日本地震专家演讲：面对地震，靠什么来拯救生命？

文章来源：精彩英语演讲

6月22日22时29分，四川宜宾珙县发生5.4级地震，震源深度10千米，本次地震为自“6.17”四川长宁6.0级地震以来最大余震。截至23日5时30分，此次余震共造成珙县、长宁县31人受轻伤和轻微伤，其中留院观察治疗21人，均无生命危险。

所以有一定的地震自救知识是必须的，今天英语演讲君通过东京大学的地震研究所的日本地震学家黑井聪子博士的TED演讲和大家普及一下《面对地震，靠什么来拯救生命》。

“我保证，我不会让震中死去的两万人白白逝去！”，来自东京大学的地震研究所的日本地震学家黑井聪子博士说，光靠地震知识远远不够拯救地震灾害中危及的生命，要通过防灾演习等方式提高民众应对突发灾害的求生能力，并改善建筑的质量和设计才是可行之法。

黑井博士在演讲最后说：“3.11地震直接向我指出一点，告诉我们，知识或者干预措施都不能拯救人们的生命。我知道我还在达成目标的半路上，但是我相信孩子们的学校教育是有用的。因为10年后，他们将是22岁，他们中有些人会成为学校老师。再过10年，他们将是32岁，他们中的许多都结婚了，成为了家长。我坚信孩子们的学校教育是有用的，所以20后，日本应对灾难的能力，会完全不一样，会比现在强大很多很多。在这里，我承诺我不会让3.11地震中死去的2万人白白逝去”

https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?width=500&height=375&auto=0&vid=x0536h0274x

satoko oki TED演讲英文版

Good afternoon everyone it's kind of strange that um I gotta talk in English, you know in front of a lot of gypsies,but I nominated anything it is that I have to.

ok ok I'm to start with, I'm sake from the earthquake research is dit from the University of Tokyo, just start with i would like you to guess what this is I guess many of our Japanese got to know that this is the earthquake early warning system ,this system informs you the intensity or the time log till the promotion comes so everytime earthquake occurs in Japan. I get this information what day or night and I get this information to myself ,one, because I'm seismologist who is in charge of giving information to the public, so why did I become seismologist,I spend a usual day on the day of kobe earthquake 17 years ago, I was high school student in Tokyo, and I didn't know what was going on in kobe and when I got home, oh my gosh, all the TV program shows this devastating disaster girl who is at the same ages meet kept shouting to this Rumble.

okay okay she's screaming to her mom and I was having you know smoking hot dinner and I couldn't understand why I'm having this dinner and she's screaming there we're having the same time so that night I decided to become seismologist and eleven years later I got doctor degree in seismology at this university. so here's the next question to you what is this yeah actually ten percent of the earthquakes occur in this country, we occupy only 1% of the earth's surface but earthquake occurs 10 times more so if you live in Japan, you should know about earthquakes in other words you are asked to have high earthquake literacy.

so I made all the efforts to give information to the public I delivered lectures to school kids and actually those meet school students there from toku regions, so I taught them what the tsunami is and what they should do to escape from Tommy, a year before the hook earthquake,so let's think about the literacy earthquake literacy in 2004 margarita nine earthquake hits matra it cause 200,000 colonies which is ten times as many as we had into an a research revealed that only thirty percent of the people in Indonesia have known the relation between earthquake and tsunami, this number goes to ninety-seven percent in our country even before the touhou earthquake.

of course we have higher ed walls and also the tsunami warning system but I thought yes I was right the earthly courtesy is one of the most important things to save our lives , that's what I thought but I was completely defeat it when i saw this movie this is a movie shot on a day in a city of miracle.

I show you there's a three-meter only three matter warning was issued and this city is surrounded by eight major hi Reba wall and as you can see Tamara height tsunami attacked the city, actually this is the hometown of next speakers father, so I know as a seismologist I really feel guilty for them, there are more than hundred people died in this area, so you know every single person in this city no the relation be when tsunami and earthquake, but the three made a high the three major issue the warning made the people vulnerable and eight metre high ball ask two people from this massive tsunami.

so more than a week, I kept googling their names from the evacuees list, you know,did I tell them right thing? I should have failed them the warning can be underestimated,  or that tsunami can easily over top the real,  all those researchers should tell the deficit over knowledge or the limit of current sciences so the earthquake literacy can decrease the commodities from 200,000 to 20,000 but eat alone cannot bring it to 0,  so we all have to go beyond the literacy and I still don't know what I can do,  I Stephen no I still don't know the answer but i found the ray of hope in school education in Japan.

We have several times of earthquake drill a year at schools , normally there's an announcement saying earthquake drill rig drill cover yourself under your desk something like that, and kids going to do like this, ok let's see, what will happen in real earthquake, so this is the movie from the colbert earthquake. it was shot by the security camera at the convenience store and then black out.

So well you can go to the broadcasting room with this, you know promotion and even though he reached there, you know what he gonna do is this black out you won't work,  so I suggested arranging the education the earthquake drill to let them think what they should do to positively protect their lives by themselves, the traditional earthquake drill is the training from kids to follow.

What teachers set the brand new standard of earthquake drill should be to let them decide what they should do to protect their lives, so I have this little earthquake drill in any kind of situation, such as , you know, in the music room library without any desks and they themselves think what they should do.

After two years of having this kind of earthquake drill ,the tohoku earthquake attacked this school and in the next slide I'll show the movie which was shot by chance on that they at this school there in the gym preparing for the graduation ceremony, so they did the right thing to protect their lives immediately, so this is going to be my last light, the more deviant the earthquake, it a finger three at me saying neither the knowledge or the interpretation saving people's life and i know i'm still halfway to my goal.

But i bet the school education for kids because in 10 years they'll be 22 years old and some of them become school teachers and in another 10 years, they'll be 32 years old and many of them got married and many of them become parents like me .this is another serious problem , but I'm gonna not talk about him to the head, so I bet the school education for kids so  in 20 years the potential of Japan against disaster will be totally different would be much much better than what it is right now and here i promise that i want waste 20,000 of lives lost on Martin event thank you。

面对地震，这些基本常识你一定要知道

当强烈地震发生时，要保持清醒的头脑。一般振动不明显时，不必外逃，更不能跳楼。振动强烈时，是逃是躲，则要因地制宜。可酌情采用如下个人应急避险与防护措施： 

1

如果你室内

 

 千万别钻床底下：地震后房屋倒塌有时会在室内形成三角空间，这些地方是人们得以幸存的相对安全地点，可称其为避震空间，它包括床沿下、坚固家具下、内墙墙根、墙角等开间小的地方。以前人们认为钻到床底下最安全，但床底下能躲不能逃，并非最佳的躲藏之处。

躲开头上悬挂物：要选择上面没有悬挂物，附近没有电源插头的地方，以防上面的悬挂物落下砸伤及电源线着火引发的次生灾害。

衣柜绝不允许进去：唐山地震时，有人钻进衣柜躲藏，几天后救援队发现时，人是完好的，但最后憋死了。

把门打开：躲藏地点离门近点，门最好打开，可以背靠在门框上，手抱头，待地震结束时准备随时转移，为逃生准备活路。

把客厅当成转移地带：客厅是四通八达没有堆积物的地方，地震中，应把客厅当成安全的转移地带。

卫生间最安全：如果地震发生时，你恰好在卫生间，那么恭喜你，你的生存几率要大很多。地震时，尺度越小的房间越安全，尺度越大震动越大越容易倒塌。卫生间的墙多是承重墙，房顶坠落物少，相对更安全。

水源很重要：守着水源是卫生间的一大优势，唐山地震，有人靠水维持了很长时间。

人莫扎堆、分散躲藏：都知道卫生间最安全，但地震发生时，切莫全家人都一起躲在卫生间，分散躲藏可以增加生存几率。因为，地震时哪里最安全并不确定，只是相对的安全，人员分散躲藏意味着总有人在外面以防万一，可以在震后即时展开救援。

千万不能坐电梯：地震发生时，千万不能使用电梯。一旦断电，上不来下不去就卡在里面出不来了。万一在搭乘电梯时遇到地震，可将操作盘上各楼层的按钮全部按下，一旦停下，迅速离开电梯，确认安全后避难。

往哪儿跑要看情况：地震发生后，一定要往下跑吗？答案是不一定。尤其是住在高楼层的住户而言，往哪儿跑的原则应该是就近——离地面近就往地面跑，离楼顶近就往楼顶跑，总之，“见天见地”都能够和外界接触，相对更安全。

2

如果你在室外

 

就近选择开阔地：立即蹲下或趴下，以免摔倒；不要乱跑，避开人多的地方。

避开高大建筑物：要躲开建筑物，特别是有玻璃幕墙的高大建筑；不要停留在过街天桥、立交桥的上面和下方。

远离高层楼的窗户：地震时，高层楼面向马路的那面墙很不稳定，高层楼的窗户更要远离。地震时，常常是框架在，墙没了，如果人躲在窗户下，很容易被甩出去。

避开危险物、高耸物或悬挂物：要注意躲开广告牌、街灯、物料堆放处；要避开变压器、电线杆、路灯等；还应该注意自动售货机翻倒伤人。

避开其它危险场所：避开狭窄的街道，危旧房屋、围墙，女儿墙、高门脸、雨篷下等处，还要注意避开高压线和下水道。

要保护好头部：在繁华街、楼区，最危险的是玻璃窗、广告牌等物掉落下来砸伤人，要注意用手或手提包等物保护好头部。

若在海边，越高越好、越远越好：在海岸边，有遭遇海啸的危险。感知地震或听到海啸警报的话，要尽快向远离海岸线的地方转移，以避免地震可能产生的海啸的袭击，往高处跑，越高越好。如果海啸时你在船上，那么就随船往深海走，因为海啸是越边上越危险。总之，要么往高处，要么往远处。

3

如果你在学校里

 

课桌就是救命草：正在学校上课时，如果发生地震，要在教师指挥下迅速抱头，躲在各自的课桌下。

有序撤离远离楼转角：震后要按照平时的逃生训练，在老师安排下有序向教室外面转移。撤离过程中，在楼梯转角处最容易发生踩踏事件，要有序通过。

操场最安全：在操场或室外时，可原地不动蹲下，双手保护头部，注意避开高大建筑物或危险物。

4

如果你在汽车里

 

千万别躲在车里：汽车看起来很结实，但其实只是薄薄的一层，不堪一击。发生大地震时，如果你在驾车，汽车会像轮胎泄了气似的，无法把握方向盘，难以驾驶。此时应避开十字路口将车子靠路边停下，然后立即下车抱头蹲在车边。

抓牢扶手，降低重心：如果地震时你正坐在行驶的电（汽）车内，那么只好就地取材，抓牢扶手，降低重心，躲在座位附近。

总而言之，遇到地震时，千万不要慌乱，保持镇定清醒的头脑。

避开所有危险设备，保护好头部，适时的选择结实的柜子或在柱子以及墙角就地蹲下。

同时要远离门窗或玻璃，避开高大不稳或摆放重物、易碎品、悬挂物等。

往期精彩回顾

你在看吗？