新时代的中国青年

1920年，青年邓小平离开四川广安家乡，飘洋过海赴法勤工俭学，然后走上革命道路。革命年代没有机会回家乡，但是执政后他也没有回过家乡。百年前那一代青年仰视西方，经过艰苦卓绝的奋斗，摆脱了东亚病夫的帽子，今天的青年可以平视西方了吗？

国务院新闻办公室2022年4月21日发布《新时代的中国青年》白皮书。

Youth of China in the New Era

（2022年4月）

中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室

The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China，April 2022

目录         Contents

前言         Preamble

一、新时代中国青年生逢盛世、共享机遇

I. The New Era: Great Times with Ample Opportunities

（一）拥有更高质量的发展条件

（二）获得更多人生出彩机会

（三）享受更全面的保障支持

二、新时代中国青年素质过硬、全面发展

II. All-Round Development in the New Era

（一）理想信念更为坚定

（二）身心素质向好向强

（三）知识素养不断提升

（四）社会参与积极主动

三、新时代中国青年勇挑重担、堪当大任

III. Shouldering Heavy Tasks and Responsibilities

（一）在平凡岗位上奋斗奉献

（二）在急难险重任务中冲锋在前

（三）在基层一线经受磨砺

（四）在创新创业中走在前列

（五）在社会文明建设中引风气之先

四、新时代中国青年胸怀世界、展现担当

IV. Having a Global Vision and a Strong Sense of Responsibility

（一）更加开放自信地融入世界

（二）展现构建人类命运共同体的青春担当

（三）中国青年的全球行动倡议

结束语

Conclusion

前言

Preamble

青年是整个社会力量中最积极、最有生气的力量，国家的希望在青年，民族的未来在青年。中国青年始终是实现中华民族伟大复兴的先锋力量。

Youth is the most active and vital force in society. The hopes of a country and the future of a nation lie in the hands of its young generation. Young Chinese have always played a vanguard role in the quest for national rejuvenation.

近代以后，中国逐步沦为半殖民地半封建社会，国家蒙辱、人民蒙难、文明蒙尘，中华民族遭受了前所未有的劫难，中国青年深切感受到日益深重的民族危机。

After 1840, China was gradually reduced to a semi-colonial, semi-feudal society and suffered enormous hardships. The country endured intense humiliation, the people were subjected to great pain, and China's civilization was plunged into darkness. China's youth gradually came to recognize the mounting national crisis.

中国青年的觉醒，点燃了中华民族伟大复兴的希望之光。五四运动前后，一大批率先接受新思想、新文化、新知识的有志青年在反复比较中选择了马克思列宁主义，促进中国人民和中华民族实现了自鸦片战争以来的第一次全面觉醒。1921年7月，平均年龄仅28岁的13位代表参加中国共产党第一次全国代表大会，宣告了中国共产党诞生这一开天辟地的大事变，吹响了全民族觉醒和奋起的号角，开启了民族复兴的新纪元。在中国共产党的领导下，中国共产主义青年团于1922年成立，中国青年运动翻开了新的历史篇章。

The enlightenment of its youth lit a beacon of hope for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Around the May Fourth Movement in 1919, a large number of aspiring and progressive young intellectuals assumed the lead in accepting new ideas, new culture, and new knowledge. After careful consideration they chose to follow Marxism-Leninism, which led to a widespread awakening of the people and the nation for the first time since the Opium War. In July 1921, 13 delegates, of an average age of only 28, participated in the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and announced the founding of the Party, an epoch-making event that sounded the clarion call for the awakening and rise of the nation. This marked the beginning of a new era of national rejuvenation for China. Under the CPC's leadership, the Communist Youth League of China (CYLC) was established in 1922, opening a new chapter of the Chinese youth movement.

……在新民主主义革命时期，中国青年不怕牺牲、敢于斗争，经受了生与死的考验，为争取民族独立、人民解放冲锋陷阵、抛洒热血。在社会主义革命和建设时期，中国青年勇于拼搏、甘于奉献，经受了苦与乐的考验，在新中国的广阔天地忘我劳动、发愤图强。在改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，中国青年开拓创新、勇立潮头，经受了得与失的考验，为推动中国大踏步赶上时代锐意改革、拼搏奋进。

党的十八大以来，中国特色社会主义进入新时代。以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视青年、热情关怀青年、充分信任青年，鲜明提出党管青年原则，大力倡导青年优先发展理念，着力发挥共青团作为党的助手和后备军作用，推动青年发展事业实现全方位进步、取得历史性成就。在这个伟大的新时代，中国青年展现了亮丽的青春风采、迸发出豪迈的青春激情。

新时代中国青年刚健自信、胸怀天下、担当有为，衷心拥护党的领导，奋力走在时代前列，展现出前所未有的昂扬风貌：追求远大理想，心中铭刻着对马克思主义的崇高信仰、对共产主义和中国特色社会主义的坚定信念；深植家国情怀，与国家同呼吸、与人民共命运，时刻彰显着鲜明的爱国主义精神气质；传承奋斗担当，先天下之忧而忧、后天下之乐而乐，勇做走在时代前列的奋进者、开拓者、奉献者。.……

一、新时代中国青年生逢盛世、共享机遇

I. The New Era: Great Times with Ample Opportunities

新时代中国青年生逢中华民族发展的最好时期，拥有更优越的发展环境、更广阔的成长空间，面临着建功立业的难得人生际遇。

Living in the best times in Chinese history, the current young generation enjoys an enabling environment for development, a broad space to grow, and wonderful opportunities to make a good career.

（一）拥有更高质量的发展条件

(1) Better Conditions for Development

随着中国的经济实力、科技实力、综合国力不断迈上新台阶、取得新跨越，新时代中国青年的发展基础日益厚实，发展底气越来越足。

China's economic and technological influence and composite national strength keep growing, which offers a sound foundation for China's youth to develop with increasing confidence.

物质发展环境更为优越。青年高质量发展，物质丰裕是基础。

Better material conditions. Affluence provides a good foundation for the young generation to develop and grow.

中国创造了世所罕见的经济快速发展和社会长期稳定“两大奇迹”，2021年国内生产总值超过110万亿元、稳居世界第二。超过2500万贫困青年彻底摆脱贫困，中国青年共同迈向更高水平的小康生活。

China has achieved two miracles - rapid economic growth and lasting social stability. In 2021, its economy ranked second in the world in size, with GDP exceeding 110 trillion yuan. As more than 25 million young people have escaped poverty, this generation can look forward to a better future of greater prosperity.

中国青年向往更有品质的美好生活，消费方式从大众化迈向个性化，消费需求从满足生存转向享受生活，从有衣穿到穿得时尚、穿出个性，从吃饱饭到吃得丰富、吃出健康，从能出行到快捷通畅、平稳舒适。中国青年的生活水平实现了质的跃升，高质量发展有了更加丰盈、更为坚实的物质基础。

In pursuing a life of high quality, young people are changing their consumption habits from consuming mass products and services to customized ones. They are changing from buying to meet their basic needs to buying to enjoy life, from having clothing to wear to dressing fashionably, from having food to eat to eating well for good health, and from taking affordable transportation to choosing fast and comfortable vehicles. Their standard of living has seen qualitative changes and their prospects for development are supported by a solid material foundation.

精神成长空间更为富足。青年高质量发展，离不开精神生活的多姿多彩。

Greater space for rich intellectual and cultural life. A rich and colorful intellectual and cultural life is a precondition for young people to prosper and grow.

受益于图书馆、博物馆、文化馆、美术馆等惠及青年的公共文化设施的不断完善①，中国青年享受的公共文化服务水平显著提高，逐渐从“去哪儿都新鲜”转变为“去哪儿都习以为常”，精神品位不断提升。随着图书、电视、电影、文艺演出等传统文化产业和数字创意、网络视听、数字出版、数字娱乐、线上演播等新兴文化产业迅猛发展，青年所需所盼的公共文化产品日渐丰富，逐渐从“有什么看什么”转变为“想看什么有什么”，文化视野更加开阔。文化旅游、乡村旅游、红色旅游、国际旅游等各类旅游产品应有尽有，青年走出去看世界的需求得到更好满足，逐渐从“只在家门口转转”转变为“哪里都能去逛逛”，见识阅历更加广博。不断扩展的精神文化生活空间，为中国青年追求更有高度、更有境界、更有品位的人生提供了更多可能。

　①截至2020年底，全国备案博物馆共5788家，“十三五”期间平均每2天就新增1家。

With a growing number of libraries, museums, cultural centers, art galleries and other public cultural facilities being built,[ By the end of 2020, the number of registered museums had reached 5,788 across the country, with one new museum being opened every two days on average during the period 2016-2020.] young people now enjoy notably improved public cultural services. Instead of feeling amazed at any new place they visit, they are getting used to visiting all kinds of places, thus refining their cultural tastes. Through the buoyant growth of traditional cultural industries such as publishing, television, movies, and artistic performance, and emerging cultural sectors such as the digital creative industry, online audio and visual, digital publishing, digital entertainment and online performance and broadcasting, young people now find diverse public cultural products available to them. Instead of reading and watching whatever they could get hold of, they can read and watch whatever they would like, thus broadening their vision. As a huge variety of tourist products are created for them to choose, such as cultural tours, countryside tours, CPC heritage tours and international travel packages, their desire to travel around the world is now satisfied. Instead of affordable sightseeing trips near their homes, they can travel anywhere they wish, thus enriching their knowledge and experience. These expanding intellectual and cultural spaces offer greater possibilities for young Chinese to achieve more, set lofty goals, and refine their tastes.

在与互联网的相互塑造中成长。互联网深刻塑造了青年，青年也深刻影响了互联网。

2020年底，中国6岁至18岁未成年人网民达1.8亿，未成年人互联网普及率达94.9%，城乡普及率差距从2018年的5.4个百分点缩小至0.3个百分点，互联网已经成为当代青少年不可或缺的生活方式、成长空间、“第六感官”。

At the end of 2020, the number of netizens aged 6 to 18 reached 180 million in China, with the internet available to 94.9 percent of minors, and the gap in internet accessibility between cities and rural areas narrowed to 0.3 percentage point from 5.4 percentage points in 2018. The internet has become the "sixth sense" of contemporary young people and part of their lives, and offers them a space to grow.

随着互联网的快速普及，越来越多的青年便捷地获取信息、交流思想、交友互动、购物消费，青年的学习、生活和工作方式发生深刻改变。在网络视频（短视频）、网络直播、网约车用户中，青年都是主体。中国青年日益成为网络空间主要的信息生产者、服务消费者、技术推动者，深刻影响了互联网发展潮流。面对纷繁复杂的网络信息，中国青年在网上积极弘扬正能量、展示新风尚，共同营造清朗网络空间。

（二）获得更多人生出彩机会

(2) More Opportunities to Fulfill Potential

国家好，青年才会好。随着经济社会快速发展，新时代中国青年获得了更优越的发展机遇，实现人生出彩的舞台越来越宽阔。

Only when the country prospers can its young people prosper. With rapid economic and social development, young people in China in the new era have access to better opportunities for development and a growing stage on which to fulfill their potential.

教育机会更加均等。中国教育事业优先发展不断深化，中国青年享有更加平等、更高质量的教育机会。2021年，中国义务教育巩固率达95.4%；高中阶段毛入学率达91.4%；高等教育毛入学率达57.8%、在学总规模达4430万人，居世界第一，越来越多的青年打开了通往成功成才大门的重要路径。

覆盖学前教育至研究生教育的学生资助政策体系建成且日趋完善，2020年资助资金总额超过2400亿元、资助学生近1.5亿人次，实现“三个全覆盖”②。义务教育阶段进城务工人员随迁子女、农村和贫困地区学生等群体受教育权益得到充分保障。2020年，85.8%的进城务工人员随迁子女在公办学校就读或享受政府购买学位服务；2012年至2021年，农村和贫困地区重点高校专项招生计划定向招生超过82万人，让更多的青年公平享有接受更好教育的机会，阻断贫困的代际传递。

②即学前教育、义务教育、高中阶段教育、本专科教育和研究生教育所有学段全覆盖，公办民办学校全覆盖，家庭经济困难学生全覆盖。

The country has established and been improving the system of financial aid to students, which offers full coverage from preschool to postgraduate education. By 2020, subsidies had totaled over 240 billion yuan and assisted nearly 150 million students, achieving full coverage from preschool education, compulsory education, and senior secondary education to undergraduate and postgraduate education, across public and privately-run schools, and for all students from families with financial difficulties. The right of particular groups to receive compulsory education and their interests have been well protected, including children living in cities with their parents who are migrant workers, and students from rural and poor areas. In 2020, 85.8 percent of children living in cities with migrant worker parents studied in public schools or filled the slots purchased by the government in privately-run schools. From 2012 to 2021, more than 820,000 students from rural and poor areas were enrolled in key universities through special enrollment plans. More young people have thus been granted equal opportunities to receive better education, which prevents poverty from passing down from one generation to the next.

职业选择丰富多元。中国青年职业选择日益市场化、多元化、自主化，不再只青睐传统意义上的“铁饭碗”，非公有制经济组织和新社会组织逐渐成为青年就业的主要渠道。“非工即农”的就业选择一去不返，第三产业成为吸纳青年就业的重要领域。2020年，第三产业就业占比47.7%，比十年前增长13.1个百分点。特别是近年来快速兴起的新产业、新业态，催生了电竞选手、网络主播、网络作家等大量新职业，集聚了快递小哥、外卖骑手等大量灵活就业青年，涌现了拥有多重身份和职业、多种工作和生活方式的“斜杠青年”，充分体现了时代赋予青年的更多机遇、更多选择。

发展流动畅通自由。随着社会主义市场经济体制不断完善，市场主体活力持续提升，各类要素流动日益频繁，青年的发展渠道更加畅通、流动更加自由。在区域协调发展战略深入实施大背景下，中国青年逐渐由单向的“孔雀东南飞”转变为多向的“自由随心飞”，在自己喜欢的城市寻找发展机会，在适合自己的地区拓展成长舞台。一批又一批农村青年走进城市，挥洒汗水、奋力拼搏，安家落户、实现梦想。2020年，外出农民工总数近1.7亿，其中多数为青年；青年常住人口城镇化率达71.1%、比十年前增加15.3个百分点、高于整体常住人口城镇化率7.2个百分点，更多青年通过城乡之间的发展流动更好融入城市生活、实现发展跃迁。……

结束语

　　青年一代有理想、有本领、有担当，国家就有前途，民族就有希望。中国的未来属于青年，世界的未来也属于青年。

　　未来的中国青年，必将“以青春之我，创建青春之家庭，青春之国家，青春之民族，青春之人类，青春之地球，青春之宇宙”，在实现民族复兴的伟大实践中放飞青春梦想。

　　未来的中国，必将在一代又一代青年的接续奋斗中，实现物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明的全面提升。中国人民将享有更加幸福安康的生活，中华民族将以更加昂扬的姿态屹立于世界民族之林，伟大的中国梦一定能够变成现实。

　　未来的世界，关系到每一名青年的前途命运，更取决于每一名青年的拼搏奋斗。只要各国青年团结起来、同向同行，坚持平等协商、开放创新、同舟共济、坚守正义，就一定能远离战火硝烟、倾轧斗争，真正建设一个和平发展、亲如一家的“地球村”，共同开创共赢共享、发展繁荣、健康安全、互尊互鉴的美好未来，实现全人类的共同梦想。

　　中国青年愿同世界各国青年一道，为推动构建人类命运共同体、建设更加美好的世界贡献智慧和力量。

延伸阅读

教科文组织2022年丝绸之路青年研究基金提案征集

与众不同的选择