双语•智库｜文在寅访华 你对中韩“昨天”了解吗？

作为智库型资讯与研究平台，译世界【官方微信号译·世界（YEEWORLD）】现推出“智库”栏目，以中英双语的形式为您精选全球重要智库及著名媒体等在语言服务、文化交流、人工智能、公共政策、国际关系等相关领域的前沿研究成果，并同时展现相关英文表达，欢迎关注！本期为“双语·智库”第十二期。

12月13日上午，韩国总统文在寅从青瓦台飞赴北京，开始了他任内的首次访华行程。据外交部消息，文在寅的访华行程从12月13日开始，到12月16日为止。

▲韩国总统文在寅13日上午乘专机从首尔启程来华，第一夫人金正淑同行。

图片来源：人民网韩国频道

中韩两国之间的关系，不论对国际局势还是两国政府与人民而言，都有重大意义。因此，文在寅这次访华，十分值得关注。这不仅是文在寅在其上任后首度访华，也是中韩两国之间在“萨德”风波之后的首次国事访问，重要性不言而喻。

中韩既是邻国，又有着诸多共同的历史文化记忆，双方关系源远流长。本期双语·智库将带您看看两国到底有着怎样的历史文化渊源。

The humanistic link between China and Korea: Confucian culture

中韩人文纽带：儒家文化

In light of historical developments and the mutual exchanges conducted between China and South Korea in the past, the cultures of both countries appear to be deeply connected. In particular, Confucianism, a fundamental pillar of the Chinese traditional culture, has also had great impact on the culture of South Korea.

鉴于历史的发展和中韩之间过去的交流，两国的文化似乎有着深厚的联系。尤其是作为中国传统文化基础支柱的儒家思想，也对韩国文化产生了重大影响。

The influence of Confucian culture can be seen all throughout South Korea. During the early Han Dynasty, the culture of Confucianism, the Confucian classics, and the Chinese characters used to write these classics spread to the Korean Peninsula. Since then, Confucian culture has influenced the country’s social development through legislation and education.

儒家文化对韩国的影响贯穿古今。汉代初年，儒家文化、儒家经典和用于书写这些经典作品的汉字传播到朝鲜半岛。此后，通过立法和教育，儒家文化开始影响韩国的社会发展。

▲儒家学派创始人孔子

At the end of Koryo period, Zhu Xi Science was introduced to the country and became greatly lauded by Korean intellectuals at the time. After the establishment of the Chosun Dynasty, Confucianism represented by Zhu Xi Science was designated as the official school of thought and maintained that status for over 500 years. To this day, South Korea continues to preserve Confucian culture, and most of its citizens still approve of Confucian ethics and morality in daily life.

高丽时代末期，朱熹理学传入韩国，在当时受到韩国知识分子的高度重视。朝鲜王朝成立后，以朱熹理学为代表的儒家思想被指定为官方学派，这一地位持续了500多年。时至今日，儒家文化在韩国得以存续，大部分韩国人在日常生活中依然奉行儒家伦理和道德。

▲理学宗师朱熹

Both China and South Korea are guided by Confucianism, and Chinese characters are an important product of Confucian culture. Prior to creating their own characters, the people of what is now South Korea mainly depended on ancient Chinese characters in sorting out documents and recording their history.

中韩两国都以儒家思想为指导，汉字是儒家文化的重要产物。在创造自己的文字之前，韩国先民在整理文件和记录历史时主要依靠古代汉字。

It was not until 1443, when Joseon Sejong created "Hangul", that South Korea began using its own language and character system. Even so, ancient Chinese characters were still used by nobles and in formal books during the Chosun Dynasty. Furthermore, in the modern Korean language, over one third of its characters are Chinese characters. Present day South Koreans even have the habit of adopting names in Chinese characters and many of them are proud of being able to read and write Chinese characters.

直到 1443 年，朝鲜世宗创造了“韩语”，韩国才开始使用自己的语言和文字系统。即使如此，在朝鲜王朝时期，古代汉字仍被贵族和正式书籍所使用。此外，在现代韩语中，超过三分之一的字符是汉字。如今，韩国人甚至有用汉字命名的习惯，许多人都以能读写汉字而感到自豪。

▲朝鲜世宗画像

Other influence of Chinese culture on South Korea can be seen in architecture, literature, religion and governance.

中国文化对韩国的其他影响可以从建筑、文学、宗教和管理中窥见。

Korean wooden-frame architecture was introduced from China during the Han dynasty and has continued to the modern era. Other Chinese concepts to influence Korean architecture include yin and yang, the five elements, Chinese geomancy, Taoism and Confucianism.

韩国木结构建筑是汉朝时期从中国引进的，一直延续到现代。其他影响韩国建筑的中国观念包括阴阳、五行、风水、道儒思想。

▲韩国木结构建筑

The majority of literature produced in the Korean peninsula before the twentieth century was written in Classical Chinese. Extant Korean poetry in Chinese goes back to the Koguryŏ period. Later, under Unified Silla and Koryŏ, poetic and prose compositions continued to closely follow forms originating in China and characteristic of the Six Dynasties period.

二十世纪以前，在朝鲜半岛上创作的大部分文学作品都是用文言文写成的。韩国现存的汉语诗歌可追溯到高句丽时期。后来，在统一新罗时期和高丽时期，诗歌和散文创作继续与源于中国、具有六朝特色的形式紧密相连。

All schools of Korean Buddhism have their roots in earlier Chinese innovations. While Korean monks training in China often played a critical part in some of these developments, China's size and its geographical position on the Silk Road allowed it to pioneer the majority of trends in East Asian Buddhism.

韩国佛教所有流派都能在中国早期的创新中寻根。虽然韩国僧人在中国的学习训练在韩国佛教的发展中发挥了重要的作用，但中国的规模以及中国在丝绸之路上的地理位置使其能够开创东亚佛教的主流发展趋势。

Han Fei-tzu, an ancient Chinese philosopher once pointed out: “Amity between peoples holds the key to sound relations between states.” China and South Korea are quite close to each other in terms of geography, people-to-people exchanges, and cultural exchanges. Therefore, it is necessary for us to attach great importance to the Confucian culture represented by Chinese characters, so as to make effective communication the main imperative to help facilitate friendly exchanges between the two countries.

中国古代哲学家韩非子曾指出：“国之交在于民相亲。”中韩两国在地理、人文交流、文化交流等方面有着密切的关系。因此，我们有必要高度重视以汉字为代表的儒家文化，将有效交流作为当务之急，促进两国之间友好交流。

▲中国古代哲学家、法学家韩非子

中韩两国历史文化关系源远流长，但中韩关系因“萨德”问题遭受了重创，文在寅此次访华可谓来之不易。据新华每日电讯评论，此访将有助于进一步清除中韩关系中的障碍，对推动双边关系和地区合作深入发展、维护朝鲜半岛和平稳定具有积极意义。

今年还是中韩建交25周年。建交以来，友好交流、合作共赢始终是两国关系主旋律。中韩两国在促进各自经济社会进步、实现地区和平稳定繁荣方面有着广泛共同利益。

来源：CCTV英文版、新华每日电讯

编译：Yee君

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