#美国妇女投票权100周年# 1920年的今天，美国宪法第19条修正案获得批准

Women's Suffrage Parade in Washington DC, March 3, 1913

1913年3月3日，在华盛顿举行的争取妇女选举权游行

A women's suffrage parade is shown here in an undated photo (AP Photo)

争取妇女选举权大游行（日期不详）（美联社图片）

#美国妇女投票权100周年#

1920年的今天，田纳西州成为批准美国宪法第19条修正案的第36个州，使得该修正案通过了最终门槛，获得了四分之三的州的同意。1920年8月26日，班布里奇·科尔比国务卿正式宣布了该修正案获得批准，永久改变了美国选民的面貌。但是，这没有保证所有妇女获得完全投票权——特别是有色人群妇女在前方道路上面临更多斗争。

从20世纪中期开始，几代妇女选举权支持者发表演讲、写文章、游行、游说并进行公民抗命，以实现很多美国人视为激进的宪法修订。

美国宪法规定，一桩宪法修正案需要先由参众两院分别以三分之二或以上的票数通过，还得走美国联邦各州的议会加以批准的程序。一旦联邦档案和记录管理局（National Archives and Records Administration, NARA）收到四分之三以上的州送达的批准文本（目前美国有50个州，四分之三就得38个州批准），修正案才能生效。

https://share.america.gov/zh-hans/100-year-milestone-of-womens-suffrage-in-the-u-s/

https://share.america.gov/zh-hans/a-monument-to-u-s-womens-right-to-vote-turns-100/

#U.S. women’s right to vote turns 100

#OnthisDay in 1920, when Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify the 19th amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the amendment passed its final hurdle of obtaining the agreement of three-fourths of the states. Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby certified the ratification on August 26, 1920, changing the face of the American electorate forever. The 19th amendment guarantees American women the right to vote. However, it did not guarantee full voting rights for all women—women of color especially had additional struggles ahead.

Beginning in the mid-19th century, several generations of woman suffrage supporters lectured, wrote, marched, lobbied, and practiced civil disobedience to achieve what many Americans considered a radical change of the Constitution. 

The U.S. Constitution stipulates that a constitutional amendment must first be passed by the Senate and House of Representatives by two-thirds or more of the vote, and must go through the process of approval by the U.S. state legislatures. Once the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) receives approval from more than three-quarters of the states (currently there are 50 states in the United States, three-quarters require 38 states to approve), the amendment can take effect.