双语 | 无处不在“性骚扰” 伤害之大知多少（附译词）
Sexual harassment is, sadly, a major topic of conversation these days. A rogue’s gallery of well-known and influential men, including Roger Ailes, Bill O’Reilly, Bill Cosby, President Donald Trump and others have been accused of or implicated in the harassment of women. Harvey Weinstein, the disgraced movie mogul, is the latest and, it appears, allegedly one of the worst examples. What hasn’t been talked about often enough, though, is how sexual harassment puts victims at risk for depression.
近日，性骚扰成为一大热议话题，让人不禁感到悲哀。罗杰·艾尔斯、比尔·奥莱利、比尔·科斯比、特朗普总统等一票公众知名人物被列入“罪犯名册”，均受控或涉及女性性骚扰。颜面扫地的电影大亨哈维·韦恩斯坦于最近被曝出性骚扰丑闻，据称，他是行迹最恶劣的典型之一。而人们热议的话题中却较少关注到性骚扰会如何将受害人置于抑郁的危险境地。
▲好莱坞电影巨头哈维·韦恩斯坦
Natassia Malthe, an actress and former model, is one of Weinstein’s alleged victims, and she claims she suffered depression and anxiety as a result of the incident. Recent research reveals that she is far from alone. Workplace sexual harassment is potentially more damaging than other forms of such abuse.
演员、前模特娜塔莎·迈尔兹声称是韦恩斯坦性骚扰的受害者，她说自己在受到骚扰后饱受抑郁和焦虑的困扰。而最近的调查显示，她的经历绝非个例。职场性骚扰比其他类型的性侵产生的潜在伤害要更大。
▲演员、前模特娜塔莎·迈尔兹
职场性骚扰已成为一个非常普遍的现象，我们来看一组10月30日华尔街日报和美国全国广播公司公布的一项最新职场性骚扰调查数据：
A new poll from the Wall Street Journal and NBC found 48% of female workers said they had personally experienced sexual harassment at work.
华尔街日报和美国全国广播公司公布的一项最新民意调查显示，48%的职场女性称自己曾遭受过职场性骚扰。
Meanwhile, 41% of employed men said they’d witnessed sexual harassment occur at work. And the vast majority of survey respondents agreed that sexual harassment in the workplace is quite common: 67% said they believe that sexual harassment takes place in most or almost all work environments, including 62% of men and 71% of women. In 1991, by contrast, when a similar poll was taken, 63% of Americans said they thought sexual harassment happened in most or almost all workplaces.
同时，41%的职场男性表示曾亲眼目睹过职场性骚扰事件。大部分受调查对象认为职场性骚扰现象非常普遍：67%的调查对象相信（62%的男性和71%的女性），大部分或几乎所有的工作场合都会发生性骚扰事件。而在1991年，类似的民意调查显示，有63%的美国人认为大部分或几乎所有的工作场合都会发生性骚扰事件。
The new poll surveyed 900 adults, including 265 working women and 286 employed men.
这项新调查的调查对象为900位成年人，其中包括265位职场女性及286位职场男性。
According to a study involving 7,603 employees from across 1,041 organizations in Denmark, employees who were sexually harassed by supervisors, colleagues or subordinates in the workplace may develop more severe symptoms of depression than employees who experience harassment by clients or customers. In addition, those harassed by colleagues, supervisors or subordinates had a significantly higher risk of clinical depression. The research was published in September in the open access journal BMC Public Health.
丹麦的一项调研对1041个组织的7603位雇员进行了调查，结果显示，在职场上遭受上级、同事或下属性骚扰的雇员，可能会比遭受客户骚扰的雇员产生更严重的抑郁症状。另外，那些受到上级、同事或下属性骚扰的雇员出现临床忧郁症的风险要更高。这项研究于9月份发表在开源期刊《BMC公共卫生》上。
Self-Blame Can Spiral Into Depression
自责会使你陷入抑郁
This study adds to other research, which is “very consistent that sexual harassment leads to a number of negative and at times profound psychological conditions, including depression,” says Carol Landau, clinical professor of psychiatry and human behavior and medicine at the Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University. According to Equal Rights Advocates, a national civil rights organization that's "dedicated to protecting and expanding economic and educational access and opportunities for women and girls," 90 to 95 percent of sexually harassed women suffer from some form of stress reaction – not only anxiety or depression, but also headaches, sleep disorders, weight loss or gain, nausea, lowered self-esteem and sexual dysfunction. Landau adds alcohol abuse to that harrowing list.
布朗大学沃伦·艾伯特医学院精神病学、人类行为和医药学临床教授卡罗尔·兰多表示，该研究和另一项调查得出了一致的结论，认为性骚扰会对心理健康造成负面影响，有时情况会很严重，比如抑郁症。全国民权组织Equal Rights Advocates致力于保护并拓展女性从事经济活动、接受教育的渠道与机遇，该组织的数据显示，遭遇性骚扰的女性中有90%~95%出现了某种形式的应激反应，不仅表现为焦虑或抑郁，还有头痛、失眠、体重下降或增加、恶心、自尊心受挫、性功能障碍等症状。兰多还将酗酒列入了不良后果之中。
What is the mechanism for this? “My belief is that sexual harassment – anything from invalidation to microaggressions to threats and coercion – has a negative effect on feelings of self-confidence and self-efficacy,” Landau says. “In a situation where a woman feels powerless or ambivalent about reporting the incidents, she will then internalize shame, and this leads to sadness, withdrawal and isolation. Anxiety at work is likely to follow. If she is not able to reach out to others for social support or to engage in psychotherapy, this can easily spiral into internalized self-blame and ultimately symptoms of depression.” Sexual assault, she adds, is even more damaging. “It is a traumatic and criminal event.” she says.
这种结果是如何产生的？兰多说：“我认为性骚扰，无论未遂、轻度冒犯还是威胁强迫，都会对自信心和自我效能造成负面影响。如果女性对公开这种事情感到力不从心或矛盾重重，羞辱感就会内化于心，进而导致悲伤、回避和孤立的情绪，接下来可能会在工作中出现焦虑。如果她未能向他人寻求社会帮助或者采用心理疗法，很容易发展成内化的自责，最终形成抑郁症。”她补充道，性侵造成的伤害更大。“这是一种造成创伤的犯罪行为。”
And despite the wave of reports coming to the surface in recent months, sexual harassment is probably underreported. “The most important thing to say about the prevalence of workplace sexual harassment it is that any estimate is undoubtedly too low,” Landau says. “We have seen with the Harvey Weinstein case that most women are afraid or ambivalent about reporting workplace sexual harassment due to fear of retribution. We do know that the Harvey Weinstein case, as egregious as it is, is merely one example of a destructive phenomenon.”
虽然近几个月一大波相关报道涌现出来，但可能还有很多性骚扰事件没有公诸于众。兰多说：“关于普遍存在的职场性骚扰，最值得一提的是我们无疑低估了这一问题。从哈维事件中我们可以看出大部分女性害怕或纠结于公开职场性骚扰，担心遭到报复。我们当然知道骇人听闻的哈维事件只是这种破坏性现象的个案。”
Social Support Is Key
社会帮助是关键
Many studies of adolescents find that boys can be victims of sexual harassment as well, and certainly members of the LGBTQ community are victims. People of color are likely to feel even more isolated and disempowered.
很多针对青少年的研究发现男孩也会成为性骚扰的受害者，不少同性恋群体也遭遇过性骚扰。有色人种可能会觉得自己更加孤立无助。
The best way to prevent the spiral toward depression, she says, is by seeking support. “Like any other condition associated with shame – alcohol or other substance abuse, child sexual abuse – social support or connecting with other people with the same condition is most important,” Landau says. For example, she suggests reaching out to another woman at work might be a first step if a woman is not comfortable going to the police or the company's human resources department. Such support can reduce feelings of shame and guilt, record patterns of the perpetrator’s behavior to assist other potential victims and lead to improved coping skills and strategies, she says.
寻找依靠是防止抑郁的最佳方式，兰多说道：“就像酒精或药物滥用、儿童性骚扰等令人感到羞耻的情况一样，最重要的是寻求社会支持或与相似境况的人取得联系。”例如，她建议，如果当事人认为报警或找公司人力部门不太方便，那么，第一步可以向女同事求助。这种支持可以减少羞耻感和内疚感，记录不轨者的行径，帮助其他潜在受害者，并提高应对技能和策略。
Landau believes that the strong reaction to the Weinstein case is due to the fact that “he is a symptom of a seemingly accepted cultural decay that could create a climate of fear and potential hopelessness. I think it’s always important to look at any psychological condition through the lens of society and culture. Many of the women I see in therapy, many of whom are depressed and have histories of sexual harassment and assault, have been experiencing high generalized levels of anxiety disillusionment and despair given the attitudes and behaviors of the Trump Administration. It is not surprising that most American women, especially those who have been vulnerable, are feeling an overall sense of sadness and anger.”
兰多坚信，人们对韦恩斯坦事件的强烈反应是因为这样的事实——“他象征了某种表面上被接受的文化堕落，这会营造出一种恐惧而绝望的氛围，”兰多说，“我认为透过社会和文化视角看待心理问题至关重要。在治疗中，我见过很多女性因性骚扰而感到抑郁，她们对特朗普政府的态度和行为感到极度焦虑和绝望。这并不奇怪，大多数美国女性，尤其是那些曾经受过伤害的，都会感到悲伤和愤怒。”
The answer to this sadness and anger, she says, is what we are seeing now: “It is undoubtedly connecting with other women and allies to obtain support and to effect change.”
她说，这种悲伤和愤怒的结果正是我们所看到的：“毫无疑问，是与其他妇女和盟友联合起来，以获得支持和改变。”
其实职场并非唯一的性骚扰场所，在地铁、公交、公园等任何场合都有可能发生这类事件。近日，BBC就报道了其评选出的“2017全球百位最具影响力女性”如何为公共交通场合性骚扰联合发声↓
Women around the world have been sharing their stories of harassment.
世界各地的女性坦陈了她们各自经历的性骚扰。
From the workplace, to schools, the streets, to buses - women say they experience harassment in all areas of their lives.
从工作场所，到学校、街道，再到公交车上——她们表示，在生活中的各个场所都会经历性骚扰。
100 Women has been focusing on harassment in public transport and has challenged women in London to come up with innovative ways to tackle it.
BBC年度100位女性一直在关注公共交通场合的性骚扰问题，并希望身在伦敦的女性能提出创新方案来解决这个问题。
One of the questions they have heard from women who have been harassed is: "Who do I report it to?"
被骚扰的女性提出的问题之一是：“我该向谁说？”
In 90% of cases, sexual harassment on London transport goes unreported and, according to one study, sexual offences on London's buses increased from 2012-13 to 2014-15.
在90%的情况下，伦敦公共交通场合的性骚扰是没有被举报的。一项研究表明，伦敦公交的性侵犯从2012-2013年度到2014-2015年度有所增加。
The reasons for not reporting sexual harassment cases are varied. In crowded buses or tubes, women are often confused if it happened by mistake or if it was intentional.
性骚扰不被举报的原因有很多。在拥挤的公交或地铁上，女性常常会搞不清楚这种行为是无意还是故意为之。
"If an individual accidentally brushes against someone, the officers will appreciate this behaviour is normal," says DI Walker.
沃克说：“如果一个人不小心碰到某人，警方会认为这是正常行为。”
"But if an individual is seen getting on and off from the same train or following various women around, it would attract the officers' suspicion."
“但如果一个人上下同一个车厢，或者尾随不同女性，这种行为会引起警方的怀疑。”
Authorities say that reporting incidents of harassment would help prevent crime.
警方称举报性骚扰有助于防止犯罪。
The British Transport Police deploys undercover officers during rush hour and on night tubes in order to spot suspicious behaviour and potentially arrest offenders.
在高峰时段和夜班地铁上，英国交警部署了便衣警察，以发现可疑行为并逮捕罪犯。
相关译词：
sexual harassment 性骚扰
sexual offences 性侵犯；性犯罪
sexual assault 性侵犯；性侵害；性暴行
sexual abuse 性虐待；性侵犯
movie mogul 电影大亨
rogue's gallery 犯罪分子相册
workplace sexual harassment 职场性骚扰
clinical depression 临床抑郁症
cultural decay 文化堕落
perpetrator 犯罪者；作恶者；行凶者
coping skills 应对技能
undercover officer 便衣警察
psychological condition 心理状态
psychiatry [saɪ'kaɪətrɪ] 精神病学
stress reaction 应激反应，紧迫反应
sexual dysfunction 性功能障碍
self-efficacy 自我效能
psychotherapy [saɪkə(ʊ)'θerəpɪ] 心理疗法，精神疗法
traumatic [trɔː'mætɪk] （心理）创伤的，（生理）外伤的
retribution 报偿，惩罚，报复
LGBTQ 性少数群体，即女同性恋者（lesbians）、男同性恋者（gays）、双性恋者（bisexuals）、跨性别者（transgender）和酷儿或疑性恋（queer）的英文字母缩略词
编译：Yee君
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