双语 | 蚊子都热死了！没有空调的古人如何解暑？【附一大波美食译法】

今年夏天格外热，立秋了，也热度不减，热到什么程度呢？

泸州的蚊子被热死了↓

非洲友人在天安门中暑了↓

生鸡蛋掉地上变荷包蛋了↓

“我和你妈掉水里先救谁”的世纪难题有解了↓

在这种“出门五分钟，流汗俩小时”的高温天气中，全国各地的小伙伴只想感叹一句——

不过，你是否想过，在没有空调的古代，人们如何应对难熬的高温天呢？古人有哪些解暑神器呢？赶快和Yee君一起了解下吧~~

Icehouse and ice ticket 冰窖和冰票

▲Ancient people collect natural ice in winter. 

古人在冬季采冰

As early as Pre-Qin Dynasty (2100-221 BC), people used natural ice to keep food fresh and make cold drinks. According to the record in the Confucian classic Rites of Zhou, the Zhou royal court had a specialized department called the “Ice Administration” which had 80 employees. The department collected natural ice blocks each December, and then transported them to the ice house for storage.

早在先秦时期（公元前2100年-公元前221年），人们就已经使用天然冰块来保鲜食物，制作冷饮。据儒家经典《周礼》中的记载，当时周王室专门成立了一个名为“冰政”的机构，共有80人供职。在每年的十二月份，他们便采集冰块，然后运送至冰窖中储存起来。

Some senior officials were awarded ice cubes by the Zhou royal court, which was a big honor during that time. The system of granting ice lasted until the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties. During the Qing Dynasty, “ice tickets” were distributed to officials instead of sending the ice directly to them.

有些位高权重的官员还会得到周王室赏赐的冰块，这在当时可是个极大的荣耀。这种赐冰制度一直沿用至明朝（1368-1644）和清朝（1644-1911）。到了清朝，给这些官员们发放的是“冰票”而非直接赐冰。

Ice container 冰鉴

▲Ancient refrigerator

古代的冰箱

The most commonly used cooling utensil is called “冰鉴(bīng hàn)”, which is a big container filled with ice. It was made of ceramic in early Chinese history, and was later made of copper. It can be seen as an ancient refrigerator, which can be used to make cold drinks.

古人们常用的冷藏器具叫“冰鉴”，它是一种装满冰块的大型容器。早期它是陶瓷制品，而后则是由青铜制成。“冰鉴”可以说是古代的冰箱，可以用来制作冷饮。

Hiding food in the well 井中藏食

During the Qin (221-207 BC) and Han (202 BC-AD 220) dynasties, for common people, the most common way to cool off is by using their wells. Some families put an urn in the well as a cold closet, or put food in a basket and lowered the basket into the well with a rope. Actually, ancient people don’t need cold beverages, as well water was the best drink in summer.

在秦朝（公元前221年-公元前207年）和汉朝（公元前202年-公元220年），普通老百姓最常用的消暑方式就是利用水井降温。有些人家会在井中放一口大瓮，以此作为冷藏室；或将食物放在篮子里，然后用绳索将其送下井去。实际上，古人们并不需要什么冷饮，井水就是夏天最好的饮品。

Herbal drinks 中草药饮品

During the Qing Dynasty, taking Chinese herbal medicine was popular in Beijing. According to historical records, during the scorching summer, some people preferred to drink ice water, some boiled perilla leaves, and liquorice as summer soup to keep off the heat. Ancient people also loved to make lotus seed soup in summer which was said to have the benefit of strengthening the body.

到了清朝，京城里十分流行饮用中草药熬制的饮品。据史料记载，炎炎夏季里，有些人更爱喝用紫苏叶和甘草熬制的冰水来消暑。莲子汤也很受古人们的喜爱，据说它可以强身健体。

Bed-mat for summer 凉席

Ancient people wove vines, reeds, or bamboo into bed-mats for summer which are cool to sleep on.

古人会将藤条、芦苇或者竹子编成凉席，睡在上面十分凉爽。

Porcelain pillow  瓷枕

The surface of a porcelain pillow is a layer of glaze, which feels pleasantly cool. It is said that the Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty liked his porcelain pillow a lot.

瓷枕的表面涂有一层釉料，可以爽身怡神。相传，清朝乾隆皇帝对这种瓷枕甚是喜爱。

Dragon fur curtain  龙皮帐

The dragon fur curtain was used during ancient times to block the hot waves in the summer, and keep the interior pleasantly cool. It was not really made of dragon fur, since there are no such creatures as dragons, so some say it was made of the skin of large boas. Surrounded by large and cold boa skins, the place would feel like an air-conditioned room. However, the skin was precious and difficult to obtain, so only the royal court was able to use it.

在古代，人们用龙皮帐来遮挡夏天的暑气，使室内保持清凉。这种帐子并非真的由“龙皮”制成，因为根本没有龙这种生物。所以，有人说它是由蟒蛇皮做成的。房间被巨大、冰凉的蟒蛇皮围起来，感觉像处在空调房内一样。但这种蛇皮十分珍贵，很难获得，所以只有皇家才能使用。

Bamboo lady  竹夫人

Ancient people in the southern parts of China preferred to use a cylinder-shaped bamboo ware, which is hollow in the middle and has grid mesh on the surface. It uses the principle of cross ventilation to cool people down, and can be hugged, or used to hold up your feet.

中国古代的南方人更喜欢用一种圆柱形竹制品来消夏。该器物中间镂空，周身有竹编网眼。利用“弄堂穿风”的原理，供人取凉，可搂在怀中，也可用来搁脚。

Fan  扇子

Last but not least, the most commonly used tool to cool down in the summer is the humble fan, and is still used nowadays. Fans were made of different materials, such as bird’s feathers, bamboo, or fur.

最后，夏日最常用来消暑的还是扇子，别看它其貌不扬，直到今天人们还在使用。扇子由不同材料制成，如鸟的羽毛、竹子或者动物皮毛等。

话说古人为了解暑也是不遗余力了，不过这么多解暑神器，感觉还是没有空调给力！当然，吹着空调时，再来一些解暑美食，生活不要太美好啦~~前方高能预警，小心流口水哟~~

Hot summer desserts

炎夏甜品

Mung Bean Cake (Mung Bean Paste)  绿豆糕

Mung bean cake is made from mung beans. In Chinese Traditional Medicine, mung bean has a cool attribute, which can help to reduce the body hotness.

绿豆糕是用绿豆做成的。在中医理论中，绿豆属凉性，有助于减轻身体的暑热。

Water Chestnut Cake 马蹄糕

This is made from water chestnut flour and fresh water chestnut. It is a popular dessert served in dim sum hall.

马蹄糕是用荸荠粉和新鲜荸荠制成。这是一款在市面上很受欢迎的点心。

Red Bean Soup with Taro Balls  芋圆红豆沙

Traditionally red bean soup with taro balls is a popular dessert originated from Taiwan. However you may see the dessert shop providing red bean soup with taro balls, or red bean soup with tofu pudding everywhere in China now.

从传统上来说，芋圆红豆沙是一种起源于中国台湾的广受欢迎的甜点。不过，如今在中国各地，你都可以看到甜品店售卖芋圆红豆沙或者红豆沙豆花。

Chinese Mango Pudding  中式芒果布丁

This mango pudding is quite popular in Chinese dessert shops where lots of yummy and interesting dishes are served for example this sticky rice balls over mango smoothie, red bean soup and nuomici.

芒果布丁在中国的甜品店很常见，这些甜品店同时也会供应许多美味而有趣的餐品，比如，有一种甜品会将汤圆放在芒果冰沙、红豆沙和糯米糍上。

Beverage & Soup 

饮料汤品

Grass Jelly (cincau) 烧仙草

Grass jelly is a sweet dessert, popular in Southern China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan area. Traditionally, we boil leaves and stalks from a plant named Mesona Chinensis with a small amount of starch or rice flour to ma 45 33213 45 15009 0 0 6574 0 0:00:05 0:00:02 0:00:03 6577ke grass jelly. After cooling down, the liquid will firm into a jelly. However, this method cannot be popular in our daily life as it is quite time-consuming. In order to simplify the process, there are popular canned grass jelly and powdered grass jelly.

烧仙草是风靡中国南方、香港和台湾地区的一道甜点，传统做法是将仙草的叶和茎与少量淀粉或米粉一起煮，冷却后汁液会凝固成胶状物。不过，这种做法太过耗时，在如今日常生活中已很少采用，取而代之的是颇受欢迎的罐装仙草和仙草粉，以简化流程。

Mung Bean Soup 绿豆汤

Mung bean soup is a traditional summer soup dessert in China. You can find the packaged ones in almost every freezer of the street store or freshly stewed ones in hot pot restaurants. Mung bean is believed to be beneficial to human body as it can help to reduce the hotness because of the cold attribute.

绿豆汤是传统中式夏季汤品，几乎每家路边店的冷柜里都有打包好的绿豆汤，火锅店里也有现煮的绿豆汤。人们认为绿豆对身体有益，因其性寒而有除热之功效。

Bubble (Boba) Tea Recipe 珍珠奶茶

Bubble tea (Bubble Milk Tea) is the most popular daily street drink in China, especially among young girls.

珍珠奶茶是中国最受欢迎的日常街饮，尤其受到年轻女孩的青睐。

Plum Juice 酸梅汤

Syrup of plum is a kind of sweet and sour juice made from dark plum, hawthorn fruit, roselle, crystal sugar, liquorice plant and dried orange peel, available in many restaurants and juice shops across China.

酸梅汤是一种由乌梅、山楂、洛神花、冰糖、甘草和陈皮制成的口味酸甜的饮料，国内很多餐厅和饮品店都有售。

Quick cold side dishes

凉菜

Chinese Five Spice Edamame 五香毛豆

Fresh green soybeans are now on the market in China. We usually boil the cute lovely beans with salt and some spices, serving as afternoon snack.

鲜嫩的毛豆在中国正值上市季节。我们在烹饪这种惹人爱的豆角时，通常会加入盐和其他调味料，作为下午的佐食。

Wood Ear Mushroom Salad 凉拌黑木耳

Hot and sour wood ear mushroom salad with soy sauce, vinegar and sesame oil.

用酱油、醋和香油调拌的酸辣木耳沙拉。

Cold Tofu 凉拌豆腐

An easy cold tofu salad with savory sesame dressing.

一款易做的凉拌豆腐沙拉，缀以美味的芝麻。

Chinese Cucumber Salad–Smashed Version 拍黄瓜

Chinese smashed cucumber salad with garlic, vinegar and sesame oil. This is one of the most popular homemade cold dishes in China, which only requires 5 minutes from preparation to table.

以大蒜、醋和香油调味的中式拍黄瓜沙拉。这是中国最常见的家常凉菜之一，只要5分钟就能做好。

Stuffed Lotus Root with Sticky Rice 糯米藕

Sweet stuffed lotus root with sticky rice, highlighted by the strong aroma of osmanthus fragrans syrup. 

将糯米灌在清甜的莲藕中，再配以香气四溢的桂花酱，味道就更出彩了。

Sesame Chinese Long Beans 麻酱豇豆

Cold Chinese long beans salad with sesame paste.

凉的豇豆沙拉配上芝麻酱。

Liangpi/Cold Skin Noodles 凉皮

Famous Xi’an food-Liangpi (cold skin noodles) has been my best memories in university life. I have been eating this dish all the summer of this year after I learnt how to cook it at home.

西安著名小吃，我大学生活中最美好的回忆。自从我在家学会自己做以后，今年我吃了一夏天凉皮。

White Cut Chicken/Chinese Poached Chicken 白斩鸡

Cantonese poached chicken with super tender texture and an interesting name—White cut chicken.

粤式烹煮鸡，肥嫩鲜美，名字也相当有意思。

Szechuan Cold Noodles 四川凉面

Szechuan style cold noodle (Vegan version) is known as Szechuan Liangmian. With a long history, it is been known as one of most famous Szechuan street snack. Generally, this can be known as a simplified and cold version of Dan Dan Noodles. However it will never disappoint you by the taste.

四川凉面历史悠久，是四川最著名的街头小吃之一。广义上来说，它也相当于简化的凉版担担面。味道包你满意。

看了这么多，你有哪些解暑良方或者解暑美食推荐？欢迎点击右下角“写留言”和大家分享哟~~

英文来源：China Travel Page, China Sichuan Food等

编译：Yee君

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