夏日工坊4：民间艺术影响-Summer Workshop4：Folk Art Influence
什么是民间艺术？
What is Folk Art？
民间艺术，主要是手工制作或以有限的机械设施创造的手工艺术作品，供制造者或小范围内的群体使用，并含有保留传统长期存在的元素。民间艺术是人类在特定环境中通过生产具有实用性且美观的建筑和物品，而向文明奋斗的创造性表现。
从广义上讲，民间艺术是指人民的艺术，与构成高度发达社会的艺术主流的精英产品或专业产品不同。
Folk art, predominantly functional or utilitarian visual art created by hand or with limited mechanical facilities for use by the maker or a small circumscribed group and containing an element of retention the prolonged survival of tradition. Folk art is the creative expression of the human struggle toward civilization within a particular environment through the production of useful but aesthetic buildings and objects.
In the broadest sense, folk art refers to the art of the people, as distinguished from the elite or professional product that constitutes the mainstream of art in highly developed societies.
现代设计需要民间艺术来丰富并丰富其内在信息，同时，它还必须进行创新，使设计作品既有民族感，又有现代感。例如，中国民间艺术文化，就是中国本土文化在中华文明的沃土中孕育、延续和发展的现代传播，启迪中国设计文脉，是对中国现代艺术设计创作理念和原则的有益补充。介绍民间艺术与现代艺术设计的基本特征和基本情况，分析研究民间艺术与现代艺术设计以及民间艺术对现代艺术设计的影响，民间艺术在现代艺术设计中的应用，以及现代艺术设计走的民族之路。
The modern design needs the folk art to enrich and enrich its inside information, at the same time, it also has to innovate, make the design work not only has the national feeling, but also has the modern feeling. For example, China folk art culture, is the Chinese native culture in Chinese civilization in the fertile soil of breeding, the continuation and development of modern communication, enlightenment Chinese design context, is a useful complement to the creation ideas and principles of modern art design of the China. The basic characteristics of folk art and modern art design and the basic situation, the analysis and study of the influence of folk art and modern art design and folk art to modern art design, the application of folk art in modern art design, and the modern art design to go the road of that nation.
艺术设计是一个国家经济发展水平、科技发展水平、审美水平的体现，同时艺术设计的民族文化体现也需要创新，而创新是基础。不同的民族有着不同的艺术风格、审美标准和风俗习惯，都以自己的方式表现自己的情感。“民间艺术是一种文化”。民间艺术是划分艺术门类的源泉，其意义是创意艺术、现代艺术设计的基础，而现代艺术设计离不开民间艺术的发展。所有人类的起源和基础都应该要求民间艺术吸收身体这一元素的营养，以便更好的发展。
Art design is a reflection of a country's economic development level, science and technology development level, aesthetic level, but also a national cultural embodiment of art design needs innovation, but innovation is the foundation. Different ethnic groups have different artistic styles, aesthetic standards and customs, all in their own way to show their emotions. "Folk art is a kind of culture". It is a source of cut art shapes, meaning is the basis of creative art, modern art design, and they cannot do without the development of folk art. The origin and foundation of all people should ask this art to absorb nutrition of this element of the body, in order to better development.
SUMMER
CAMP
日期/Date：
7月19日-7月23日/July 19th - July 23th
团体人数/Group Size：
3+
上课地点/Location:
校区1：顺义嘉浩别墅4区4016
校区2：氪空间（国贸中海广场社区）朝阳区光华东里8号院中海广场中楼8层
Campus 1: Gahood Villa 4-4016, Shunyi
Campus 2：Krypton Space (China World Trade Center Zhonghai Plaza Community) 8th Floor, Middle Building, Zhonghai Plaza, No. 8 Guanghua East Lane, Chaoyang District
年龄/Age：8+
9:30-12:00
¥2800/5节课（classes）
年龄/Age：5-7
13:00-15:00
¥2500/5节课（classes）
每日摘要/ Summary
第1天和第2天，制作一个三彩立马雕塑
Day 1 and 2, Producing a Sancai standing sculpture horse
第3天和第4天，创建一个Tinga Tinga艺术故事板
Day 3 and 4, Creating a Tinga Tinga Art Story board
第5天，受墨西哥人Frida Karlo启发创作艺术作品
Day 5, Make Mexican folk Frida Karlo inspired Artwork
技能与技巧/Skills and Techniques
3D雕塑建模/3D sculpture modeling
故事板设计/Story board design
绘图，缩放和制作/Drawing, scaling and crafting
图案和节奏设计/Pattern and rhythm design
装饰和绘画/Décor and painting
任务与期望/Tasks and Expectations
在假期营结束时，学生应该能够：
By the end of this workshop students should be able to:
1.进一步了解民间艺术及其对现代艺术实践的影响
1. Know more about Folk art and its influence on modern art practices
2.学习并了解唐代三彩马，Tinga Tinga故事和墨西哥民间艺术
2. Discover and understand about Tang dynasty Sancai horses, Tinga Tinga story and Mexican folk art
3.了解民间艺术
3. Understand Folk art
4. 了解并创建一个故事板
4. Know and create a story board
5.发现民间和现代艺术设计的基本特征
5. Discover basic characteristics of folk and modern art design
6.实现创意表达
6. Achieve creative expression
7.了解美学
7. Understand aesthetics
第1天和第2天
Day 1 and 2
唐朝-三彩立马
Tang dynasty- Sancai standing Horse
立马是中国唐代墓葬中的物品。在中国古代，许多墓葬俑和其他文物被专门设计用来与死者一起埋葬在大型墓葬中。这座大型雕像的特点是使用了三彩，这是唐朝时期流行的一种上釉技术。乍看之下，此雕塑的形状似乎是和谐对称的。然而，经过进一步地仔细观察，很明显，雕塑的形状是有机的，呈现出曲线和边缘的变化轮廓。当聚光灯照在雕塑上时，雕塑上深凹的阴影与明亮的高光形成鲜明的对比，这些光泽从其闪亮的釉面反射出来。
Standing Horse is a tomb figure created during the Tang dynasty in China. In ancient China, numerous tomb figurines and other artefacts were designed specifically to be buried with the deceased in large burial mounds. This large figurine features the use of Sancai, a glazing technique popular during the Tang dynasty. The form of this sculpture appears to be harmoniously symmetrical at first glance. However, on further scrutiny, it is clear that the shape of the sculpture is deeply organic, revealing a varied contour of curves and edges. When a spotlight is shone on the sculpture, deep pockets of shadows on the sculpture contrast starkly with illuminating highlights that reflect off its shiny, glazed surface.
作为一件具有1000多年的历史文物，它保存得非常完好。它是用陶器制成的，陶器是一种耐用的材料。青铜和木材是这一时期和该地区常用于制作雕塑和墓葬文物的另外两种材料。然而，陶器是一种更实用的墓葬材料，因为它比青铜更便宜，并且比木材更耐用。“三彩”的字面意思是“三种颜色”。然而，釉料的颜色并不限于三种。这种技术尤其与唐代有关。三彩釉具有极高的耐用性，使用该技术上釉的大多数陶器一直沿用到今天。在人物上使用三彩上釉是昂贵的，需要熟练的工艺。禁奢法还把三彩釉的使用限制在上层阶级，生产由帝国官僚控制。
As a historical artefact that is more than 1000-year-old, it is very well-preserved. It was created with earthenware, which is a durable material. Bronze and wood were 2 other materials commonly used to create sculptures and tomb artefacts in this period and region. However, earthenware was a more practical material for tomb artefacts because it was more affordable than bronze, and more durable than wood. The Sancai technique literally means ‘three colors”. However, the colors of the glazes were not limited to three in number. This technique is especially associated with the Tang Dynasty. The Sancai glaze is highly durable most ceramics glazed with this technique has endured till today. The use of Sancai glazing on figures was expensive and required skillful craftsmanship. Sumptuary laws also restricted the usage of Sancai glaze to the upper classes, and production was controlled by the imperial bureaucracy.
第3天和第4天
Day 3 and 4
Tinga Tinga 故事
Tinga Tinga Tales
自20世纪60年代末以来，流行绘画的独特流派在坦桑尼亚蓬勃发展。随着“第一代” Tinga Tinga艺术家中的最后一位成员Omary Amonde的去世，我们来看看创始人Edward Saidi Tingatinga的影响，以及当今艺术家们的发展方向。Tinga Tinga绘画的名字和灵感来自Edward Saidi Tingatinga（1932 – 1972）。1957年，他出生在当时被称为Tanganyika的殖民地最南端的一个村庄，为了寻找工作，他向北迁移到首都Dar es Salaam。他曾为外籍人士做过园丁，之后在穆希姆比利国立医院找到一份更好的病房服务员工作。Tingatinga是个足智多谋的人，他曾经尝试过其他方式来养家糊口。他钦佩刚果的巡回艺术家将他们的“丛林”画作出售给欧洲游客的那份轻松自如，他决定尝试自己的画法。他在方形硬质天花板瓷砖上使用了现成的高光泽自行车瓷釉材料。他画的野生鸟兽和乡村风光素雅朴实，天真迷人，卖得很快。其他人则受到了他成功的鼓舞，他同意接收六位学徒，大部分是他的家庭成员或他母亲马库阿部落的成员。但Tingatinga并没有享受他的成功太久。
The unique genre of popular painting that has flourished in Tanzania since the late 1960's. With the passing of Omary Amonde, the last of the "first generation" Tinga Tinga artists, we look at the legacy of founder Edward Saidi Tingatinga, and the directions taken by the artists today. Tinga Tinga painting takes its name and its inspiration from Edward Saidi Tingatinga (1932 – 1972). Born in a village in the far south of the colony then known as Tanganyika, he migrated north to the capital of Dar es Salaam in search of work in 1957. He worked as a gardener for expatriates before finding a better job as ward attendant at Muhimbili National Hospital. A resourceful man, Tingatinga was ever trying other ways to support his family. Admiring the apparent ease with which itinerant artists from the Congo sold their “jungle” paintings to European tourists, he determined to try his own hand at painting. He used readily available materials high gloss bicycle enamel on square hardboard ceiling tiles. His elegantly simple paintings of wild animals, birds and village scenes were naïve, charming and sold quickly. Others were inspired by his success, and he agreed to take on six apprentices, mostly members of his family or his mother’s Makua tribe. But Tingatinga did not enjoy his success for long.
1972年5月的一个晚上，他被首都Dar es Salaam警察枪杀，这被普遍称为“误认案”。尽管他的绘画生涯只有四年，但Edward Saidi Tingatinga在坦桑尼亚开创了绘画行业。他去世后，他最初的六个学生组成了一个以他的名字命名的小组。这些艺术家受到老师的启发，以“朴素”的风格创作，有些是字面上的，有些则扩展到新的主题上，并变得更加精致，甚至是巴洛克风格。在随后的四十年中，Tinga Tinga绘画已成为坦桑尼亚无处不在的民族艺术，其质量范围从非常原始朴素的艺术到装饰性的衍生作品，这些作品通常被称为“机场”艺术。这里展示的作品几乎都是Tinga Tinga合作社成员的作品，但它代表了风格演变的几个不同方向。
One night in May 1972 he was shot dead by the Dar es Salaam police in what is generally described as a “case of mistaken identity”. Though his painting career spanned only four years, Edward Saidi Tingatinga launched a painting industry in Tanzania. After his death his original six students organized themselves in a group that came to bear his name. The artists worked in a “naïve” style inspired by their teacher some quite literally, and others expanding into new subjects and more elaborate, even baroque, styles. In the ensuing forty years Tingatinga painting has become the ubiquitous national art of Tanzania, in quality that ranges from very original naïve art to decorative but derivative work that is often dismissed as “airport” art. The work shown here is nearly all by members of the Tinga Tinga Cooperative, but it represents the several distinct directions in which the style has evolved.
第5天
Day 5
墨西哥手工艺品和民间艺术
Mexican handcrafts and folk art
Heather Galler
用各种材料制成的用于实用、装饰或其他目的的复杂物品集合。在这个国家，手工生产的一些物品包括陶瓷、壁挂、花瓶、家具、纺织品等等。在墨西哥，无论是出于实用目的而创作的手工艺品还是民间艺术，都被统称为“Artesania”， 因为它们都有着相似的历史，都是墨西哥民族特征的重要组成部分。
A complex collection of items made with various materials and intended for utilitarian, decorative or other purposes. Some of the items produced by hand in this country include ceramics, wall hangings, vases, furniture, textiles and much more. In Mexico, both crafts created for utilitarian purposes and folk art are collectively known as “artesanía” as both have a similar history and both are a valued part of Mexico's national identity.
Frida Kahlo逝世50年后，她的生平和作品为65000多个网站、众多的个人时装展、艺术展览，甚至时装设计带来了灵感。在鼠标垫、家具和钟表上都可以找到她作品的复制品。2001年，美国邮政总局将她的肖像放在一张34美分的邮票上，使她成为首位获得此项殊荣的西班牙裔女性。作为一个艺术家，弗里达在她有生之年几乎被忽视，现在她被研究、分析和理想化了。“ Fridamania”始于20世纪90年代，并随着电影《Frida》（2002）的上映而得到推广。在艺术历史学家Victor Zamudio-Taylor看来，她已经成为“美国墨西哥裔美国人和西班牙裔美国人的榜样，因为她培养了对我们的身份以及悠久的历史和连续性的意识。”
Fifty years after her death, Frida Kahlo’s life and work has inspired over 65,000 Web sites, numerous one-woman shows and art exhibits and even fashion designs. Reproductions of her artwork can be found on mouse pads, furniture and clocks. In 2001, the U.S. Postal Service placed her image on a 34-cent stamp, making her the first Hispanic woman to receive such an honor. All but ignored as an artist during her lifetime, Frida is now studied, analyzed and idealized. “Fridamania” started in the 1990s and was pushed along by the release of the motion picture Frida (2002). To art historian Victor Zamudio-Taylor, she has become “a model for Mexican Americans and Hispanics in the United States because she nurtures a sense of who [we] are and of a long history and of continuities.”
Heather Galler
Heather Galler是享誉全球的、获奖的、专业的纽约艺术家，已有23年以上的历史。Heather曾在餐馆、办公楼绘制过许多大型壁画，最近还曾在一位长期艺术收藏家的家中作画。许多艺术收藏家在他们自己的个人收藏中有超过30件Galler的作品。
Heather Galler is a well-known, award winning, professional NY Artist for over 23 years. Heather has painted many large-scale murals in restaurants, office buildings, and most recently the home of a longtime art collector. Many art collectors have over 30 Galler pieces in their own personal collection.
Heather Galler是一位独特而又才华横溢的艺术家，她以丰富多彩的抽象民间宠物画而闻名。她的作品目前在38个州和7个国家销售。
Heather Galler is a unique and talented artist who has become known for her very colorful abstract folk pet paintings. Her work is currently selling in 38 states and seven countries
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