孔院微课堂 | 年度热词 “破防”
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（本文转载自《孔子学院》中英文对照版2021年第2期/总第70期）
2021年12月6日，“2021年度时代网络用语”由国家语言资源监测和研究中心发布，“破防”在列；中国唯一一本以“纠错”为特色的语言杂志《咬文嚼字》发布了2021 年度十大流行语，“破防”也在其中；而作为年轻人活跃的重要阵地B 站，2021 年年度热词出炉，“破防”荣登榜首。
On December 6, 2021, “破防” was picked by China’s National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center as one of the Top Expressions on the Internet in 2021. Coincidentally, the phrase also made its way into the top ten buzzwords by Yaowen Jiaozi, China’s only language magazine featuring linguistic nuances and error correction. “破防” was also chosen by Bilibili, the most popular Chinese video sharing website among young people, as its top expression of the year.
“破”是一个汉字，读pò，其基本义是指完整的东西受到损伤而变得不完整。由“破”组成的常见词有：破坏、破碎、打破、突破等；“防”也是一个汉字，读 fáng ，其本义为堤坝，引申为防备、防守等意思。由“防”字组成的常见词有：防暴、防尘、提防、国防等。
“破”, pronounced “pò” in Mandarin, describes how a thing becomes broken due to damage. Some typical phrases containing “破” include “破坏” (destruction), “破碎” (break up), “打破” (break down), and “突破” (break through). “防”, pronounced “fáng”, originally describes a dyke, but its meaning has been extended to mean the use of precautions and defensive measures. “防” is frequently used in phrases such as “防暴” (anti-riot), “防尘” (antidust), “提防” (guard against), and “国防” (national defense).
然而，“破防”一词远不是“破”和“防”两字的简单相加，而是另有新的意义。“破防”最开始是电子游戏用语，指突破对方的防御，使对方失去防御能力。现在这个词已远远超出游戏领域使用的范围，它常用来表示遇到或看到一些事或信息后，内心深处被触动，心理防线被突破。
Notably, when combined, “破防” takes on more meaning than the combination of its two comprising characters. “破防”, originally used only in video games, expresses how one player breaks through the opponent’s defense line and weakens its defensive capability. But the phrase has now been used far beyond gaming. If someone sees or experiences something touching, he/she will feel overwhelmed and become emotionally vulnerable.
作为网络用语，“破防”具有口语化、趣味性的特点。不受标准语言规范的约束，追求个性表达，具有创造性，这正是年轻网民的特色与追求。“破防”体现了网络语言生成的新模式，它既传承传统的汉语文字规范的基因，又融于社会发展的新领域和语言文化的新背景，是一种融合，也是一种创新。
As an Internet catchphrase, “破防” is colloquial and figurative. The way it is used is highly individual, creative, and is not bound by language conventions. These features appeal to the tastes of young netizens. “破防” serves as a typical example of how a new Internet meme rises to popularity. It not only carries the original meaning of its two Chinese characters, but also fits in with the changes in social, linguistic, and cultural developments. This is evolution and innovation.
譬如：
1
当听到知名体育明星猝然离世的消息时，我们可以说: 破防了！24 号永远活在我心中。
2
当听到新冠病毒变异的消息时，我们可以说：破防了，活着不易！
3
当电视上播出一幕幕感人画面时，我们就可以说：今晚演出的第一个节目就让我破防了！
4
当要提升点击量或关注度时，我们可以使用如下标题：
疫情下的广西让人破防了
一再“破防”反映民心所向
The following sentences show how “破防” is used in different contexts.
1
When we hear of the sudden death of a well-known sports star, we can say:
It is such a shocking and sad news! I will always remember him as a player who plays in No. 24 jersey.
2
When we hear of a new strain of the COVID-19 virus, we can say: The virus is breaking the medical line of defense. We need to be more careful!
3
When we see touching scenes of a TV show, we can say: The first TV program tonight moved me to tears!
4
If we wish to grab attention or increase click rates, we might use the following two headlines:
Be ready to be overwhelmed by Guangxi’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic
What overwhelms us is what makes us stronger
在重复中创新，年轻人“破防”乐此不疲。其实，像2013 年风靡的“我和我的小伙伴都惊呆了”、2017 年的“惊不惊喜意不意外”“还有这种操作？”、2019 年的“房子塌了”、2020 年的“我裂开了”等，都有类似的内容和情绪表达。网络用语具有一定的时效性，每一个年代的网友们都在网络世界认真、执着地寻求着属于自己的年度声音与记忆，或许这声音与记忆是短暂的，但难能可贵的是，他们主动将兴趣点从网络游戏的虚拟世界转移到波澜壮阔的现实世界中来，并坚持寻求变化、保持不一样的特质，这也许是新生代的另类追求和别样人生。
Expressions such as “破防” represent the breakthroughs young people make to the Chinese language. In fact, we have seen a slew of similar trending phrases in recent years, such as “我和我的小伙伴都惊呆了” (My friends and I are so stunned.) in 2013, “惊不惊喜意不意外” (Are you taken by surprise or not?) and “还有这种操作?” (Are you kidding me? How could this happen?) in 2017, “房子塌了” (The house collapsed/one’s reputation has been ruined.) in 2019, and “我裂开了” (Oh my God. I’m so cracked up/screwed.) in 2020. Catchphrases come and go. They are created to celebrate, or poke fun at current events and popular culture. Although they generally have short lifespans, they show that young netizens are taking the initiative to adapt the language of the virtual world to describe elements of real life that they all relate to. As fun and funky expressions, they have become a defining feature of how the young generation communicate in the digital age and live their life in a different way.
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作者 | 丁晓花 Ding Xiaohua
翻译 | 李睿 Li Rui
图文排版 | 伍思语（实习）
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