双语 | “白人至上”暴乱背后 美国社会埋着的那些雷！

当地时间12号，美国弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔市大规模集会期间发生暴力事件，导致3人死亡，约35人受伤。据称，此次是美国十年来最大规模的“白人至上主义”游行和骚乱。联合国秘书长古特雷斯谴责该起暴力事件以及在事件中表现出来的过激行为，美国总统特朗普也两度发声谴责。

那么，什么是“白人至上主义”？此次游行和骚乱缘何发生？背后还有哪些你应该知道的知识？一起来和Yee君get起来！

Three people died and about 35 were injured in a day of violence that began with clashes at a white nationalist rally on Saturday in Charlottesville.

8月12日，美国弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔市发生白人民族主义者集会冲突导致的暴力事件，造成3人死亡，35人受伤。

One of those killed was a 32-year-old female pedestrian who was hit by a car that plowed into marchers, authorities said. The driver of the car, James Alex Fields is being held on charges including second degree murder.

美国当局称，一辆汽车突然冲撞反对者的游行队伍，一名32岁女性行人被撞身亡。肇事司机詹姆斯·亚历克斯·菲尔兹已被抓获，面临二级谋杀等罪名指控。

A short time after the violence erupted, a police helicopter crashed, killing two troopers. Virginia State Police said the helicopter was assisting law enforcement officers monitoring the rally, according to The Associated Press.

暴力事件爆发后不久，一架警方直升机坠毁，机上两名警察遇难。据美联社报道，弗吉尼亚州警方称，该直升机当时正在协助执法人员监控集会情况。

Gov. McAuliffe, speaking at a press conference, had a strong message for the white nationalist protesters: "Go home."

弗吉尼亚州州长麦考利夫在新闻发布会上发表讲话，对白人民族主义示威者发出强烈信号：“赶紧离开。”

He added, "You are not wanted in this great commonwealth. Shame on you. You pretend that you are patriots, but you are anything but a patriot."

他补充道：“美国没有你们的容身之地，你们是可耻的！你们假装自己是爱国者，但根本算不上爱国！”

President Trump said he condemned "in the strongest possible terms this egregious display of hatred, bigotry, and violence on many sides."

特朗普总统称“多方都表现出了令人震惊的仇恨、偏见和暴力，我们以最强烈的言辞谴责这些行为。”

"We have to respect each other, ideally we have to love each other," he said.

“我们必须尊重彼此，更应该相互关爱。”特朗普说道。

Virginia's governor had earlier declared a state of emergency as a result of violent clashes involving hundreds of protesters in Charlottesville.

夏洛茨维尔爆发几百名示威人员暴力冲突事件，弗吉尼亚政府因此在早些时候宣布进入紧急状态。

The move came during a white nationalist rally planned in the small college town to protest plans to remove a statue of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee from a city park. On Saturday morning, protesters and counter-protesters faced off, kicking, punching, hurling water bottles at and deploying chemical sprays against one another.

白人民族主义者在规模不大的大学城——夏洛茨维尔举行集会，抗议拆除公园中同盟军将领罗伯特・李雕像的计划，政府随即发布紧急状态。12日上午，示威者和反对示威者发生对峙，相互厮打、投掷水瓶、使用化学喷雾。

Approximately 500 protesters were on-site, with more than double the amount of counter-protesters, according to reporter Sandy Hausman of member station WVTF and Radio IQ.

WVTF & Radio IQ成员站的记者桑迪·豪斯曼称，现场大约有500名示威者，是反示威者的两倍多。

The "Unite the Right" rally was expected to draw a lot of people from out of town. It follows last month's Ku Klux Klan rally, also in Charlottesville, that drew about 50 Klan members and about 1,000 counter-protesters

有人希望“团结右翼”游行能使夏洛茨维尔之外的大批人员参与进来。在此之前，上个月3K党同样在此集会，大约50名3K党成员和1000名反示威者参与其中。

A prominent US civil rights group, the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) says that it is currently tracking more than 1,600 extremist groups in the country.

美国著名民权组织“南方贫困法律中心”称，目前正在全国追踪1600多个极端主义团体。

But who are these groups, how popular have they become, and what do they hope to achieve?

但他们都是些什么组织，影响范围有多大，又想达到什么目的呢？

Here is a look at the most visible of the white supremacist movements in the US today.

下面我们来看看，当今美国最为显眼的“白人至上”主义运动。

What is white supremacy? 什么是“白人至上”？

White supremacy is a racist ideology based on the belief that white people are superior than people of other races and therefore dominate society.

“白人至上”是一种种族主义意识形态，“白人至上”者秉承的理念是：白人优越于其他种族，因此应由白人来统治社会。

The term is also used to describe a political ideology that perpetuates and maintains the social, political, historical or industrial domination by white people.

这个词也常用来描述一种政治意识形态，即白人永远享有社会、政治、历史、工业的统治权。

People who hold these beliefs sometimes go by names including Alt-Right, Identitarians and race realists.

持有这种观念的人有时也称作另类右翼、白人认同政治主义者和种族现实主义者。

Other white supremacist groups include the Ku Klux Klan and neo-Nazis.

其他“白人至上”组织还包括3K党和新纳粹组织。

What is alternative right (alt-right) ？什么是另类右翼？

The term “alt-right’ or ‘alternative right’ is a name currently embraced by some white supremacists and white nationalists to refer to themselves and their ideology, which emphasises preserving and protecting the white race in the United States.

“另类右翼”是目前一些“白人至上”者及白人民族主义者所信奉的称谓，以此来指代自己，并强调他们保存和保护美国白种人的意识形态。

The movement has been described as a mix of racism, white nationalism and populism … criticises “multiculturalism” and more rights for non-whites, women, Jews, Muslims, gays, immigrants and other minorities.

据称，另类右翼活动掺杂了种族主义、白人民族主义和民粹主义等，他们抨击“多元文化主义”，反对赋予有色人种、女性、犹太人、穆斯林、同性恋者、移民和其他少数族裔更多的权利。

Its members reject the American democratic ideal that all should have equality under the law regardless of creed, gender, ethnic origin or race.

另类右翼成员反对美式民主理念，即不论宗教信仰、性别、民族、种族，法律面前人人平等。

There is no formal organisation – therefore the number of members is unclear as its predominantly an online movement.

另类右翼没有正式组织，主要以线上活动为主，因此无法统计成员人数。

What is Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?  什么是3K党？

America's most infamous supremacist group, the initial KKK was formed by ex-Confederate officers in the southern states of the US in the aftermath of the American Civil War in 1865.

3K党是美国最臭名昭著的“白人至上主义”组织，最初由南方州前联盟国的军官在1865年南北战争之后创立。

The Klan soon flourished in the south before spreading nationwide in the 1900s. Divisions of the group discriminate against black Americans, Jews and immigrants, and more recently gays and lesbians.

3K党在美国南方迅速兴起，并在20世纪遍布全美。该组织分支的歧视对象包括美国黑人、犹太人和移民，最近还增加了对同性恋的歧视。

It became a vigilante movement with the aim of preventing these groups from enjoying the same civil liberties and rights as their fellow Americans.

3K党发展成为一种治安维持运动，旨在阻止这些群体享受和其他美国人一样的公民自由和权力。

What are Neo-Nazi groups? 什么是“新纳粹”组织？

The term neo-Nazi relates to a group of separatist activists who share anti-Semitic ideals and a love for Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany.

“新纳粹”指分离主义激进分子组成的团体。他们推崇反犹思想，崇拜阿道夫·希特勒和纳粹德国。

The views of neo-Nazi groups in the US are protected by the courts and the nation's First Amendment.

美国新纳粹组织的主张受到法院和宪法《第一修正案》的保护。

In one well-known case, the Supreme Court invoked the First Amendment to uphold the right of a neo-Nazi group to march through the predominantly Jewish town of Skokie, Illinois, and display swastikas.

在一起著名的案件中，最高法院援引《第一修正案》，维护新纳粹组织在伊利诺伊州的犹太人聚集地斯柯基市区开展游行、展示纳粹十字记号的权力。

Other hate groups 另一些仇视团体

National Socialist Movement: Founded in 1994, it is one of the largest neo-Nazi groups in the US, with chapters in more than 30 states.

国家社会主义者运动：成立于1994年，是美国最大的新纳粹组织之一，在30多个州设有分支。

Council of Conservative Citizens: Founded 1985, sprung from the pro-segregation movement in the southern states.

保守市民审议会：成立于1985年，是在南方各州兴起的支持种族隔离运动。

American Freedom Party: Founded 2009, with origins in California. It has a racist agenda and is against immigration.

美国自由党：成立于2009年，起源于加利福尼亚。该党章程包含种族主义，对移民持反对态度。

英文来源：NPR, BBC, 英国太阳报

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