversy. Local affordable housing policies include inclusionary zoning, rent control, short-term rental regulation and source of income discrimination. Starting in the 1980s, states began to preempt these local laws, preventing their cities from adopting affordable housing policies. We ask why states choose to preempt one or more of these four affordable housing policies. Using a cross-sectional, time-series dataset of preemptions, we find evidence that more conservative legislatures are more likely to adopt preemptions, while more profes- sional legislatures and states with higher rental rates and previous preemptions are less likely to preempt. Contrary to expectations, interest group density, electoral competition and policy diffusion are not significant predictors of preemption. For advocates and policymakers concerned with increasing affordable housing in their jurisdictions, these results raise unease about the ability to further an affordable housing agenda at the local level, particularly in more conservative political environments, suggesting instead that affordable housing may need to return to the purview of the federal government.
摘要 

许多保障性住房政策的制定和实施是地方政府的管辖范围。虽然地方住房政策可能会增加种族和经济隔离,但它们也可以保护租房者,因此并非没有争议。地方保障性住房政策包括包容性分区、租金控制、短期租金监管和收入来源区分。从 1980 年代开始,各州开始出台凌驾于这些地方法律之上的法律,阻止其城市采用保障性住房政策。为什么各州会选择出台法律,凌驾于这四项保障性住房政策中的一项或多项之上呢?我们对此提出了疑问。利用优先权的横截面时间序列数据集,我们发现更保守的立法机构更有可能采用优先权,而更专业的立法机构以及租金较高和先前采用过优先权的州可能较小采用优先权。与人们的预期相反,利益集团密度、选举竞争和政策扩散并不是优先权的重要预测因素。对于关心在其所在辖区内增加保障性住房的倡导者和政策制定者来说,这些结果会让他们不安,让他们对地方一级推进保障性住房议程的能力产生怀疑,特别是在更保守的政治环境中,这表明保障性住房可能需要回到联邦政府的管辖范围内。


Keywords affordable housing, ideology, preemption, rent control, source of income discrimination
关键词

保障性住房、思想、优先权、租金控制、收入来源区分


原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221135410

04

Settlement in Nanjing among Chinese rural migrant families: The role of changing and persistent family norms

中国农村移民家庭在南京的定居情况:变化和持续的家庭观念的作用

Shuangshuang Tang(中国南京师范大学

Jing Zhou(中国北京理工大学)

Oana Druta(荷兰埃因霍温理工大学)

Xin Li(中国南京农业大学)

首次出版时间:2022/11/28|研究论文


Abstract

After nearly four decades of rural–urban mobility in China, most rural-to-urban migrants are still in a disadvantaged position. Nevertheless, an increasing number of them have started to pursue permanent settlements in urban destinations. Despite many quantitative studies concerning their settlement outcomes, little is known about the strategies employed and processes undergone by families in realising their settlement plans. The permanent settlement of migrants usually requires the commitment of their extended intergenerational families. We investigate how changing and persistent family norms feature in decisions over settlement plans made by nuclear families of the younger generation of rural-to-urban migrant workers in a Chinese megacity. Building on face-to-face interviews in Nanjing, we found reflections of individualism among the younger generation, such as a greater desire for personal fulfilment, stronger voices of wives in couples and the decline in filial obligation. The older generation also revealed certain aspects of individualism. They expressed rising concerns for their well-being and chose to accept the loss of authority in the plans to support adult children to settle down. Under a child-centred logic, parental sacrifice has been persistent among younger and older generations. Thus, difficulties encountered during urban settlement have transferred from the younger generation to their parents through parental sacrifice embedded in Chinese Confucian ideology. The exclusive urban housing and education systems, combined with the lack of care systems for children and the elderly, mediate these family norms.


摘要

在经历了近四十年的城乡流动之后,中国大多数从农村到城市的移民仍然处于贫困地位。尽管如此,他们中越来越多的人开始在所去的城市寻求永久性定居。尽管有许多关于其定居结果的定量研究,但对各家庭在实现其定居计划时所采用的策略和经历的过程知之甚少。移民的永久定居通常需要他们的大家庭几代人的努力。我们调查了在中国特大城市中,在年轻一代从农村到城市的农民工的核心家庭决定定居计划时,不断变化但持续的家庭观念是如何起作用的。在南京,我们对研究对象进行了面对面的采访。在此基础上我们发现了年轻一代的个人主义表现,比如对个人的成就有更大的渴望,夫妻关系中妻子有更大的发言权,以及更少尽孝顺义务。老一辈人在某些方面也体现出一定的个人主义。他们表示自己越来越担忧自己的幸福,并选择接受对定居计划决定权的丧失,支持成年子女定居下来。在以孩子为中心的逻辑下,在年轻一代和老一辈的移民中,父母做出牺牲的现象持续存在。因此,通过根植于中国儒家思想中的父母应该做出牺牲这样的观念,年轻一代在城市定居过程中遇到的困难已经转移到了他们的父母身上。城市住房和教育制度的专有性,加上儿童和老年人照护系统的缺乏,影响了这些家庭观念。


KeywordsChina, family norms, inter-generational relation, migrant, settlement, younger people
关键词

中国、家庭观念、代际关系、移民、定居、年轻人


原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221130761

05

The ‘medical city’ and China’s entrepreneurial state: Spatial production under rising consumerism in healthcare

“医疗城市”和中国的企业型政府:医疗消费主义升级下的空间生产

Xuanyi Nie(美国哈佛大学;新加坡国立大学首次出版时间:2022/11/29|研究论文
AbstractThe role of hospitals has significantly changed over the past decades and the ‘medical city’ has emerged as a new urban phenomenon in China. However, research on the significance of the medical city to China’s urbanism is limited. This paper situates China’s medical city in the theory of state entrepreneurialism and rethinks consumerism in healthcare. Particularly focussing on the state–market and production–consumption dyads, the paper argues that the state has engineered the institutional and market legitimacy for the rise of consumerism in healthcare and allows the medical city to capitalise on the provision and consumption of high-end healthcare services to advance the healthcare reform and capture economic opportunities. This argument is substan- tiated by a case study on the Shanghai New Hongqiao International Medical Center, which focusses on the public–private partnerships in the medical city. It is found that while the production of the medical city is based on private sector participation, the state’s presence is diffused in the governance of the medical city through public–private partnerships, which reflect the characteristics of state entrepreneurialism. The findings add to the theory of China’s urbanism with new sets of materials and render important implications for the urban future in China.

摘要

在过去几十年里,医院的角色发生了重大变化,“医疗城市”已成为中国一种新的城市现象。然而,关于医疗城市对中国城市化的影响的研究很有限。本文将中国的医疗城市置于国家企业主义理论的背景下考虑,并重新思考医疗保健行业中的消费主义。本文特别关注国家与市场以及生产与消费的二元关系,我们认为国家为医疗保健行业中消费主义的兴起设计了制度和市场合法性,并使得医疗城市能够利用高端医疗服务的提供和消费来推进医疗改革并抓住经济发展机会。上海新虹桥国际医学中心的案例研究就证实了这一点,该研究重点关注医疗城市的公私合作关系。研究发现,虽然医疗城市的生产基于私营部门的参与,但国家通过公私合作关系参与医疗城市的治理,这反映了国家企业主义的特点。这些发现为中国城市化理论增添了新的材料,并对中国城市的未来有重要影响。


KeywordsChina, consumerism, healthcare, hospitals, medical city, state entrepreneurialism
关键词

中国、消费主义、医疗保健、医院、医疗城市、国家企业主义


原文地址https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980221131246

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