搬砖养家的河狸,顺带还防火、抗洪、固碳、养鱼
一只美洲河狸 | Steve
图源:r/Environmentalist,汉化:Cloud
防火
河狸坝周围的植被没被烧毁 | 参考资料[1]
抗洪
在遇到强降雨时,没有河狸坝的河流会形成非常强的水流。而在有河狸坝的地方,水流被拦截了,其中还有一部分能被周围的土地吸收储存。
一个河狸坝 | Patrick Mackie
河狸坝其实是可穿透的结构,水坝内部有空隙。水经过时不会倾泻而下,而是被缓慢地释放,这让下游的水流更容易被管理,从而降低洪水风险。据估计,河狸减少了60%的洪水量。
净水
流经河狸坝的水变得更干净了 | Alan Puttock
一个河狸家庭,中间两只在互相理毛 | Mercury Freedom
此外,河狸创造的湿地也更加凉爽,因为水变成水蒸气时需要吸热。还有一些研究指出,河狸的池塘能储存大量的碳。
勤劳的河狸
河狸甩动尾巴拍打水面 | Garth Kroeker
河狸修建的运河 | Allison LeBlanc
撰文 | Cloud
参考资料:
[1] Kleinberger, Rebecca, et al. "Birds of a Feather Video-Flock Together: Design and Evaluation of an Agency-Based Parrot-to-Parrot Video-Calling System for Interspecies Ethical Enrichment." Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2023.
[1] Fairfax, E., & Whittle, A. (2020). Smokey the Beaver: beaver-dammed riparian corridors stay green during wildfire throughout the western United States. Ecol. Appl., 30(8), e02225. doi: 10.1002/eap.2225
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[8] Wohl, E. (2013). Landscape-scale carbon storage associated with beaver dams. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(14), 3631–3636. doi: 10.1002/grl.50710
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[10]Sarwari, K. (2021). Beavers are the unsung heroes of wildfire protection efforts. Northeastern Global News. Retrieved from https://news.northeastern.edu/2020/10/05/beavers-are-the-unsung-hero-of-wildfire-protection-efforts
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[15] Relocated beavers helped mitigate some effects of climate change. (2022, August 09). Retrieved from https://www.sciencenews.org/article/beaver-relocation-climate-change-dam-stream
[16] Puttock, A., Graham, H. A., Carless, D., & Brazier, R. E. (2018). Sediment and nutrient storage in a beaver engineered wetland. Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 43(11), 2358–2370. doi: 10.1002/esp.4398
[17] McLeish, T. (2015). Pathways to the Ponds. The Center for Northern Woodlands Education. Retrieved from https://northernwoodlands.org/discoveries/pathways-to-ponds
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[19] Puttock, A., Graham, H. A., Cunliffe, A. M., Elliott, M., & Brazier, R. E. (2017). Eurasian beaver activity increases water storage, attenuates flow and mitigates diffuse pollution from intensively-managed grasslands. Sci. Total Environ., 576, 430–443. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.122
由于河狸对生态环境的积极作用,在20世纪40年代末,爱达荷州渔猎局的工作人员想要为城市里的河狸搬家,将它们迁移到大自然的荒野中。
不过,如何让76只河狸搬家是个难题。这些河狸也在狸生第一次坐上了飞机……等待它们的是一场看似危险的“空投”。
想知道它们具体是如何搬家的吗?它们真的成功搬家了吗?下周五同一时间,锁定【把科学带回家】!我们将继续为你带来关于河狸的精彩内容。
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